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improvised explosive device disposal iedd conventional munitions disposal cmd and biological chemical munitions disposal bcmd they also provide expertise in advanced iedd and in the investigation of accidents and incidents involving ammunition and explosives where they are seen as subject matter experts smes bomb suit of bomb disposal squad of the indian army weapons intelligence is supplied by royal military police intelligence corps and ammunition technical personnel who tap into the combined explosive exploitation cell cexc units of the us all prospective ammunition technicians attend a grueling course of instruction at the army school of ammunition and the felix centre united kingdom the time frame for an rlc ammunition technician to complete all necessary courses prior to finally being placed on an eod team is around 36 months whereas the engineer eod training period although shorter in total is spread over a number of years and interspersed with operational experience re personnel may be posted to core trades such as carpentry or bridge building within their time as engineers royal navy clearance divers also deploy teams both in the uk and on operations working on both iedd improvised explosive device disposal teams as well as the disposal of conventional munitions royal navy personnel spend their entire service working with and around explosives and associated sciences as such are given responsibilities relevant to their roles when it comes to conventional weapons royal navy anything of an explosive nature found below the high water mark or deemed to be of a naval origin nato edit nato alliance countries qualify their eod forces at different levels due to the potential discrepancy in capability nato defines its eod capabilities at different levels to improve interoperability and standardization 25 explosive ordnance reconnaissance eor these forces are trained and equipped to identify and categorize explosive ordnance but are unable to take positive action against the item explosive ordnance clearance eoc these forces are trained and equipped to identify categorize and conduct limited procedures to reduce explosive ordnance threats they are typically military engineers and are limited to destroy in situation blow in place procedures conventional munition disposal cmd these forces are trained and equipped to identify categorize render safe and dispose of conventional munitions improvised explosive device defeat iedd these forces are trained and equipped to identify categorize render safe and dispose of conventional and improvised explosive devices chemical biological nuclear and radiological cbrn eod these forces are trained and equipped to identify categorize render safe and dispose of conventional improvised and these forces are trained and equipped to identify categorize render safe and dispose of conventional improvised and cbrn explosive ordnance underwater specializations for all the above listed capabilities exist as well with additional dive training and certifications other training mining fireworks edit in addition to neutralizing munitions or bombs conducting training and presenting evidence eod technicians and engineers also respond to other problems eod technicians help dispose old or unstable explosives such as ones used in quarrying mining or old unstable fireworks and ammunition they also assist specialist police units raid and entry teams with boobytrap detection and avoidance and they help in conducting post blast investigations the eod technician s training and experience with bombs make them an integral part of any bombing investigation another part of an eod technician s job involves supporting the government intelligence units this involves searching all places that the high ranking government officers or other protected dignitaries travel stay or visit bomb disposal vehicle demonstration in tokyo 2016 techniques edit generally eod render safe procedures rsp are a type of tradecraft protected from public dissemination in order to limit access and knowledge depriving the enemy of specific technical procedures used to render safe ordnance or an improvised device another reason for keeping tradecraft secret is to hinder the development of new anti handling devices by their opponents if the enemy has thorough knowledge of specific eod techniques it can develop fuze designs which are more resistant to existing render safe procedures many techniques exist for the making safe of a bomb or munition selection of a technique depends on several variables the greatest variable is the proximity of the munition or device to people or critical facilities explosives in remote localities are handled very differently from those in densely populated areas the role of modern bomb disposal operators is to accomplish their task as remotely as possible actually laying hands on a bomb is only done in an extremely life threatening situation where the hazards to people and critical structures cannot be reduced wheelbarrow remotely controlled bomb disposal tool eod technicians have many tools for remote operations one of which is the rcv or remote control vehicle also known as the wheelbarrow outfitted with cameras microphones and sensors for chemical biological or nuclear agents the wheelbarrow can help the technician get an excellent idea of what the munition or device is many of these robots even have hand like manipulators in case a door needs to be opened or a munition or bomb requires handling or moving the first ever wheelbarrow was conceived by major pat wilson patterson raoc and his team at the bomb disposal school cad kineton in 1972 and used by ammunition technicians in the battle against provisional irish republican army bombs placing a disruption charge a counter charge 26 while wearing a protective suit also of great use are items that allow ammunition technicians to remotely diagnose the innards of a munition or bomb these include devices similar to the x ray used by medical personnel and high performance sensors that can detect and help interpret sounds odors or even images from within the munition or bomb once the technicians determine what the munition or device is and what state it is in they will formulate a procedure to disarm it this may include things as simple as replacing safety features or as difficult as using high powered explosive actuated devices to shear jam bind or remove parts of the item s firing train preferably this will be accomplished remotely but there are still circumstances when a robot won t do and technicians must put themself at risk by personally going near the bomb technicians will don specialized protective suits using flame and fragmentation resistant material similar to bulletproof vests some suits have advanced features such as internal cooling amplified hearing and communications back to the control area this suit is designed to increase the odds of survival for technicians should munitions or bombs detonate while they are near it rarely the specifics of a munition or bomb will allow the technician to first remove it from the area in these cases a containment vessel is used using remote methods the technician places the item in the container and retires to a remote area to complete the defusion this procedure called a render safe procedure can take a great deal of time because of the construction of devices a waiting period must be taken to ensure that whatever render safe method was used worked as intended