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money nida hopes keeping tabs on the researchers will push the winning ideas toward the complete development of new therapies potential abounds but what about results according to william stephen brimijoin a researcher in molecular pharmacology and experimental therapeutics at the mayo clinic and a winner of the award a government focus on human application is vital to making progress on addiction treatment according to brimijoin nida should be commended for selecting promising clinical research projects and cultivating them for human applications if some of these projects do result in a useful therapeutic agent we should all celebrate said brimijoin right now we just don t know which projects will go all the way to real human applications posted by unknown at 1 29 pm no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest friday january 7 2011 vaccine autism research fraud for over a decade controversy has raged about whether or not vaccinating children causes them to develop autism british doctor andrew wakefield published a study in 1998 that claimed there was a solid link between the mmr vaccine measles mumps and rubella and autism in children the study induced panic among parents world wide who refused to have their children vaccinated measles virus source wikimedia commons since wakefield s original study 12 years ago 14 independent studies have found absolutely no link between the vaccine and autism yet to this day parents still refuse to have their children vaccinated this has led to a surge in the numbers of measles mumps and rubella cases last year the british medical journal bmj the lancet issued a full retraction of wakefield s study and he was stripped of his medical license in england now the bmj has published the results of an investigation into wakefield calling him a fraud the investigation led the bmj to conclude that wakefield was not only unethical in his research he also fabricated data essentially the guy made stuff up he scared parents and confused them about what was the best course of action to care for their children and ultimately numerous children became seriously ill with preventable diseases this is infuriating it makes me mad that even with all the precautions and restrictions we impose peer review for one bullshit research still manages to get published in a reputable journal causing people to panic this case is pretty notable for the way that the belief of a link between vaccines and autism has persisted even though the medical community considers the theory completely debunked i hope that the media will step up and disseminate the relatively new idea that there is no link to help combat the misinformation that has already become so widespread posted by unknown at 12 10 pm no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest wednesday january 5 2011 bubble tip anemone the picture of the day on wikipedia commons was science related so i thought i d re post it it is the entacmaea quadricolor also known as the bubble tip anemone posted by unknown at 4 57 pm no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest biotech s new hot shot there was an interesting article in the new york times today yes i was magically granted access to their website again not sure why but i m glad by andrew pollack taking dna sequencing to the masses takes an in depth look at the work of jonathan m rothberg dr rothberg is the founder of the genome sequencing company ion torrent the article looks at ion torrent s role in providing cheap under 50 000 sequencing technology with the launch of their personal genome machine the technology isn t intended for the general public but will make obtaining a sequencing system more feasible for smaller universities and clinics that can t afford larger machines the article draws a parallel between rothberg and apple founder steve jobs on several occasions pollack paints rothberg as a bit of a rebellious nerd who certainly has high hopes for his company and the technology they are developing pollack ends the article with rothberg saying that he believes that genome sequencing will become as useful for medical applications as imaging like x rays cat scans etc i like this article because statements like that aren t blown out of proportion i think that for an article that is focused on what can be achieved in the future the ideas all stay grounded in what is really feasible which can sometimes be difficult in a science technology article posted by unknown at 4 54 pm no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest usgs says the nose knows prominent lake toxins i wrote this article for my j800 class last semester at the beginning of october unfortunately i wasn t able to get it published in any of the local papers when it was still timely but the nice thing about having a blog is that i can use it to publish pieces that don t get picked up elsewhere so here you go a u s geological survey study has found that cyanotoxins in midwest lakes emit odors adding smell to the public s arsenal against exposure to hazardous aquatic toxins before you enter your local lake stop and smell the water a new study shows that lakes in the throes of a toxic algae bloom give off a characteristic scent that can warn people to stay away according to the united states geological survey usgs the findings should help the public identify hazardous lakes based on their smell reducing the instance of cyanotoxin related illness cyanotoxins pose the largest hazard to human health during recreational activities so public health is one of the motivations behind studies of these toxins said jennifer graham a researcher at the usgs kansas water science center and lead researcher on the study simply avoiding lakes with algae isn t a realistic way for residents to stay safe because algae occurs naturally and is not usually harmful according to graham residents need new ways to tell whether specific algae blooms contain toxic compounds the researchers tested for chemical signatures that indicate the presence of odor and found that cyanobacteria blooms give the water what graham describes as a musty smell the study showed the odor consistently occurs when toxins are present but toxins can occur without the odor according to graham this makes smell a useful indication that toxins are present but not something the public can rely on with absolute certainty smell is something that anybody should be able to use the human nose is very sensitive to the compounds produced by the cyanobacteria it is musty and might smell like dirt and so that could be used to evaluate a situation said graham from a recreational perspective it is useful because odor gives a cue that there might be something of concern going on in an area would your nose know while graham maintains that the odors given off by toxic algae blooms are distinctive enough to identify a toxic bloom some madison residents have doubts