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ering tke 2005 august 16 copenhagen denmark sahlgren magnus holst anders and pentti kanerva 2008 permutations as a means to encode order in word space in proceedings of the 30th annual conference of the cognitive science society 1300 1305 bengio yoshua réjean ducharme pascal vincent 2000 a neural probabilistic language model pdf neurips bengio yoshua ducharme réjean vincent pascal jauvin christian 2003 a neural probabilistic language model pdf journal of machine learning research 3 1137 1155 bengio yoshua schwenk holger senécal jean sébastien morin fréderic gauvain jean luc 2006 a neural probabilistic language model studies in fuzziness and soft computing vol 194 springer pp 137 186 doi 10 1007 3 540 33486 6_6 isbn 978 3 540 30609 2 vinkourov alexei cristianini nello shawe taylor john 2002 inferring a semantic representation of text via cross language correlation analysis pdf advances in neural information processing systems vol 15 lavelli alberto sebastiani fabrizio zanoli roberto 2004 distributional term representations an experimental comparison 13th acm international conference on information and knowledge management pp 615 624 doi 10 1145 1031171 1031284 roweis sam t saul lawrence k 2000 nonlinear dimensionality reduction by locally linear embedding science 290 5500 2323 6 bibcode 2000sci 290 2323r doi 10 1126 science 290 5500 2323 pmid 11125150 s2cid 5987139 he יהושע בנג יו morin fredric bengio yoshua 2005 hierarchical probabilistic neural network language model pdf in cowell robert g ghahramani zoubin eds proceedings of the tenth international workshop on artificial intelligence and statistics proceedings of machine learning research vol r5 pp 246 252 mnih andriy hinton geoffrey 2009 a scalable hierarchical distributed language model advances in neural information processing systems 21 nips 2008 curran associates inc 1081 1088 word2vec google code archive retrieved 23 july 2021 bojanowski piotr grave edouard joulin armand mikolov tomas 2017 enriching word vectors with subword information transactions of the association for computational linguistics 5 135 146 doi 10 1162 tacl_a_00051 reisinger joseph mooney raymond j 2010 multi prototype vector space models of word meaning vol human language technologies the 2010 annual conference of the north american chapter of the association for computational linguistics los angeles california association for computational linguistics pp 109 117 isbn 978 1 932432 65 7 retrieved october 25 2019 huang eric 2012 improving word representations via global context and multiple word prototypes oclc 857900050 camacho collados jose pilehvar mohammad taher 2018 from word to sense embeddings a survey on vector representations of meaning arxiv 1805 04032 cs cl neelakantan arvind shankar jeevan passos alexandre mccallum andrew 2014 efficient non parametric estimation of multiple embeddings per word in vector space proceedings of the 2014 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing emnlp stroudsburg pa usa association for computational linguistics pp 1059 1069 arxiv 1504 06654 doi 10 3115 v1 d14 1113 s2cid 15251438 ruas terry grosky william aizawa akiko 2019 12 01 multi sense embeddings through a word sense disambiguation process expert systems with applications 136 288 303 arxiv 2101 08700 doi 10 1016 j eswa 2019 06 026 hdl 2027 42 145475 issn 0957 4174 s2cid 52225306 agre gennady petrov daniel keskinova simona 2019 03 01 word sense disambiguation studio a flexible system for wsd feature extraction information 10 3 97 doi 10 3390 info10030097 issn 2078 2489 1 2 akbik alan blythe duncan vollgraf roland 2018 contextual string embeddings for sequence labeling proceedings of the 27th international conference on computational linguistics santa fe new mexico usa association for computational linguistics 1638 1649 li jiwei jurafsky dan 2015 do multi sense embeddings improve natural language understanding proceedings of the 2015 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing stroudsburg pa usa association for computational linguistics pp 1722 1732 arxiv 1506 01070 doi 10 18653 v1 d15 1200 s2cid 6222768 devlin jacob chang ming wei lee kenton toutanova kristina june 2019 proceedings of the 2019 conference of the north proceedings of the 2019 conference of the north american chapter of the association for computational linguistics human language technologies volume 1 long and short papers association for computational linguistics 4171 4186 doi 10 18653 v1 n19 1423 s2cid 52967399 lucy li and david bamman characterizing english variation across social media communities with bert transactions of the association for computational linguistics 9 2021 538 556 reif emily ann yuan martin wattenberg fernanda b viegas andy coenen adam pearce and been kim visualizing and measuring the geometry of bert advances in neural information processing systems 32 2019 1 2 asgari