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e fia addressing concerns to reduce the speeds attained in sports car racing following the disastrous accident at le mans in 1955 127 shifted focus from appendix c sports cars to production based gt cars of appendix j 124 the previous world sportscar championship title was discontinued being replaced by the international championship for gt manufacturers 128 129 won by the ferrari 250 gto in 1962 1963 and 1964 130 131 cobra ferrari wars edit the period 1963 1965 is famous for the cobra ferrari wars 131 a rivalry between american former racing driver and le mans winner carroll shelby le mans 1959 aston martin dbr1 300 130 and enzo ferrari whose 250 gts were the dominant grand touring cars of the time shelby retired from driving due to a heart condition 130 132 returning to california from europe in 1959 with the idea to marry the ac ace sports car chassis with ford s v 8 small block engine the resulting shelby ac cobra was a sales success 132 shelby like enzo ferrari sold road cars to support his racing team and like ferrari the cobra was a success on the track at least on the short circuits common in the united states 132 on the longer tracks prevalent in europe however the cobra s crude aerodynamics could not compete with the sleek 180 mph ferrari 250 gtos even fitted with a removable roof the cobra s top speed was 150 mph 133 130 at the 1963 24 hours of le mans a cobra placed seventh ferraris placed first to sixth 134 shelby team engineer pete brock 130 hand designed a kamm backed aerodynamic body for the cobra creating the shelby daytona coupe and a showdown with ferrari was set 134 135 in testing the shelby daytona coupe attained a top speed of 196 mph 130 and went on to win the gt class at the 1964 24 hours of le mans 136 shelby had beaten ferrari on the biggest stage however the fast and reliable ferrari 250 gtos were again victorious in the 1964 international championship for gt manufacturers the championship was controversial enzo ferrari with only a narrow points lead over shelby attempted to have the radical new mid engined ferrari lm250 homologated for the final championship round at monza in italy when the fia turned ferrari down ferrari withdrew the race organisers auto club d italia fearing a financial disaster from the withdrawal of the famous italian team canceled the event and ferrari was crowned world champion in the aftermath ferrari declared he would never race gts again and for 1965 the rivalry with ferrari 137 was taken up by ford motor company and the ford gt40 also mid engined in the sports car divisions 138 139 in 1965 with shelby s race team now dedicated to the gt40 the daytona coupes were entrusted to alan mann racing in the united kingdom and easily won the gt world championship 140 from 1966 the fia returned its world championship focus to the sports car division but gt entries remained an important feature of international sports car racing 141 shelby ac cobra hardtop 1964 ferrari 250 gto 1964 shelby daytona coupe 1964 british grand tourers 1946 1963 edit while italy was the home of the gran turismo of all the other european nations that took the concept up it was britain that was most enthusiastic 142 1946 healey elliot edit before donald healey turned to production of the small light and inexpensive austin healey 100 sports car in 1952 he had brought to market a fast and aerodynamic 2 1 2 litre riley powered healey elliot 143 closed saloon named for the coach builder claimed to be the fastest closed car of its day only 101 were made before production was given over to the successful new sports car 142 1947 bristol 400 406 edit immediately following the second world war h j aldington 144 pre war frazer nash manufacturer and bmw importer sought out bmw s badly bombed munich factory and there discovered the special bodied open bmw 328 duly returning with it to britain with a view to building fraser nash bmws with the aid of key former bmw personnel the bristol aeroplane company looking to enter the car sector acquired a majority shareholding there were government concerns about using german engineers and in the end only fritz fiedler was involved as consultant to bristol s own engineers by the time the new car debuted at the 1947 geneva motor show it was known simply as the bristol 400 142 the bristol 400 was essentially a hand built to aircraft industry standards bmw 327 two door coupe mounted on a bmw 326 chassis powered by the legendary 2 litre bmw 328 engine it was fast 90 mph but expensive the 1948 401 featured an improved aerodynamic body in the lightweight touring superleggera fashion and the 1953 403 boasted improved suspension brakes and gearbox while