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tation in these areas varies between 200 mm 7 9 in and 450 mm 18 in climate averages for towns in ilam province 3 town july daily maximum january daily maximum annual precipitation ilam 38 2 c 100 8 f 10 5 c 50 9 f 585 4 mm 23 05 in mehran 45 6 c 114 1 f 16 3 c 61 3 f 230 4 mm 9 07 in dehloran 48 1 c 118 6 f 16 5 c 61 7 f 280 4 mm 11 04 in darreh shahr 46 4 c 115 5 f 15 c 59 f 482 1 mm 18 98 in eyvan 38 8 c 101 8 f 11 c 52 f 704 1 mm 27 72 in sarableh 41 4 c 106 5 f 11 2 c 52 2 f 510 7 mm 20 11 in abdanan 42 5 c 108 5 f 12 9 c 55 2 f 613 7 mm 24 16 in lumar 45 2 c 113 4 f 13 2 c 55 8 f 460 3 mm 18 12 in floods edit flood of nov 2015 city of ilam flood of 31 mar 2019 at majeen darreh shahr occasional heavy rainstorms in spring and autumn bring sometimes huge floods the steep slopes of zagros mountains soil type lack of vegetation are among some of the reasons why ilam province is prone to flooding moreover majority of communities in ilam province are located in the floodplains at the foothills of mountains on river banks and near sources of water so there is always risk of flooding with potential human and financial costs according to the available statistics mehran and dehloran counties are at the highest risk of flooding due to their lower elevation compared to the rest of the province and the subsequent concentration and joining of rivers and streams the latest flood happened in march and april 2019 in which most of country including ilam province experienced levels of flooding on 1 april 2019 the flood destructed many bridges including the gavmishan bridge in darreh shahr an important bridge over karkheh river which connects south of the province to lorestan and rest of the country the bridge was reopened months later on 6 october 2019 42 further information 2019 iran floods dust edit ilam is occasionally affected by dust especially in summers it has become more frequent in the last ten years the cities of mehran and dehloran are at the highest risk in the province due to lower elevation and proximity to the deserts of iraq and saudi arabia however in case of large dust storms the western part of the country could be affected the successive droughts of the recent decade in iran and the long wars in iraq and syria have also exacerbated the issue 43 44 demographics edit language and ethnicity edit ilam province has a diverse linguistic presence albeit having the smallest population in iran this diversity derives from the geographical location of the province positioned in the transitional zone between kurdish and the southwestern iranian language bloc the predominant language is kurdish more specifically the southern kurdish dialects kalhori elami malekshahi laki and the khezeli dialect closely related to laki kurdish is the dominant language in the cities of ilam mehran eyvan abdanan sarableh lumar and pahleh and cheshmeh ye shirin shah ahmad is the southern most kurdish speaking settlement in the province 11 luri is spoken in the southern parts of the province and is the predominant language in murmuri haft cheshmeh and many smaller villages the city of darreh shahr has a luri speaking majority with a significant kurdish speaking minority two linguistically distinctive luri dialects called hinimini and shuhani are also spoken in the province shahrak e changuleh is the largest shuhani speaking settlement while hinimini is spoken in and around zarangush 11 arabic is spoken in smaller settlements near the border to khuzestan province including in shahrak e zu ol faqari 11 ilam linguistic composition 11 language percent kurdish 80 66 luri 14 74 arabic 3 43 other 1 16 kurdish tribes edit the north is mostly inhabited by the kurdish feyli tribes the feyli tribes include the malekshahi khezel arkawâzi kalhor beyrey shuhan lak zand and ali sherwan tribes 45 religion edit as of 2011 99 62 of the population are muslim 46 population edit ilam province historical population year pop 1956 110 067 1966 148 307 34 7 1976 246 024 65 9 1986 382 091 55 3 1991 440 693 15 3 1996 487 886 10 7 2006 545 787 11 9 2011 557 599 2 2 2016 580 158 4 0 est 2020 602 000 3 8 notes as ilam census area in 1956 and ilam general governorate in 1966 source statistical center of iran at the time of the 2006 national census the province s population was 530 464 in 110 515 households 47 the following census in 2011 counted 557 599 people in 135 499 households 48 the 2016 census measured the population of the province as 580 158 people in 159 310 households 7 ilam is presently the least populated province in iran administrative divisions edit see also list of counties in ilam province iran the province of ilam is divided into 12 counties 28 districts and 52 rural districts 49 following the approval of the government cabinet holeylan county was established on 4 january 2020 having been a district of chardavol county prior to that becoming the 11th county of the province 50 chavar district was separated from ilam county