ehsaneddin mofrad mohammad r k 2015 continuous distributed representation of biological sequences for deep proteomics and genomics plos one 10 11 e0141287 arxiv 1503 05140 bibcode 2015ploso 1041287a doi 10 1371 journal pone 0141287 pmc 4640716 pmid 26555596 1 2 rabii younès cook michael 2021 10 04 revealing game dynamics via word embeddings of gameplay data proceedings of the aaai conference on artificial intelligence and interactive digital entertainment 17 1 187 194 doi 10 1609 aiide v17i1 18907 issn 2334 0924 s2cid 248175634 kiros ryan zhu yukun salakhutdinov ruslan zemel richard s torralba antonio urtasun raquel fidler sanja 2015 skip thought vectors arxiv 1506 06726 cs cl reimers nils and iryna gurevych sentence bert sentence embeddings using siamese bert networks in proceedings of the 2019 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing and the 9th international joint conference on natural language processing emnlp ijcnlp pp 3982 3992 2019 glove zhao jieyu et al 2018 2018 learning gender neutral word embeddings arxiv 1809 01496 cs cl elmo 16 october 2024 pires telmo schlinger eva garrette dan 2019 06 04 how multilingual is multilingual bert arxiv 1906 01502 cs cl gensim indra github 2018 10 25 ghassemi mohammad mark roger nemati shamim 2015 a visualization of evolving clinical sentiment using vector representations of clinical notes pdf 2015 computing in cardiology conference cinc vol 2015 pp 629 632 doi 10 1109 cic 2015 7410989 isbn 978 1 5090 0685 4 pmc 5070922 pmid 27774487 mcinnes leland healy john melville james 2020 09 18 umap uniform manifold approximation and projection for dimension reduction arxiv 1802 03426 stat ml embedding viewer embedding viewer lexical computing archived from the original on 8 february 2018 retrieved 7 feb 2018 bolukbasi tolga chang kai wei zou james saligrama venkatesh kalai adam 2016 man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker debiasing word embeddings arxiv 1607 06520 cs cl bolukbasi tolga chang kai wei zou james saligrama venkatesh kalai adam 2016 07 21 man is to computer programmer as woman is to homemaker debiasing word embeddings arxiv 1607 06520 cs cl dieng adji b ruiz francisco j r blei david m 2020 topic modeling in embedding spaces transactions of the association for computational linguistics 8 439 453 arxiv 1907 04907 doi 10 1162 tacl_a_00325 zhao jieyu wang tianlu yatskar mark ordonez vicente chang kai wei 2017 men also like shopping reducing gender bias amplification using corpus level constraints proceedings of the 2017 conference on empirical methods in natural language processing pp 2979 2989 doi 10 18653 v1 d17 1323 petreski davor hashim ibrahim c 2022 05 26 word embeddings are biased but whose bias are they reflecting ai society 38 2 975 982 doi 10 1007 s00146 022 01443 w issn 1435 5655 s2cid 249112516 v t e natural language processing general terms ai complete bag of words n gram bigram trigram computational linguistics natural language understanding stop words text processing text analysis argument mining collocation extraction concept mining coreference resolution deep linguistic processing distant reading information extraction knowledge extraction logic translation named entity recognition ontology learning parsing semantic syntactic part of speech tagging semantic analysis semantic role labeling semantic decomposition semantic similarity sentiment analysis stance detection stylometry adversarial terminology extraction text mining textual entailment truecasing word sense disambiguation word sense induction text segmentation compound term processing lemmatization lexical analysis text chunking stemming sentence segmentation word segmentation automatic summarization multi document summarization sentence extraction text simplification machine translation computer assisted example based rule based statistical transfer based neural distributional semantics models bert document term matrix explicit semantic analysis fasttext glove language model large small latent semantic analysis long short term memory seq2seq transformer word embedding word2vec language resources datasets and corpora types and standards corpus linguistics lexical resource linguistic linked open data machine readable dictionary parallel text propbank semantic network simple knowledge organization system speech corpus text corpus thesaurus information retrieval treebank universal dependencies data babelnet bank of english dbpedia framenet google ngram viewer uby wordnet wikidata automatic identification and data capture speech recognition speech segmentation speech synthesis natural language generation topic model document classification dynamic topic model latent dirichlet allocation pachinko allocation computer assisted reviewing automated essay scoring concordancer grammar checker predictive text pronunciation assessment spell checker natural language user interface chatbot interactive fiction