power was boosted from 85 to 100 bhp the 1954 short chassis 404 had a completely new body and top speed was up to 110 mph the 1958 406 was the last of the bmw powered versions and was produced until 1961 after which they were superseded by a range of automatic transmission equipped and chrysler v8 powered bristols with the engines rebuilt by bristol engineers and fitted with high lift camshafts and mechanical lifters 142 1953 aston martin db2 edit david brown purchased the aston martin concern in 1947 and the company was effectively reborn for the post war era unlike the bristol the aston martin db2 which debuted at the 1949 motor show as a prototype le mans racer was an all british affair the 2 6 litre twin overhead camshaft lagonda engine was designed by w o bentley brown having also purchased the lagonda company brown decided on a closed coupé body in the latest italian tradition rather than the traditional aston martin open two seater sports car the 1950 production db2 was a styling triumph for designer frank feeley and brown later recalled that many believed the car styled in italy the 105 bhp db2 was a genuine 110 mph grand tourer in 1951 came the more powerful optional 125 bhp vantage version in its original form the db2 was a two seater the 1953 db2 4 added a 2 2 and hatchback arrangement and a 3 litre engine in 1954 a mark ii version with tickford coachwork appeared in 1955 brown had purchased this company too the mark iii version from 1957 to 1959 developed 162 bhp and was available with 180 and 195 bhp high output engine options 142 1946 1950 healey elliott 1948 1953 bristol 401 1950 1953 aston martin db2 1953 1957 aston martin db2 4 1958 1963 aston martin db4 see also edit cruiser and touring motorcycle for the motorcycle equivalents endurance racing references edit 1 2 stanford john 1957 the sports car development and design b t batsford p 179 isbn 9781135518684 a newer concept altogether is the modern gran turismo class which was in effect unknown before world war ii sustained high speed motoring from relatively modest engine size and compact closed coachwork cite book isbn date incompatibility help 1 2 3 4 5 wood jonathan 1991 speed in style the origins and development of the grand touring car patrick stephens p 11 isbn 9781852600808 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 dawson sam 2007 gt the world s best gt cars 1953 1973 veloce isbn 9781845840600 retrieved 16 may 2014 1 2 3 wood pp 50 51 vittorio jano the motorsport memorial retrieved 17 june 2017 botsford keith 24 september 2015 the pride and passion of enzo ferrari car archive august 1977 car magazine retrieved 17 june 2017 enzo ferrari biography grand prix history retrieved 17 june 2017 1 2 silva allesandro giovanni lurani obit historicracing com archived from the original on 7 may 2016 retrieved 15 february 2016 english andrew 6 june 2014 mercedes benz 300sl gullwing review telegraph co uk retrieved 17 june 2017 jedlicka dan mercedes benz 300sl coupe history danjedlicka com retrieved 17 june 2017 osborne donald 18 march 2007 max hoffman made imports less foreign to americans the new york times issn 0362 4331 retrieved 17 june 2017 parker john i 13 may 2014 luigi chinetti s life was dedicated to motorsport petrolicious retrieved 17 june 2017 siano joseph 20 august 1994 luigi chinetti sr 93 automobile importer and champion racer the new york times issn 0362 4331 retrieved 17 june 2017 vaughn mark 13 october 2014 60 years of ferrari in america celebrated on rodeo drive autoweek retrieved 17 june 2017 1 2 classic ferrari 250 gto set to become world s most expensive car with 45 million price tag the daily telegraph retrieved 21 january 2017 acton gemma 12 december 2016 this 1962 ferrari could be set to be the world s most expensive car nbc news retrieved 17 june 2017 the 1950s imported cars wasn t much of a threat to the big three anything about cars retrieved 17 june 2017 made in japan california 7 5 8 129 1982 retrieved 6 december 2015 current events financial mail 442 1983 retrieved 6 december 2015 clarke r m 1990 shelby cobra gold portfolio 1962 1969 revised ed brooklands books p 80 isbn 9781855200234 retrieved 6 december 2015 roberts peter 1984 history of the automobile exeter books p 197 isbn 9780671071486 retrieved 6 december 2015 severson aaron 15 august 2009 from pillar to post more automotive definitions ate up with motor retrieved 17 june 2017 roumeliotis james 3 april 2016 catering to a luxury lifestyle definition and execution jdrazure wordpress com retrieved 17 june 2017 1966 1967 ferrari 275 gran turismo berlinetta competizione scaglietti topspeed com 26 december 2014 retrieved 7 march 2019 audi 80 gt ringing the changes influx co uk 13 march 