and elevated to county status 51 the population history and structural changes of ilam province s administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table ilam province counties 2006 47 2011 48 2016 7 abdanan 45 830 46 977 47 851 badreh b 15 614 chardavol 73 422 72 167 57 381 chavar c darreh shahr 56 346 59 551 43 708 dehloran 58 993 66 399 65 630 eyvan 47 380 48 833 49 491 holeylan d ilam 193 222 213 579 235 144 malekshahi e 22 587 21 138 mehran 55 271 27 506 29 797 sirvan f 14 404 total 530 464 557 599 580 158 cities edit see also list of cities in ilam province according to the 2016 census 395 263 people over 68 of the population of ilam province live in the following cities 7 city population abdanan 23 946 arkavaz 11 977 asemanabad 6 280 badreh 4 278 balavah 264 chavar 5 831 darrehshahr 21 900 dehloran 32 941 delgosha 1 819 eyvan 31 299 ilam 194 030 lumar 2 696 majin 1 512 mehr 1 060 mehran 17 435 meymeh 1 913 murmuri 3 768 musian 2 459 pahleh 3 870 salehabad 1 751 sarabbagh 2 659 sarableh 12 393 shabab 4 088 towhid 2 128 zarneh 2 966 ilam province is the least populated province in iran ilam the provincial capital has a population of 194 030 all other towns have less than 35 000 population list of cities above 10k population 55 rank town pop 1 ilam 194 030 2 dehloran 32 941 3 eyvan 31 299 4 abdanan 23 946 5 darrehshahr 21 900 6 mehran 17 435 7 sarableh 12 393 8 arkavaz 11 977 culture edit the original inhabitants of ilam were the guitians and the kassites and with the arrival of the aryans in iran the medes settled in the zagros region throughout history many people have settled and ruled in the region and as the result today ilam is inhabited by kurds lurs and arabs for the same reasons the culture of the ilamians is diverse mostly a blend of many cultures 44 handicrafts edit kilim a handicraft popular in ilam embossed kilim is a combination of simple kilim and carpet knot in its text which is considered as the most important and original handicraft in ilam province 56 ilam s embossed kilim is different from other parts of the country upon its creation by sahar chalanghar a resident of zanjireh village of sarableh county ilam s embossed kilim became popular both in iran and the world now there are more than 4 500 weavers of this specific type of kilim in ilam province producing around 3 000m 2 annually it is estimated that around 50 of those involved in all handicrafts work in ilam province are in the field of kilim production ilam s embossed kilim is different from other parts of the country because a weaver named sahar chalangar a resident of zanjireh village one of the functions of sarablah city of ilam province succeeds in performing a prominent role in a part of his woven kilim by using a carpet knot from this a background is provided for the growth and promotion of embossed kilims ilam s embossed kilim has received a national hologram and has been registered as a souvenir and brand of ilam province ilam was subsequently appointed as the national capital of embossed kilim 56 57 58 cuisine edit tarkhineh a traditional dish in ilam ilam s cuisine like its culture is a blend of kurdish and luri cuisines some of the local traditional dishes are 59 60 bersaq kala konji tarkhineh chezenak reqo shola keena mountain leek stew kangar jeghar vaz saj bread qala masoua qoyerma makash government edit the highest government authority of the province is the governor general who is appointed by the minister of interior given cabinet approval the governor general subsequently appoints county governors the incumbent governor general is qasem soleimani dashtaki who has been in office since october 2017 economy edit with about 0 99 contribution to the national gdp as of 2016 ilam is one of the least developed provinces in iran ranked 26th out of 31 most economic activities in the province are focused on agriculture and animal husbandry in the rural communities and skilled trades public and private services in urban areas the industry has a small share in the economy of the province and there are few factories agriculture edit production of crops and fruits in ilam province as of 2018 crops 700 732 tons 97 8 fruits 15 409 tons 2 2 the largest sector of ilam s economy is agriculture though much smaller compared to other provinces of iran there are more than 55 000 farmers in ilam province it is estimated that about 50 of all households in the province are either directly or indirectly involved in agricultural activities 61 in the 2018 harvest year 223 228 hectares 551 610 acres of land 11 1 of the territory of ilam province were cultivated for various crops such as wheat barley forage maize corn watermelon melon and cucumber producing 700 732 tons of produce in total 14 through dry farming ilam is the bottom 3rd province in the country in terms of crop yield at 3 14 tons per hectare only surpassing kohgiluyeh and kurdestan for comparison the average yield is 9 88 tons per hectare and highest is 25 64 tons per hectare in alborz province 62 