another technique is trepanation in which a bore is cut into the sidewall of a bomb and the explosive contents are extracted through a combination of steam and acid bath liquefaction of bomb contents 27 although professional eod personnel have expert knowledge skills and equipment they are not immune to misfortune because of the inherent dangers in june 2010 construction workers in göttingen discovered an allied 500 kilogram bomb dating from world war ii buried approximately 7 metres below the ground german eod experts were notified and attended the scene whilst residents living nearby were being evacuated and the eod personnel were preparing to disarm the bomb it detonated killing three of them and injuring 6 others the dead and injured each had over 20 years of hands on experience and had previously rendered safe between 600 and 700 unexploded bombs the bomb which killed and injured the eod personnel was of a particularly dangerous type because it was fitted with a delayed action chemical fuze which had become highly unstable after over 65 years under ground 28 29 30 31 eod equipment edit bomb disposal vehicle edit see also emergency vehicle a bomb disposal vehicle used by the federal bureau of investigation a bomb disposal vehicle is a vehicle used by bomb disposal squads to transport equipment and bomb disposal robots or to store bombs for later disposal they are often vans or trucks typically with at least one bomb containment chamber installed in the rear of the vehicle and ramps to allow bomb disposal robots to access the vehicle bomb disposal vehicles are generally not explosive resistant and are only used for transporting explosives for disposal not actively disposing of them portable x ray systems edit eod training and material testing a 105 mm shell is radiographied with battery powered portable x ray generator and flat panel detector portable x ray systems are used to radiograph the bomb before intervention the purpose is for example to determine if a chemical charge is present or to check the status of the detonator high steel thickness requires high energy and high power sources projected water disruptors edit boot banger water charge disrupts simulated bomb bottler lite against a small suspect device projected water disruptors use a water projectile shaped charge to destroy bombs blasting the device apart and severing any detonating connections faster than any fuse or anti tampering device on the bomb can react one example is the bootbanger deployed under the rear compartment of cars suspected to be carrying bombs 32 projected water disruptors can be directional such as the bootbanger or omni directional an example being the bottler 33 pigstick edit pigstick is the british army s term for a waterjet disruptor often mounted on the wheelbarrow remotely operated vehicle to counter ira bombs in the 1970s the name pigstick was the next available at the time from the uk ministry of defence s list of names for classified equipment and projects pigstick fires a jet of water driven by a propellant charge to disrupt the circuitry of a bomb and disable it with a low risk of detonation the modern pigstick is reliable and can be fired many times with minimal maintenance it is now used worldwide it is 485 millimetres 19 1 in long and weighs 2 95 kilograms 6 5 lb 34 it is made of hardened steel and can be mounted on a remotely operated vehicle rov these factors make it an effective way to render ieds safe it is not a panacea however it cannot deal with ieds packed in hard containers such as industrial gas bottles or beer kegs and other disruptors have been designed to deal with those and a range of different situations including car bombs the device was developed by the scientists mike barker mbe and peter hubbard obe at rarde fort halstead in late 1971 35 1 6 working under great pressure over several weeks after an ato died in northern ireland attempting to render safe the first ied in the theatre to contain anti handling devices 36 37 they started with a prototype piece of equipment designed to disrupt limpet mines attached to a ship s hull and through many trials and errors developed a disruptor capable of dealing with the crop of ieds with anti handling devices prevalent at the time barker used the device operationally for the first time in northern ireland during a visit there to demonstrate their prototype to george styles and his team 35 5 the pigstick prototype was re engineered by a member of hubbard s team bob white mbe down from its original 20 kg to its current 2 95 kg form but its internal ballistic design remained true to the original in the period 1972 1978 and taking into account machines which had been exported over 400 wheelbarrows were destroyed while dealing with terrorist devices in many of these cases it can be assumed that the loss of a machine represented the saving of an eod man s life house of commons hansard debates for 21 oct 1998 38 zeus edit the zeus hlons was developed for surface land mines and unexploded ordnance uxo neutralization by the u s naval explosive ordnance disposal technology division naveodtechdiv it uses a moderate power commercial solid state laser ssl and beam control system integrated onto a humvee hmmwv to clear surface mines improvised bombs or unexploded ordnance uxo from supply routes and minefields bomb containment chamber edit a bomb containment chamber there are a wide range of containment chambers available the simplest are sometimes danger suppression vessels that merely contain some of the fragments generated by the explosion the other end of the spectrum features top of the line gas tight chambers that can withstand multiple shots while remaining able to contain chemical biological or radioactive agents containment chambers of all types may be fitted onto towed trailers or specialised eod vehicles eod suits edit main article bomb suit there is a long history of iedd within the uk and protection for this role has evolved over the years starting with the mk1 in 1969 in response to the maoist terrorist threat in hong kong through to the mk 2 in 1974 in response to the ira threat in northern ireland ni with further developments of the mk3 in 1980 to include a new helmet the mk4 eod suit introduced into service in 1993 combines fragmentation and blast protection that is prioritised over the most vulnerable parts of the body head face and torso the current system mkv vi was introduced in 2004 and was a combined mod np aerospace project the only part of the body that has no protection at all is the hands 39 in popular culture edit danger uxb 1979 tv an itv series dealt with the exploits of a fictional bomb disposal unit of the british army during world war ii the 13 part series was shown on pbs as part of masterpiece theatre live wire 1992 film revolves around a rash of seemingly inexplicable explosive spontaneous human combustions and danny o neill pierce brosnan a bomb disposal expert that gets involved and will eventually have to solve the case blown away 1994 film a boston bomb squad member jeff bridges is targeted by an irish bomber tommy lee jones speed 1994 film a police officer keanu reeves must stop a bomb on a city bus that detonates if the speed drops below 50 mph the final cut 1995 film a maniac bomber is ruthlessly targeting seattle claiming civilians and bomb disposal teams alike as apartment blocks and office complexes collapse under the impact of his ingenious complex devices the hurt locke...
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