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37 908 64 30 64 peaks are at 1 8gib s read also in the 64k job like above but much faster the write is as expected much slower at 70mib s compared to 1gib s but it should be noted the sync write doesn t degrade performance compared to async writes although it s still below the lvm 300mb s conclusions really zfs has trouble performing in all write conditions the random 4k sync write test is the only place where zfs outperforms lvm in writes and barely 7mib s vs 3mib s everywhere else writes are much slower sometimes by an order of magnitude and before some zfs zealot jumps in talking about the slog or some other cache that could be added to improved performance i ll remind you that those numbers are on a bare bones nvme drive pretty much as fast storage as you can find on this machine adding another nvme drive as a cache probably will not improve write performance here still those are very different results than the tests performed by salter which shows zfs beating traditional configurations in all categories but uncached 4k reads not writes that said those tests are very different from the tests i performed here where i test writes on a single disk not a raid array which might explain the discrepancy also note that neither lvm or zfs manage to reach the 2400mb s read and 1750mb s write performance specification zfs does manage to reach 82 of the read performance 1973mb s and lvm 64 of the write performance 1120mb s lvm hits 57 of the read performance and zfs hits barely 6 of the write performance overall i m a bit disappointed in the zfs write performance here i must say maybe i need to tweak the record size or some other zfs voodoo but i ll note that i didn t have to do any such configuration on the other side to kick zfs in the pants real world experience this section document not synthetic backups but actual real world workloads comparing before and after i switched my workstation to zfs docker performance i had the feeling that running some git hook which was firing a docker container was slower somehow it seems that at runtime zfs backends are significant slower than their overlayfs ext4 equivalent may 16 14 42 52 curie systemd 1 home docker overlay2 17e4d24228decc2d2d493efc401dbfb7ac29739da0e46775e122078d9daf3e87 x2dinit merged mount succeeded may 16 14 42 52 curie systemd 5161 home docker overlay2 17e4d24228decc2d2d493efc401dbfb7ac29739da0e46775e122078d9daf3e87 x2dinit merged mount succeeded may 16 14 42 52 curie systemd 1 home docker overlay2 17e4d24228decc2d2d493efc401dbfb7ac29739da0e46775e122078d9daf3e87 merged mount succeeded may 16 14 42 53 curie dockerd 1723 time 2022 05 16t14 42 53 087219426 04 00 level info msg starting signal loop namespace moby path run docker containerd daemon io containerd runtime v2 task moby af22586fba07014a4d10ab19da10cf280db7a43cad804d6c1e9f2682f12b5f10 pid 151170 may 16 14 42 53 curie systemd 1 started libcontainer container af22586fba07014a4d10ab19da10cf280db7a43cad804d6c1e9f2682f12b5f10 may 16 14 42 54 curie systemd 1 docker af22586fba07014a4d10ab19da10cf280db7a43cad804d6c1e9f2682f12b5f10 scope succeeded may 16 14 42 54 curie dockerd 1723 time 2022 05 16t14 42 54 047297800 04 00 level info msg shim disconnected id af22586fba07014a4d10ab19da10cf280db7a43cad804d6c1e9f2682f12b5f10 may 16 14 42 54 curie dockerd 998 time 2022 05 16t14 42 54 051365015 04 00 level info msg ignoring event container af22586fba07014a4d10ab19da10cf280db7a43cad804d6c1e9f2682f12b5f10 module libcontainerd namespace moby topic tasks delete type events taskdelete may 16 14 42 54 curie systemd 2444 run docker netns f5453c87c879 mount succeeded may 16 14 42 54 curie systemd 5161 run docker netns f5453c87c879 mount succeeded may 16 14 42 54 curie systemd 2444 home docker overlay2 17e4d24228decc2d2d493efc401dbfb7ac29739da0e46775e122078d9daf3e87 merged mount succeeded may 16 14 42 54 curie systemd 5161 home docker overlay2 17e4d24228decc2d2d493efc401dbfb7ac29739da0e46775e122078d9daf3e87 merged mount succeeded may 16 14 42 54 curie systemd 1 run docker netns f5453c87c879 mount succeeded may 16 14 42 54 curie systemd 1 home docker overlay2 17e4d24228decc2d2d493efc401dbfb7ac29739da0e46775e122078d9daf3e87 merged mount succeeded translating this container setup 1 second container runtime 1 second container teardown 1 second total runtime 2 3 seconds obviously those timestamps are not quite accurate enough to make precise measurements after i switched to zfs mai 30 15 31 39 curie systemd 1 var lib docker zfs graph 41ce08fb7a1d3a9c101694b82722f5621c0b4819bd1d9f070933fd1e00543cdf x2dinit mount succeeded mai 30 15 31 39 curie systemd 5287 var lib docker zfs graph 41ce08fb7a1d3a9c101694b82722f5621c0b4819bd1d9f070933fd1e00543cdf x2dinit mount succeeded mai 30 15 31 40 curie systemd 1 var lib docker zfs graph 41ce08fb7a1d3a9c101694b82722f5621c0b4819bd1d9f070933fd1e00543cdf mount succeeded mai 30 15 31 40 curie systemd 5287 var lib docker zfs graph 41ce08fb7a1d3a9c101694b82722f5621c0b4819bd1d9f070933fd1e00543cdf mount succeeded mai 30 15 31 41 curie dockerd 3199 time 2022 05 30t15 31 41 551403693 04 00 level info msg starting