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ist ahmadiyya bengali english hebrew exegesis list hermeneutics esotericism literalism createdness literariness abrogation jurisprudence muhkam and mutashabih biblical parallels related persons mentioned by name characteristics i jaz inerrancy related topics criticism attempted imitations miniature board digital quran and sunnah quranism shi a view islam portal category v t e the uthmanic codex is the only edition of the quran compiled by the third rashidun caliph uthman ibn affan he ordered it to be copied and the copies sent to islamic countries after the death of muhammad the quran was collected in a single book by order of the first caliph abu bakr al siddiq and when the caliphate was handed over to uthman ibn affan the islamic conquests expanded and the companions spread in the conquered countries teaching people the quran and how to read its different readings when the companion hudhayfah ibn al yaman noticed that muslims differed in reading and some of this difference was tinged with melody he told the caliph about it and uthman ordered that the quran be collected in one way he sent hafsa bint umar to allow him to use the copy of the quran in her possession to use it as a reference and uthman ordered several copies of the quran to unify the reading and ordered them to be distributed to the muslim countries and ordered the destruction of anything that contradicts that quran 1 uthman ibn affan formed a committee to write the quran zayd ibn thabit abd allah ibn al zubayr sa id ibn al as and abd al rahman ibn al harith ibn hisham then he gave zayd ibn thabit and the three qurayshis the quran that had been with hafsa bint umar and he ordered them to copy the quran from it and he said if you and zayd ibn thabit disagree on something in the quran write it in the quraysh tongue for it was revealed in their tongue 2 the collection and copying of the quran began in late 24 ah and early 25 ah and historians have not dated how long it took the committee to write the quran 3 uthman s quran preserved for muslims the order of the surahs and verses as they are now 4 historical background edit collecting the quran during muhammad s era edit main article muhammad muhammad had taken several revelation writers namely the four rashidun caliphs zayd ibn thabit ubayy ibn ka b muadh ibn jabal mu awiya ibn abi sufyan and other companions 5 if he received a revelation he ordered one of them to write it down they did not have writing tools at that time so they wrote on aspen thin stones and wood uthman ibn affan narrated that when muhammad received something from the quran he would call some of those who used to write it down and say put this in the surah in which such and such is mentioned 6 one of the most important things that characterized the collection of the quran during muhammad s reign was that it was written by the ahruf and that it was arranged in order of verses while the surahs were arranged differently it was not compiled in a single book but was dispersed in scrolls and bones in which zayd ibn thabit says the prophet died and the quran was not compiled into anything 7 a model of the parchment paper on which the quran was written in the early hijri centuries collecting the quran during abu bakr s reign edit main articles abu bakr and umar muhammad died with the quran not compiled into a single written quran but scattered in verbal memories tablets and other means of writing after abu bakr al siddiq assumed the caliphate there were a number of reasons and motivations that prompted the companions to collect the quran in scrolls one of the most important reasons was the battle of al yamama in which a large number of companions were killed including a large number of readers by memory this prompted umar ibn al khattab to go to abu bakr and ask him to speed up the collection and codification of the quran so that it would not disappear with the death of its preservers this is what abu bakr al siddiq did after initially hesitating to do something that muhammad did not do 8 the narrations indicate that the first of the companions who ordered the collection of the quran was abu bakr al siddiq on the advice of umar ibn al khattab and that the person who carried out the collection was zayd ibn thabit al bukhari narrated from zayd that he said abu bakr got the news of the killing of the people of yamama and umar was there so abu bakr said umar came to me and said that on the day of yamama the killing of the people had become rampant and i am afraid that the killing of the readers will become rampant and a lot of the quran will be lost unless you collect it and i think you should collect the quran so abu bakr said how can i do something that the prophet himself didn t do umar said i swear by allah it is good while umar kept discussing it with me until allah clarified the matter to me and i saw what umar saw zayd said umar is sitting there not speaking abu bakr said you are a young and wise man you used to write