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the (338), copyleft (139), software (124), and (111), #license (105), free (77), licenses (62), source (59), that (56), work (54), for (53), open (52), from (45), retrieved (44), gnu (40), with (39), this (38), may (37), use (32), copyright (32), public (32), code (30), not (29), gpl (28), works (26), under (24), freedom (24), all (23), any (23), share (20), some (20), other (20), edit (20), was (19), stallman (19), original (19), which (19), also (19), terms (18), can (18), rights (17), are (16), commons (15), june (15), proprietary (15), licensing (15), alike (14), project (14), such (14), foundation (13), creative (13), april (13), general (13), unicode (13), but (13), their (13), law (12), richard (12), symbol (12), august (12), archived (12), viral (11), has (11), 2008 (11), 2007 (11), include (11), basic (11), modified (11), without (11), articles (10), movement (10), version (10), 2017 (10), must (10), tiny (10), licensed (10), only (10), used (10), freedoms (10), wikipedia (9), 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Text of the page (random words):
ain article permissive software license those licenses grant users of the software the same freedoms as copyleft licenses but do not require modified versions of that software to also include those freedoms they have minimal restrictions on how the software can be used modified and redistributed and are thus not copyleft licenses examples of this type of license include the x11 license apache license expat license and the various bsd licenses debate and controversy edit it has been suggested that copyleft has become a divisive issue in the ideological strife between the open source initiative and the free software movement 37 however there is evidence that copyleft is both accepted and proposed by both parties both the osi and the fsf have copyleft and non copyleft licenses in their respective lists of accepted licenses 38 35 the osi s original legal counsel lawrence rosen has written a copyleft license the open software license the osi s licensing how to recognises the gpl as a best practice license 39 some of the software programs of the gnu project are published under non copyleft licenses 40 stallman himself has endorsed the use of non copyleft licenses in certain circumstances most recently in the case of the ogg vorbis license change 41 viral licensing edit main article viral license viral license is a pejorative name for copyleft licenses 42 43 44 45 46 it originates from the terms general public virus or gnu public virus gpv which dates back to 1990 a year after the gplv1 was released 47 48 49 the name viral licenses refers to the fact that any works derived from a copyleft work must preserve the copyleft permissions when distributed some advocates of the various bsd licenses used the term derisively in regards to the gpl s tendency to absorb bsd licensed code without allowing the original bsd work to benefit from it while at the same time promoting itself as freer than other licenses 50 51 52 microsoft vice president craig mundie remarked this viral aspect of the gpl poses a threat to the intellectual property of any organization making use of it 53 in another context steve ballmer declared that code released under gpl is useless to the commercial sector since it can only be used if the resulting surrounding code is licensed under a gpl compatible license and described it thus as a cancer that attaches itself in an intellectual property sense to everything it touches 54 in response to microsoft s attacks on the gpl several prominent free software developers and advocates released a joint statement supporting the license 55 according to fsf compliance engineer david turner the term viral license creates a misunderstanding and a fear of using copylefted free software 56 while a person can catch a virus without active action license conditions take effect upon effective usage or adoption 57 david mcgowan has also written that there is no reason to believe the gpl could force proprietary software to become free software but could try to enjoin the firm from distributing commercially a program that combined with the gpl d code to form a derivative work and to recover damages for infringement if the firm actually copied code from a gpl d program such a suit would be a perfectly ordinary assertion of copyright which most private firms would defend if the shoe were on the other foot 58 richard stallman has described this view with an analogy saying the gpl s domain does not spread by proximity or contact only by deliberate inclusion of gpl covered code in your program it spreads like a spider plant not like a