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kubota, masaaki, characteristics, 955, 0584, 8547, 80084, 1994acspb, 955n, supporting, online, material, values, upon, fundamental, domanskaya, alexandra, akimov, misochko, eugenii, hccngf, 4187, 20205379, 10138, 23938, jp1001622, 4181k, 4181, manna, debashree, ghosh, ayan, xrgco, 14292, 24295279, jp410631y, 11714282m, 14282, sheng, hydrocarbons, 7157, 16734457, ja0613355, 2006jachs, 7156s, 7156, peng, chia, chang, lun, ping, fngcc, 194303, 23181302, 4766326, 137s4303p, mohajeri, afshan, bitaab, nafiseh, investigating, 24804, yockel, gawlik, evan, wilson, angela, xngccx, xngccngx, 11268, 17880047, jp071242p, 11111261y, 11261, 6417, 1613631, 6415c, 6415, karwowska, małgorzata, fijalkowski, karol, remeš, marek, jz900274p, lockyer, hccrg, 7128, adeleke, adebayo, kunz, greenberg, eran, prakapenka, vitali, yao, yansun, stavrou, elissaios, 2524, 210511220, 1575040, osti, acsearthspacechem, 9b00212, 2019esc, 2517a, 2517, dalton, louisa, news, cooker, thibaud, jean, rouquette, jérôme, dziubek, 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hat was liberated when the rock was dissolved in acid 169 however how the argon was combined in rock was ignored by the scientific community 170 fullerene solvates edit solid buckminsterfullerene has small spaces between the c 60 balls under 200 mpa 2 000 atm pressure and 200 c 473 k heat for 12 hours argon can be intercalated into the solid to form crystalline ar 1 c 60 once this cools down it is stable at standard conditions for months argon atoms occupy octahedral interstitial sites the crystalline lattice size is almost unchanged at room temperature but is slightly larger than pure c 60 below 8 c 265 k however argon does stop the buckyballs spinning below 23 c 250 k a lower temperature than in pure c 60 171 solid c 70 fullerene will also absorb argon under pressure of 200 mpa and at a temperature of 200 c 473 k c 70 ar has argon in octahedral sites and has the rock salt structure with cubic crystals in which the lattice parameter is 15 001 å this compares to the pure c 70 lattice parameter of 14 964 å so the argon forces the crystals to expand slightly the c 70 ellipsoidal balls rotate freely in the solid they are not locked into position by extra argon atoms filling the holes argon gradually escapes over a couple of days when the solid is stored at standard conditions so that c 70 ar is less stable than c 60 ar this is likely to be due to the shape and internal rotation allowing channels through which ar atoms can move 172 when fullerenes are dissolved and crystallized from toluene solids may form with toluene included as part of the crystal however if this crystallization is performed under a high pressure argon atmosphere toluene is not included being replaced by argon the argon is then removed from the resultant crystal by heating to produce unsolvated solid fullerene 173 clathrate edit argon forms a clathrate with hydroquinone hoc 6 h 4 oh 3 ar 174 when crystallised from benzene under a pressure of 2 0 mpa 20 atm of argon a well defined structure containing argon results 175 an argon phenol clathrate 4c 6 h 5 oh ar is also known it has a binding energy of 40 kj 9 6 kcal mol 1 170 other substituted phenols can also crystallise with argon 174 the argon water clathrate is described in the section on aqueous argon argon difluoride edit argon difluoride arf 2 is predicted to be stable at pressures over 57 gpa it should be an electrical insulator 176 ne 2 ar and ar 2 ne edit at around 4 k there are two phases where neon and argon are mixed as a solid ne 2 ar and ar 2 ne 177 with kr solid argon forms a disorganized mixture 178 arh 4 edit under high pressure stoichiometric solids are formed with hydrogen and oxygen ar h 2 2 and ar o 2 3 179 ar h 2 2 crystallises in the hexagonal c14 mgzn 2 laves phase it is stable to at least 200 gpa but is predicted to change at 250 gpa to an alb 2 structure at even higher pressures the hydrogen molecules should break up followed by metallization 179 aro and aro 6 edit oxygen and argon under pressure