revelations for muhammad so track down the quran and collect it i swear by allah that if he had asked me to move a mountain it would not have been heavier than what he ordered me to do about collecting the quran so i said how you want to do something that the prophet didn t do abu bakr said by allah it is good and i kept discussing it with him until allah cleared my chest to what allah cleared the chest of abu bakr and umar to so i got up and tracked down the quran collecting it from the sheets scrolls and the memories of men the papers in which the quran was collected were with abu bakr until his death then with umar until his death then with hafsa bint umar 9 before abu bakr al siddiq gathered the quran the companions had books in which they wrote the quran or some of it but these books were individual efforts that did not receive the precision of research and investigation that the quran of abu bakr al siddiq received zayd then proceeded to collect the quran and was supervised and assisted by abu bakr umar and other companions urwa ibn al zubayr narrated when the readers were killed on that day abu bakr feared that the quran would be lost so he said to umar ibn al khattab and zayd ibn thabit sit at the door of the mosque and whoever comes to you with two witnesses to something from the book of allah write it down 10 al bukhari and al tirmidhi reported that abu bakr al siddiq paired zayd ibn thabit with three others from quraysh who were sa id ibn abi al as abd al rahman ibn al harith and abdullah ibn al zubayr when they collected the quran abu bakr took it and had it until he died then umar had it until he died then hafsa bint umar had it when uthman s caliphate came people differed in reading al suyuti said abu bakr al siddiq was the first to compile the quran in a book 11 origin of the codex edit motivation edit caliph uthman ibn affan s compilation of the quran was the second compilation during the reign of the rashidun caliphs when the islamic conquests expanded the companions spread out in the conquered countries teaching the quran and the religious sciences to the people each companion taught his students the way he had received it in iraq the codex of ibn mas ud was already popular whereas in the levant the codex of ubayy ibn ka b was already popular 12 ibn al jazari narrated we are certain that many of the companions were reading what was contrary to the uthman s quran before the consensus on the quran by adding one or more words replacing one word with another and omitting some words as proven in the two sahihs and others and now we forbidding people from reciting it in prayer 13 when the muslim army set out to conquer armenia and azerbaijan the soldiers were from iraq and the levant and there was a lot of discord and conflict between them hudhayfah ibn al yaman saw that they differed in reading and some of it was tinged with melody with each of them familiar with his reading accustomed to it and believing it to be the correct one and all others are misguided even blaspheming each other this frightened hudhayfah and he said by god i will ride to the caliph uthman had seen a similar situation in medina where a teacher would teach a reading and another teacher would teach another reading so the boys would meet and some of them would deny the other s reading and he said i have you who differ in it and you read it with tune and those who are further away from me are more different and more melodic gather together companions of muhammad and choose a direction for the people 14 when huzaifa came to uthman and told him what had happened uthman s expectations were realized al bukhari narrated on the authority of anas bin malik that he said hudhayfah bin al yaman came to uthman and was conquering armenia and azerbaijan with the people of iraq hudhayfah was dismayed by their difference in reading he said to uthman save this nation before they differ in the book by the difference between the jews and christians uthman sent a message to hafsa saying send us the manuscripts of the qur an so that we may compile the qur anic materials in perfect copies and return the manuscripts to you so hafsa sent it to uthman 15 ibn atiyyah al andalusi mentioned that the books collected during the reign of abu bakr remained with him then with umar ibn al khattab after him and then with hafsa his daughter during the caliphate of uthman in the meantime books written about the companions spread across the horizon such as abdullah ibn masud s quran the sham quran ubayy ibn ka b s quran and so on when hudhayfah returned from the armenian invasion uthman was deputized to compile the quran according to the seven letters of the quran 16 collection edit when uthman ibn affan heard what he heard and what hudhayfah ibn al yaman told him he consulted the companions about what to do ibn hajar al asqalani narrated that ali ibn abi talib said o people do not exaggerate about uthman and do not say anything but good things about him and his quran i swear by allah he did not