virus 59 popular copyleft licenses such as the gpl have a clause allowing components to interact with non copyleft components as long as the communication is abstract failed verification such as executing a command line tool with a set of switches or interacting with a web server 60 as a consequence even if one module of an otherwise non copyleft product is placed under the gpl it may still be legal for other components to communicate with it in ways such as these clarification needed this allowed communication may or may not include reusing libraries or routines via dynamic linking some commentators say it does 61 the fsf asserts it does not and explicitly adds an exception allowing it in the license for the gnu classpath re implementation of the java library this ambiguity is an important difference between the gpl and the lgpl in that the lgpl specifically allows linking or compiling works licensed under terms that are not compatible with the lgpl with works covered by the lgpl 62 symbol edit you may need rendering support to display the uncommon unicode characters in this section correctly copyleft symbol in unicode u 1f12f copyleft symbol alternative symbol ɔ different from different from u 00a9 copyright sign the copyleft symbol is a rotated version of the copyright symbol an inverted reversed c in a circle it has no legal status 63 a 2016 proposal 64 to add the symbol to a future version of unicode was accepted by the unicode technical committee 65 the code point u 1f12f copyleft symbol was added in unicode 11 65 66 as of 2018 update it is largely unimplemented in fonts but can be approximated with character u 2184 ↄ latin small letter reversed c or the more widely available character u 0254 ɔ latin small letter open o between parenthesis ɔ or if supported by the application or web browser by combining a reversed c with the character u 20dd ↄ⃝ combining enclosing circle ↄ⃝ 67 for a list of fonts that include this glyph see unicode fonts list of smp unicode fonts and then row enclosed alphanumeric supplement 173 1f100 1f1ff this list is not guaranteed to be current see also edit free and open source software portal list of copyleft software licenses all rights reversed anti copyright notice commercial use of copyleft works comparison of open source and closed source copyfraud copyright alternatives criticism of intellectual property internet freedom free content free culture movement free software movement history of free and open source software opposition to copyright public copyright license free video steal this film references edit newman john 29 december 2011 copyright and open access at the bedside nejm 365 26 2447 2449 doi 10 1056 nejmp1110652 pmid 22204721 open source from a proprietary perspective at the wayback machine archive index stallman richard 29 june 2007 gnu general public license gnu project retrieved 1 may 2017 free art license 1 3 copyleft attitude copyleft attitude retrieved 6 october 2021 attribution sharealike 4 0 international cc by sa 4 0 creative commons creative commons retrieved 14 august 2015 wang li chen may 1976 palo alto tiny basic dr dobb s journal of computer calisthenics orthodontia running light without overbyte 1 5 12 25 nb source code begins with the following six lines tiny basic for intel 8080 version 1 0 by li chen wang 10 june 1976 copyleft all wrongs reserved the june date in the may issue is correct the magazine was behind schedule the june and july issues were combined to catch up rauskolb roger december 1976 dr wang s palo alto tiny basic interface age 2 1 92 108 nb the source code begins with the following nine lines tiny basic for intel 8080 version 2 0 by li chen wang modified and translated to intel mnemonics by roger rauskolb 10 october 1976 copyleft all wrongs reserved tiny basic extended dr dobb s journal of computer calisthenics orthodontia running light without overbyte 1 2 february 1976 rauskolb roger december 1976 dr wang s palo alto tiny basic interface age 2 1 92 108 nb the source code begins with the following nine lines tiny basic for intel 8080 version 2 0 by li chen wang modified and translated to intel mnemonics by roger rauskolb 10 october 1976 copyleft all wrongs reserved a b c d e carver brian w 5 april 2005 share and share alike understanding and enforcing open source and free software licenses berkeley technology law journal ssrn 1586574 retrieved 6 february 2012 cite journal cite journal requires journal help williams sam march 2002 7 free as in freedom richard stallman s crusade for free software o reilly media isbn 978 0 596 00287 9 moody glyn 2002 rebel code p 26 emacs general public license 5 july 2001 retrieved 23 august 2008 a b stallman richard 21 