at room temperature form several different alloys with different crystal structures argon atoms and oxygen molecules are similar in size so that a greater range of miscibility occurs compared to other gas mixtures solid argon can dissolve up to 5 oxygen without changing structure below 50 oxygen a hexagonal close packed phase exists this is stable from about 3 to 8 5 gpa typical formula is aro with more oxygen between 5 5 and 7 gpa a cubic pm 3 n structure exists but under higher pressure it changes to a i 4 2 d space group form with more than 8 5 gpa these alloys separate to solid argon and ε oxygen the cubic structure has a unit cell edge of 5 7828 å at 6 9 gpa the representative formula is ar o 2 3 180 arhe 2 edit using density functional theory arhe 2 is predicted to exist with the mgcu 2 laves phase structure at high pressures below 13 8 gpa above 13 8 gpa it transforms to alb 2 structure 181 ar ton edit under pressure argon inserts into zeolite argon has an atomic radius of 1 8 å so it can insert into pores if they are big enough each unit cell of the ton zeolite can contain up to 5 atoms of argon compared to 12 of neon argon infused ton zeolite ar ton is more compressible than ne ton as the unoccupied pores become elliptical under increased pressure when ar ton is brought to atmospheric pressure the argon only desorbs slowly so that some remains in the solid without external pressure for a day 182 nickel argide edit at 140 gpa and 1 230 c 1 500 k nickel and argon form an alloy niar 183 niar is stable at room temperature and a pressure as low as 99 gpa it has a face centred cubic fcc structure the compound is metallic each nickel atom loses 0 2 electrons to an argon atom which is thereby an oxidant this contrasts with ni 3 xe in which nickel is the oxidant the volume of the arni compound is 5 less than that of the separate elements at these pressures if this compound exists in the core of the earth it could explain why only half the argon 40 that should be produced during the radioactive decay that produces geothermal heating seems to exist on the earth 184 organoargon chemistry edit organoargon chemistry describes the synthesis and properties of chemical compounds containing a carbon to argon chemical bond very few such compounds are known the reaction of acetylene dications with argon produced hccar 2 in 2008 185 reaction of the cf 3 2 dication with argon produced arcf 2 2 this reaction is unique to argon among the noble gases 186 the compound farcch has been theoretically studied and is predicted to be stable 187 farccf might also be stable enough to synthesise and detect but probably not farccarf 188 calculations in 2015 suggest that farcch and farch 3 are stable but not farcn 189 farcc should be kinetically stable as is also expected of the krypton and xenon but not helium analogues 190 harc 4 h for which the krypton analogue is known and harc 6 h have also been predicted as stable 191 farco and clarco should be metastable and might be possible to characterise under cryogenic conditions 192 calculations suggest that harccf and hccarf should be stable and that hngccf molecules should be more stable than hngcch ng ar kr xe the corresponding krypton species have been experimentally produced but not the argon species despite an experimental attempt hccngcn and hccngnc ng ar kr xe are likewise computed to be stable but experimental searches for them have failed 193 references edit 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 schilke p neufeld d a müller h s p comito c bergin e a lis d c gerin m black j h wolfire m indriolo n pearson j c menten k m winkel b sánchez monge á möller t godard b falgarone e 4 june 2014 ubiquitous argonium arh in the diffuse interstellar medium a molecular tracer of almost purely atomic gas astronomy astrophysics 566 a29 arxiv 1403 7902 bibcode 2014a a 566a 29s doi 10 1051 0004 6361 201423727 s2cid 44021593 1 2 shayeghi armin johnston roy l rayner david m schäfer rolf fielicke andré 1 september 2015 the nature of bonding 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