signal loop namespace moby path run docker containerd daemon io containerd runtime v2 task moby 42a1a1ed5912a7227148e997f442e7ab2e5cc3558aa3471548223c5888c9b142 pid 141080 mai 30 15 31 41 curie systemd 1 run docker runtime x2drunc moby 42a1a1ed5912a7227148e997f442e7ab2e5cc3558aa3471548223c5888c9b142 runc zvcjvl mount succeeded mai 30 15 31 41 curie systemd 5287 run docker runtime x2drunc moby 42a1a1ed5912a7227148e997f442e7ab2e5cc3558aa3471548223c5888c9b142 runc zvcjvl mount succeeded mai 30 15 31 41 curie systemd 1 started libcontainer container 42a1a1ed5912a7227148e997f442e7ab2e5cc3558aa3471548223c5888c9b142 mai 30 15 31 45 curie systemd 1 docker 42a1a1ed5912a7227148e997f442e7ab2e5cc3558aa3471548223c5888c9b142 scope succeeded mai 30 15 31 45 curie dockerd 3199 time 2022 05 30t15 31 45 883019128 04 00 level info msg shim disconnected id 42a1a1ed5912a7227148e997f442e7ab2e5cc3558aa3471548223c5888c9b142 mai 30 15 31 45 curie dockerd 1726 time 2022 05 30t15 31 45 883064491 04 00 level info msg ignoring event container 42a1a1ed5912a7227148e997f442e7ab2e5cc3558aa3471548223c5888c9b142 module libcontainerd namespace moby topic tasks delete type events taskdelete mai 30 15 31 45 curie systemd 1 run docker netns e45f5cf5f465 mount succeeded mai 30 15 31 45 curie systemd 5287 run docker netns e45f5cf5f465 mount succeeded mai 30 15 31 45 curie systemd 1 var lib docker zfs graph 41ce08fb7a1d3a9c101694b82722f5621c0b4819bd1d9f070933fd1e00543cdf mount succeeded mai 30 15 31 45 curie systemd 5287 var lib docker zfs graph 41ce08fb7a1d3a9c101694b82722f5621c0b4819bd1d9f070933fd1e00543cdf mount succeeded that s double or triple the run time from 2 seconds to 6 seconds most of the time is spent in run time inside the container here s the breakdown container setup 2 seconds container run 4 seconds container teardown 1 second total run time about 6 7 seconds that s a two to three fold increase clearly something is going on here that i should tweak it s possible that code path is less optimized in docker i also worry about podman but apparently it also supports zfs backends possibly it would perform better but at this stage i wouldn t have a good comparison maybe it would have performed better on non zfs as well interactivity while doing the offsite backups below the system became somewhat sluggish i felt everything was slow and i estimate it introduced 50ms latency in any input device arguably those are all usb and the external drive was connected through usb but i suspect the zfs drivers are not as well tuned with the scheduler as the regular filesystem drivers recovery procedures for test purposes i unmounted all systems during the procedure umount mnt boot efi mnt boot run umount a t zfs zpool export a and disconnected the drive to see how i would recover this system from another linux system in case of a total motherboard failure to import an existing pool plug the device then import the pool with an alternate root so it doesn t mount over your existing filesystems then you mount the root filesystem and all the others zpool import l a r mnt zfs mount rpool root debian zfs mount a mount dev sdc2 mnt boot efi mount t tmpfs tmpfs mnt run mkdir mnt run lock offsite backup part of the goal of using zfs is to simplify and harden backups i wanted to experiment with shorter recovery times specifically both point in time recovery objective and recovery time objective and faster incremental backups this is therefore part of my backup services this section documents how an external nvme enclosure was setup in a pool to mirror the datasets from my workstation the final setup should include syncoid copying datasets to the backup server regularly but i haven t finished that configuration yet partitioning the above partitioning procedure used sgdisk but i couldn t figure out how to do this with sgdisk so this uses sfdisk to dump the partition from the first disk to an external identical drive sfdisk d dev nvme0n1 sfdisk no reread dev sda force pool creation this is similar to the main pool creation except we tweaked a few bits after changing the upstream procedure zpool create o cachefile etc zfs zpool cache o ashift 12 d o feature async_destroy enabled o feature bookmarks enabled o feature embedded_data enabled o feature empty_bpobj enabled o feature enabled_txg enabled o feature extensible_dataset enabled o feature filesystem_limits enabled o feature hole_birth enabled o feature large_blocks enabled o feature lz4_compress enabled o feature spacemap_histogram enabled o feature zpool_checkpoint enabled o acltype posixacl o xattr sa o compression lz4 o devices off o relatime on o canmount off o mountpoint boot r mnt bpool tubman dev sdb3 the change from the main boot pool are no unicode normalization different device path sdb used to be the m 2 device it s now nvme0n1 reordered parameters main pool creation is zpool create o ashift 12 o encryption on o keylocation prompt o keyformat passphrase o acltype posixacl o xattr sa o dnodesize auto o compression zstd o relatime on o canmount off o mountpoint r mnt rpool tubman dev sdb4 first sync i used syncoid to copy all pools over to the external device syncoid is a