january 2008 about the gnu project free software foundation retrieved 1 may 2017 free art license frequently asked questions copyleft attitude copyleft attitude retrieved 6 october 2021 licenses gnu project gnu project retrieved 6 october 2021 we don t take the position that artistic or entertainment works must be free but if you want to make one free we recommend the free art license what is free software gnu org 30 july 2019 retrieved 22 july 2020 mundie craig 3 may 2001 prepared text of remarks by craig mundie microsoft senior vice president the commercial software model new york university stern school of business archived from the original on 21 june 2005 retrieved 1 october 2009 the new york times retrieved 23 april 2022 maher marcus 2000 open source software the success of an alternative intellectual property incentive paradigm pdf fordham intellectual property media entertainment law journal archived from the original pdf on 2 may 2014 retrieved 1 may 2014 sarmah harshajit 23 september 2019 5 reasons why contributing to open source projects helps in landing a job analytics india magazine retrieved 22 july 2020 mustonen mikko copyleft the economics of linux and other open source software pdf information economics and policy archived from the original pdf on 2 may 2014 retrieved 1 may 2014 how to choose a license for your own work free software foundation s licensing and compliance lab retrieved 1 may 2017 what is copyleft gnu project scheibner james what price freedom of software a guide for australian legal practitioners on open source licensing 2017 precedentaula 23 2017 139 precedent 39 classic austlii edu au retrieved 27 november 2021 kirk st amant brian still 2008 examining open source software licenses through the creative commons licensing model handbook of research on open source software technological economic and social perspectives information science reference pp 382 of 728 isbn 978 1 59140 999 1 the eupl european union public licence european commission retrieved 9 january 2007 free software licensing agreement cecill pdf inria archived from the original pdf on 8 august 2010 retrieved 24 august 2010 patrice emmanuel schmitz 3 april 2015 the meaning of copyleft in eupl joinup for some of the philosophy behind the term saass see the server software section of how to choose a license for your own work gnu project 20 december 2015 retrieved 1 may 2017 stallman richard 18 november 2016 who does that server really serve gnu project retrieved 1 may 2017 why the affero gpl gnu project 10 may 2015 retrieved 1 may 2017 list of free software licences on the gnu website we recommend that developers consider using the gnu agpl for any software which will commonly be run over a network various licenses and comments about them sybase open watcom public license version 1 0 watcom gnu org retrieved 23 december 2015 this is not a free software license it requires you to publish the source code publicly whenever you deploy the covered software and deploy is defined to include many kinds of private use a b various licenses and comments about them gnu project engelfriet arnoud 2010 choosing an open source license ieee software athens university of economics and business 27 48 49 doi 10 1109 ms 2010 5 s2cid 36712745 biancuzzi federico 30 june 2005 esr we don t need the gpl anymore onlamp com archived from the original on 6 march 2018 retrieved 23 august 2008 tiemann michael 18 september 2006 licenses by name retrieved 23 august 2008 raymond eric steven 9 november 2002 licensing howto retrieved 23 august 2008 what the gplv3 means for ms novell agreement yro slashdot org 8 march 2007 retrieved 14 may 2014 stallman richard 26 february 2001 lwn net rms on the ogg vorbis license retrieved 23 august 2008 m y agreement with the idea of a lax ogg vorbis license in this special case is just as pragmatic as my preference for the gpl in most cases in both cases it is a matter of how we can attain freedom microsoft license spurns open source cnet cbs interactive some rights reserved the alternatives to copyright wired uk glossary a2knetwork org archived from the original on 26 april 2009 jason greenberg daniel glazer march 2013 inoculating your purchase contractual protection from viral licenses in m a transactions pdf fried frank association of corporate counsel retrieved 10 june 2016 philip wood amy ryburn allan yeoman andrew matangi steve nightingale 1 july 2013 legal update on information and communication technology july 2013 archived from the original on 21 september 2013 retrieved 10 june 2016 vixie paul 6 march 2006 re section 5 2 ipr encumberance in tak rollover requirement draft ietf 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