2017 retrieved 7 march 2019 what does golf gti stand for volkswagensantamonica com retrieved 7 march 2019 ferrari 250 gto 1962 gran turismo omologato per i 39 esemplari della rossa più famosa motorionline com in italian retrieved 7 march 2019 the definition of gran turismo omologato dictionary com retrieved 7 march 2019 1985 alfa romeo gtv6 gran turismo veloce davidsclassiccars com retrieved 7 march 2019 this emphasis found favor with post war british commentators as an english definition of the grand tourer for reference see les grandes routières france s classic grand tourers stobbs william 1990 and gt the world s best gt cars 1953 to 1973 dawson sam 2007 for examplars see bugatti type 57s aérolithe aéro coupé atlantic 1935 1938 and talbot lago t26 grand sport 1948 1951 wood p 25 velocetoday online magazine for italian car enthusiasts velocetoday com retrieved 2 september 2016 1 2 vack pete the development of the grand touring car veloce today retrieved 13 february 2021 1 2 tipler john 18 march 2016 alfa romeo berlinas veloce publishing isbn 9781845849641 mille miglia 1931 racing sports cars retrieved 15 february 2016 mille miglia 1932 racing sports cars retrieved 10 march 2016 melissen wouter 29 march 2005 1927 1929 alfa romeo 6c 1500 sports two seater ultimatecarpage com retrieved 13 february 2021 1 2 lancia aurelia motor sport magazine 7 july 2014 retrieved 20 april 2017 fiat siata balilla berlinetta ghia racing sports cars racingsportscars com retrieved 18 april 2017 fiat 508cs mm berlinetta ghia racing sports cars racingsportscars com retrieved 18 april 2017 1 2 vack pete balilla berlinetta 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berlinetta ultimatecarpage com retrieved 4 march 2016 0070m 51 212 mm export berlinetta vignale barchetta cc retrieved 4 march 2016 1951 ferrari 212 export conceptcarz com retrieved 2 march 2016 1951 ferrari 212 mm conceptcarz com retrieved 2 march 2016 d s j the development of the 250gt ferrari motor sport march 1963 174 europa 1951 race results racing sports cars retrieved 4 march 2016 212 mm export berlinetta vignale barchetta cc retrieved 4 march 2016 212 export s n 0092e barchetta cc retrieved 10 march 2016 coppa della toscana 1951 race results racing sports cars retrieved 10 march 2016 non championship races 1951 world sports racing prototypes retrieved 10 march 2016 the ex franco cornacchia 1953 coppa intereuropa winning 1952 ferrari 212 225 inter berlinetta 0237eu bonhams com retrieved 10 march 2016 1951 1952 ferrari 212 export supercars net 16 april 2016 retrieved 2 march 2016 1951 1958 lancia aurelia b20 gt coupé supercars net 21 april 2016 retrieved 30 november 2016 mille miglia 1951 race results racing sports cars racingsportscars com retrieved 2 september 2016 coppa d oro story barchetta cc retrieved 2 september 2016 1951 ex mille miglia ex le mans lancia aurelia b20gt thornley kelham thornleykelham com archived from the original on 5 august 2021 retrieved 2 september 2016 1 2 1953 fiat 8v coupé by ghia rm sotheby s 18 october 2017 retrieved 11 march 2016 quarta coppa della toscana 1952 race results racing sports cars retrieved 11 march 2016 12 h pescara 1952 race results racin sports cars retrieved 11 march 2016 timeline zagato zagato archived from the original on 28 march 2017 retrieved 28 march 2017 elio zagato racing sports cars retrieved 11 march 2016 buckley martin 26 october 2009 elio zagato obituary the guardian issn 0261 3077 retrieved 28 march 2017 1 2 stanford john 1957 since the war the sports car development and design b t batsford pp 178 212 book review motor sport magazine archive june 1947 retrieved 20 may 2017 books for christmas motor sport magazine archive december 1957 retrieved 20 may 2017 mercedes benz 300 sl gullwing w 198 mercedes benz com 19 december 2014 retrieved 20 may 2017 1 2 3 the development of the 250gt ferrari motor sport 174 march 1963 wittigo einsiedel d racing sports cars racingsportscars com retrieved 21 january 2017 1 2 the development of the 250gt ferrari motor sport march 175 1963 the real story of the man known as portago archived feature retrieved 20 january 2017 1 2 the development of the ferrari 250 gt motor sport march 179 1963 mille miglia classic car trust 19 august 2016 retrieved 29 february 2016 mille migllia history grand classic tours retrieved 29 february 2016 mille miglia grandprixhistory org november 2007 retrieved 29 february 2016 this was mille migla 2015 classic driver retrieved 29 february 2016 wood pp 30 31 csai csai aci it retrieved 21 january 2017 the golden era of gp racing 1934 40 goldenera fi archived from the original on 21 october 2021 retrieved 9 march 2025 the 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