university of wisconsin madison uw madison sophomore martin feehan doesn t think smell is a reliable way to identify cyanotoxin episodes in wisconsin s lakes feehan is president of hoofer scuba a recreational group at uw that uses the lakes surrounding campus regularly i think smell could be a good way but it could also be misleading because the different smells in the lake could come from several sources said feehan according to feehan the decomposition of plant material or fish could easily cause earthy musty smells at the lakes that could be confused with the toxin scent feehan says participating in hoofer scuba has made him aware of cyanotoxins but the group does not actively look for toxic blooms instead they rely on notices from the madison department of public health we have warnings that go up at the boathouse if there are blooms said feehan todd miller a postdoctoral researcher at uw madison is wary of encouraging the public to sniff out cyanotoxins miller who holds a doctorate in marine estuarine environmental sciences from the university of maryland college park has worked as a postdoctoral researcher in the laboratory of trina mcmahon since 2007 the study is intriguing and i think opens the door to potential new methods for early toxic bloom detection said miller in an email message but there are many sources of the odor compounds the researchers measured and as the study shows toxins can be present in the water at dangerous levels even when the odor compounds are not present according to miller smelling the lakes to identify the presence of toxins is unreliable it is probably not reasonable to expect the public to identify toxic or non toxic waters based on smell said miller i tell people to enjoy the lakes but don t swallow the water pay attention to public warning signs by the health department and don t enter the water if the lakes are closed to recreation graham says smell is not the only one way that the public should identify potentially toxic blooms and advocates using multiple means to avoid exposure to cyanotoxins including visual cues green or red tint to the water or scum floating on the water s surface and checking for warning notices before entering a lake a persistent problem cyanobacteria and the toxins they produce are a problem that has affected midwest lakes for several years according to the global lake ecological observatory network and the uw center for limnology nine beaches in madison were closed due to cyanotoxins in july 2009 the largest cyanotoxin episode in wisconsin that year according to graham cyanobacteria are microorganisms that occur naturally in aquatic ecosystems as part of algae blooms some of these blooms contain cyanobacteria which can create toxic chemical compounds that can be dangerous the three main types of toxins are dermatoxins which cause skin or respiratory reactions after direct contact hepatotoxins which are absorbed by the liver and cause gastroenteritis and neurotoxins which are absorbed by the central nervous system though cyanobacteria exist naturally in lakes according to graham the toxins they produce become problematic when they occur in increasingly large concentrations this happens when algae the bacteria thrive on grow rapidly cyanobacteria blooms are a natural phenomenon but they can be aggravated by human activities said graham these activities include land development that causes soil to erode and runoff from farms or landscaping that washes fertilizer and soil into lakes according to graham in addition to testing for odors this study was the first to quantify the presence of multiple toxins in a single algae bloom the study evaluated lakes in missouri kansas iowa and minnesota chosen because they have long standing cyanobacteria problems until next year with the outdoor recreational season ending and midwest residents heading back to land graham miller and feehan agree that cyanotoxins remain a pressing issue cyanotoxins are continuously researched miller is studying how environmental factors like temperature and ph influence the production of toxins in freshwater lakes and graham is working to identify what organisms produce cyanotoxins and why cyanobacterial blooms are an issue that has been exacerbated by human activities so it won t be an easy issue to solve because it is something that has evolved over time says graham but with public education and increased information about what hazards are in natural water bodies the incidents of human illness and animal illness from recreational exposure can really be reduced for water enthusiasts like hoofer scuba s feehan research like miller and graham s is a step in the right direction because staying out of the water every time there is a toxic bloom isn t sustainable i understand that the algae is toxic and can cause health problems said feehan but it makes people lose out on fishing and other water activities so i think something definitely needs to be done to fix the situation the research paper cyanotoxin mixtures and taste and odor compounds in cyanobacterial blooms from the midwestern united states was published in the september 2010 issue of environmental science and technology posted by unknown at 3 51 pm no comments email this blogthis share to x share to facebook share to pinterest tuesday january 4 2011 blackbird homicide i hope everyone had a great start to the new year over my weekend blogging hiatus the big science story in the us was the mysterious death of thousands of birds on new year s eve in arkansas source wikimedia commons more than 3 000 blackbirds fell in the town of beebe ak and samples have been taken for analysis to determine what could have killed the birds in one mass attack initial reports said that the birds have died due to trauma they fell out of the sky so clearly that was a shocking conclusion now the arkansas game and fish commission is reporting that fireworks launched to commemorate the new year caused the birds demise however today it was reported that approximately 500 red winged blackbirds the same species found dead in arkansas and starlings fell from the sky in labarre louisiana hundreds of miles south of the original bird deaths early reports from louisiana also state that the birds suffered some trauma although an official cause has yet to be determined one theory on the mysterious deaths is that the mere sound of new year s fireworks could have startled the birds causing them to fly into buildings or billboards although you have to wonder why we ve never heard of fireworks launched every year for new year s the fourth of july weddings fairs and numerous other events causing birds to die in large concentrated groups i think that we re definitely going to have to stay tuned to this story to see what happens after the birds from louisiana are analyzed more closely and also watch to see if more birds die in other areas which most certainly wouldn t 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