thing that s part of the sanoid project which is specifically designed to sync snapshots between pool typically over ssh links but it can also operate locally the sanoid command had a readonly argument to simulate changes but syncoid didn t so i tried to fix that with an upstream pr it seems it would be better to do this by hand but this was much easier the full first sync was root curie home anarcat bin syncoid r bpool bpool tubman critical error target bpool tubman exists but has no snapshots matching with bpool replication to target would require destroying existing target cowardly refusing to destroy your existing target note target bpool tubman dataset is 64mb used did you mistakenly run zfs create bpool tubman on the target zfs initial replication must be to a non existent dataset which will then be created by the initial replication process info sending oldest full snapshot bpool boot test 42 kb to new target filesystem 44 2kib 0 00 00 4 19mib s 103 info updating new target filesystem with incremental bpool boot test syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 12 50 39 4 kb 2 13kib 0 00 00 114kib s 53 info sending oldest full snapshot bpool boot debian install 126 0 mb to new target filesystem 126mib 0 00 00 308mib s 100 info updating new target filesystem with incremental bpool boot debian install syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 12 50 39 113 4 mb 113mib 0 00 00 315mib s 100 root curie home anarcat bin syncoid r rpool rpool tubman critical error target rpool tubman exists but has no snapshots matching with rpool replication to target would require destroying existing target cowardly refusing to destroy your existing target note target rpool tubman dataset is 64mb used did you mistakenly run zfs create rpool tubman on the target zfs initial replication must be to a non existent dataset which will then be created by the initial replication process info sending oldest full snapshot rpool root syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 12 50 51 69 kb to new target filesystem 44 2kib 0 00 00 2 44mib s 63 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool root debian install 25 9 gb to new target filesystem 25 9gib 0 03 33 124mib s 100 info updating new target filesystem with incremental rpool root debian install syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 12 50 52 3 9 gb 3 92gib 0 00 33 119mib s 99 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool home syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 12 55 04 276 8 gb to new target filesystem 277gib 0 27 13 174mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool home root syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 22 19 2 2 gb to new target filesystem 2 22gib 0 00 25 90 2mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 22 47 5 6 gb to new target filesystem 5 56gib 0 00 32 176mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var cache syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 22 627 3 mb to new target filesystem 627mib 0 00 03 169mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var lib syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 28 69 kb to new target filesystem 44 2kib 0 00 00 1 40mib s 63 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var lib docker syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 28 442 6 mb to new target filesystem 443mib 0 00 04 103mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var lib docker 05c0de7fabbea60500eaa495d0d82038249f6faa63b12914737c4d71520e62c5 266253254 6 3 mb to new target filesystem 6 49mib 0 00 00 12 9mib s 102 info updating new target filesystem with incremental rpool var lib docker 05c0de7fabbea60500eaa495d0d82038249f6faa63b12914737c4d71520e62c5 266253254 syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 34 4 kb 1 52kib 0 00 00 27 6kib s 38 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var lib flatpak syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 36 2 0 gb to new target filesystem 2 00gib 0 00 17 115mib s 100 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var tmp syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 55 57 0 mb to new target filesystem 61 8mib 0 00 01 45 0mib s 108 info clone is recreated on target rpool tubman var lib docker ed71ddd563a779ba6fb37b3b1d0cc2c11eca9b594e77b4b234867ebcb162b205 based on rpool var lib docker 05c0de7fabbea60500eaa495d0d82038249f6faa63b12914737c4d71520e62c5 266253254 info sending oldest full snapshot rpool var lib docker ed71ddd563a779ba6fb37b3b1d0cc2c11eca9b594e77b4b234867ebcb162b205 syncoid_curie_2022 05 30 13 23 58 218 6 mb to new target filesystem 219mib 0 00 01 151mib s 100 funny how the critical error doesn t actually stop syncoid and it just carries on merrily doing when it s telling you it s cowardly refusing to destroy your existing target maybe that s because my pull request broke something though during the transfer the computer was very sluggish everything feels like it has 30 50ms latency extra anarcat curie sanoid lang c top b n 1 head 20 top 13 07 05 up 6 days 4 01 1 user load average...
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