the farming lands of ilam like its geography are divided the northern and eastern parts of the province are mountainous and despite the presence of water resources cultivable lands are limited to inter mountain plains foothills and river banks on the contrary the hot climate plains of the south and southwest such as hojandan dasht amir abad mehran mosian dehloran and dasht abbas are large in size but limited in water resources 63 as of 2019 the total area of all orchards in ilam province was 3 950 ha 9 800 acres making it the last in the country in total these orchards produced 15 409 tons of fruits or 0 1 of the country s production the most grown horticultural products are grapes walnut pomegranate peach olive and fig 64 industry edit top and bottom three province of iran in term of number of industrial workshops as of 2017 65 rank province count 1 tehran 6 806 2 isfahan 3 892 3 r khorasan 2 164 29 s khorasan 139 30 kohgiluyeh 65 31 ilam 52 the industry sector of ilam s economy is poorly developed even non existent as of 2017 the total number of industrial workshops ten or more employees in the province is just 52 85 of which have under 50 employees these workshops have 3 350 almost completely 96 male employees in total accounting to a mere 0 6 of ilam s population as a comparison the number of the same type of workshops is 6 806 for tehran and 3 892 for isfahan provinces indicating how underdeveloped ilam s industry sector is according to the latest statistics ilam is the least industrial province in iran 66 in recent years some efforts went into stimulating ilam s industry by building industrial towns and areas providing encouraging opportunities for businesses such as cheaper land utilities and tax since 2005 8 such towns and 5 areas have been built 67 the largest companies in ilam province are 68 ilam cement company ilam petrochemical company ilam gas treating company madakto steel cord sepid morgh manesht industrial slaughterhouse atena steel manufacturing company ilam syringe production company pouyanakh thread manufacturing company koulak mineral water company several flour companies energy edit with an estimated 14 trillion m 3 of gas reserves and 17 billion barrels of oil reserve equal to 6 and 11 of iran s reserves respectively ilam ranks 2nd and 3rd in the country in terms of gas and oil ilam province produces more than 230 000 barrels of oil per day and 1 5 billion cubic meters of gas per year accounting to about 90 of western iran s oil and gas making ilam the energy hub of western iran the most important oil and gas fields in ilam are dehloran tang e bijar chashmeh khosh paydar e gharb azar and danan despite the huge oil and gas reserves in the province there are few downstream processing plants including 69 70 list of down stream oil and gas processing plants in ilam province operating under construction planned ilam petrochemical company phase 1 ilam gas treating company chashmeh khosh production unit tang e bijar production unit dehloran petrochemical company ilam petrochemical company phase 2 mehran petrochemical company darreh shahr petrochemical company holeilan petrochemical company mining edit ilam province is part of the zagros sedimentary structure and is completely covered with sedimentary rocks of different ages in other words there are no phenomena of magmatism and metamorphism in the province therefore the province s metal mineral reserves are negligible there are however substantial non metallic reserves of gypsum limestone sandstone dolomite shale bitumen celestine building stone and facade stone 71 the province s gypsum is more than 99 percent pure and can be found in colossal amounts in dehloran mehran and bouli of abdanan dehloran gypsum factory produces a premium quality product in the country the limestone reserves are also very significant in size and very high in purity 93 99 9 ilam cement factory founded 1989 to use these mines produces one of the finest cements in iran and has won many national and international awards 72 there are also large amounts of celestine discovered northwest of dehloran celestine is used in oil well drilling industry the most valuable mineral in the province is bitumen it is found as gilsonite and has a purity of more than 70 bitumen is found in eyvan dehloran and malekshahi counties 71 ilam province is the 2nd province in the country in terms of production and reserves of bitumen eyvan has the largest reserves of bitumen in the province and is considered the largest bitumen mine in the middle east ilam s bitumen reserves are estimated at 465 000 tons proven and likely up to 900 000 tons 73 in some places in the province liquid bitumen seeps to the ground and creates springs dehloran bitumen spring is a nationally registered natural monument in iran 74 salt stone has been recovered in baloutestan area of zarin abad there s also veins of blue salt excavated near dashtalak mimak and majeen darreh shahr given the ge...
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