prompt engineering question answering virtual assistant voice user interface visual linguistic automatic image annotation clip multimodal sentiment analysis optical character recognition vision language model vision language action model related formal semantics gensim hallucination language model benchmark natural language toolkit spacy v t e artificial intelligence ai history timeline glossary companies projects list of open source ai software concepts automated reasoning automated planning constraint satisfaction knowledge representation parameter hyperparameter loss functions regression bias variance tradeoff double descent overfitting clustering gradient descent sgd quasi newton method conjugate gradient method backpropagation attention convolution normalization batchnorm activation softmax sigmoid rectifier gating weight initialization regularization datasets augmentation prompt engineering reinforcement learning q learning sarsa imitation policy gradient diffusion latent diffusion model autoregression adversary rag uncanny valley llm post training rlhf self supervised learning reflection recursive self improvement hallucination word embedding vibe coding symbolic ai neuro symbolic ai applications automated theorem proving general game playing machine learning in context learning artificial neural network deep learning language model large nmt reasoning model context protocol intelligent agent ai agent artificial human companion humanity s last exam lethal autonomous weapons laws generative ai weak ai hypothetical artificial general intelligence agi artificial superintelligence asi agent2agent protocol physical ai implementations audio visual alexnet wavenet human image synthesis hwr ocr computer vision speech synthesis 15 ai elevenlabs speech recognition whisper facial recognition alphafold text to image models aurora dall e firefly flux gpt image ideogram imagen midjourney recraft stable diffusion text to video models dream machine runway gen hailuo ai kling sora seedance veo music generation riffusion suno udio world models genie oasis text list of large language models project debater ibm watson ibm watsonx decisional alphago alphazero openai five self driving car muzero action selection autogpt robot control reasoning systems deductive classifiers expert systems inference engines knowledge based systems logic programs procedural reasoning systems semantic reasoners rule based systems cognitive architectures act r soar clarion lida opencog knowledge bases conceptnet wikidata dbpedia yago people alan turing warren sturgis mcculloch walter pitts john von neumann christopher d manning claude shannon shun ichi amari kunihiko fukushima takeo kanade marvin minsky john mccarthy nathaniel rochester allen newell cliff shaw herbert a simon oliver selfridge frank rosenblatt bernard widrow joseph weizenbaum seymour papert seppo linnainmaa paul werbos geoffrey hinton john hopfield jürgen schmidhuber yann lecun yoshua bengio lotfi a zadeh stephen grossberg alex graves james goodnight andrew ng fei fei li alex krizhevsky ilya sutskever oriol vinyals quoc v le ian goodfellow demis hassabis david silver andrej karpathy ashish vaswani noam shazeer aidan gomez john schulman mustafa suleyman jan leike daniel kokotajlo françois chollet neural network architectures neural turing machine differentiable neural computer transformer vision transformer vit recurrent neural network rnn long short term memory lstm gated recurrent unit gru echo state network multilayer perceptron mlp convolutional neural network cnn residual neural network rnn highway network mamba autoencoder variational autoencoder vae generative adversarial network gan graph neural network gnn political ai cold war ai in government ai safety alignment ai takeover elections ethics of ai eu ai act nationalism precautionary principle regulation of ai us virtual politician propaganda social and economic ai boom ai bubble ai data center ai effect ai infrastructure ai literacy ai slop ai winter anthropomorphism arms race competition environmental impact explainable ai generative engine optimization in architecture in education in fiction in healthcare chatbot psychosis in marketing in video games in visual art military applications ai warfare workplace impact category retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title word_embedding oldid 1369691723 categories language modeling artificial neural networks natural language processing computational linguistics semantic relations hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata cs1 maint publisher location cs1 errors isbn date all articles lacking reliable references articles lacking reliable references from may 2024 all articles containing circular references cs1 long volume value this page was last edited on 16 august 2026 at 15 06 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered 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