do what he did with the quran except on the knowledge of all of us he said what do you say about this reading i was informed that some of them say that my reading is better than yours and this is almost blasphemy we said what do you think he said i think that we should gather the people on one quran so that there will be no division and no disagreement we said yes we agree ali said by allah if i were in charge i would have done what he did 17 uthman chose four people for the task of copying the quran zayd ibn thabit abdullah ibn al zubayr sa id ibn al as and abd al rahman ibn al harith ibn hisham uthman asked the companions who is the best writer among the people they said the writer of muhammad zayd bin thabit he said which of the people is good in pronunciation they said sa id bin al aas uthman said let sa id dictate and let zayd write 18 it is said that uthman chose twelve men from the quraysh and ansar including ubayy ibn ka b zayd ibn thabit and others 19 20 there is no contradiction between the two accounts and what is known is that the quran writing committee was four it appears that uthman ibn affan was not satisfied with these four but included in their assistance those who had knowledge of the qur an to help them in writing it 21 after uthman agreed with the companions to collect the quran in one letter he followed this method of collecting the quran uthman addressed the people and said o people your covenant with your prophet was thirteen years ago and you are disputing the quran saying that my father s reading and abdullah s reading so i ask each one of you who memorized something from the quran to step forward so a lot came then uthman entered and called them man by man and asked them did you hear muhammad dictate it to you and he says yes when he finished he asked who is the best writer among the people they said the writer of muhammad zayd bin thabit he said which of the people good in pronunciation they said sa id bin al aas uthman said let sa id dictate and let zayd write he wrote zayd he wrote copies of the quran and dispersed them in the people i heard some of muhammad s companions say he has done well 22 uthman sent to hafsa bint umar send us the books we will copy them into the quran and then return them to you she sent them to him which is the quran that was collected during the reign of abu bakr al siddiq uthman gave zayd ibn thabit and the three qurayshis the quran that hafsa had and ordered them to copy qurans from it uthman said to the three qurayshis if you and zayd ibn thabit disagree on something from the quran write it down in the quraysh tongue for it was revealed in their tongue 23 if a verse has more than one reading the verse is written without any sign that restricts its pronunciation to one reading and it should be written in a single drawing that includes both readings or all of the readings 24 after the qurans were copied uthman sent copies of them to muslim countries muslims were active in copying qurans for individuals and zayd ibn thabit in medina used to devote himself in ramadan every year to displaying qurans and people would show their qurans to him with the quran of the people of madina in front of him 25 features edit an example from the sanaa manuscripts of what the uthman s quran used to look like as it is free of dots and diacritical marks uthman s quran was characterized by several features 26 limited to one of the seven ahruf ibn al qayyim said uthman gathered the people on one of the seven ahruf that the prophet muhammad allowed them to read with and that was for the general best interest 27 the motivation in retaining only one of muhammad s ahruf was said to be to engender a greater unity around the quran 28 disregarding what has been recited uthman ibn affan intended to gather people into a quran in which there is no advancement delay or interpretation nor was it written with its recitation abrogated and it is obligatory to read and memorize it for fear of introducing corruption and suspicion to those who come after them 29 limited to what was proven in the last presentation and discarding everything else abu bakr ibn abi dawud narrated in the book of al masahef from the hadith of muhammad ibn sirin about kathir ibn mufleh when uthman wanted to write the quran he gathered twelve men from quraysh and ansar including abai bin ka b and zayd ibn thabit said that they were sent to the quarters in umar s house he said uthman used to watch over them so if they argued about something they delayed it muhammad said i said to kathir and he was among those who were writing do you know why they delayed it he said no muhammad said i thought that they delayed it in order to see who was most recent to hear it so they would write it down according to what he said 30 the verses and suras are arranged in the way we know them now al hakim al nishapuri said the collection of the quran was not a one time event some of it was collected in the presence of ...
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