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Text of the page (random words):
cussions it has been decided that capitals will be used on wikipedia only for parts of the name that are proper names consistent with practice in more general audience publications 2 in publications that capitalise the phrase in australia there are many common starlings clearly indicates a large number of sturnus vulgaris while the phrase in australia there are many common starlings could indicate several different types of starling being common clearer formulation must be used in a non capitalising publication like wikipedia e g in australia the common starling is numerous vs in australia many types of starling are common add binomial names in round brackets parentheses to reduce any ambiguity if necessary the international ornithological congress ioc which has tried to standardise the english language vernacular names of birds uses capitalised names the ioc names have been used in the vast majority of wikipedia articles including their titles in lower case except where parts of the name refer to a proper noun e g new zealand scaup wikipedia bird article titles may diverge from the ioc list when the most common name in reliable sources is different from the ioc name 3 a non ioc name might also be used in article text in a non ornithological context e g the animal related folklore of a traditional culture or in a specific ornithological context such as the nomenclature of an organisation other than ioc article title make redirects from white necked raven white necked raven white necked raven prairie warbler prairie warbler when creating a new article for a species make sure the title is correctly capitalised and create a redirect from the capitalised ioc name for example name the article bald eagle and write bald eagle in the text but create a redirect to it from bald eagle see the table at right for more examples you should also create redirects for any names regularly used for distinctive subspecies for example redirects for pale bellied brent goose light bellied brent goose black brant and dark bellied brent goose all point to our brant goose article in this case redirect links should also be made for the full scientific names of those subspecies as well per this discussion and as amended in this discussion the consensus style to write the combination of common name plus scientific name in the lead is bolded common name followed by bolded italicised scientific name in parentheses the house sparrow passer domesticus is a passerine bird summary of naming guidelines common names the common name of a particular species is not capitalised except where proper names appear e g common blackbird metallic starling emu ostrich new zealand scaup the name of a group of species is not capitalised e g birds thrush family kingfishers turtle doves marsh harriers alternative common names should be mentioned where appropriate with bold type in the opening line of the article if they are in wide use elsewhere in the article with or without the bold type if they are less used this is usually a matter for individual judgement summary of naming guidelines scientific names orders families and other taxa above genus level are written with an initial capital and in roman not italic text birds belong to the class aves ducks are members of the family anatidae and the order anseriformes the names of genera are always italicised and capitalised turdus falco anas species epithets are never capitalised always italicised and always preceded by either the genus name or a one letter abbreviation of it alcedo pusilla or a pusilla cisticola juncidis or c juncidis the abbreviation is used only when it is unambiguous in the context of the article the placements in families and genera as well as the boundaries of the species are themselves not always unambiguous or without debate although the ioc list is usually up to date new species and large scale phylogenetic studies may sometimes suggest alternate placements both binomial combinations as well as higher level classification these alternate positions are best included with citations with the taxonomic history older combinations and rationale explained with citations in the article regional lists it is recommended for the sake of consistency that regional lists are named as list of birds of region rather than list of region adjective birds article sections most of the bird species articles have a common structure which include various combinations of the following taxonomy and systematics including subspecies relation to related species history of naming alternate names and evolution description often including details on immature plumage moult vocalisations identification and similar species distribution and habitat behaviour and ecology breeding food and feeding threats or survival in culture or relationship to humans status additional sections may be included to cover aspects that are particularly interesting or well studied in that species taxoboxes barn swallow h r rustica scientific classification kingdom animalia phylum chordata class aves order passeriformes family hirundinidae genus hirundo species h rustica binomial name hirundo rustica linnaeus 1758 range of h rustica breeding range resident year round non breeding range in general bird articles should have taxoboxes taxonomy infoboxes this is something we have inherited from the wikiproject tree of life there are many examples there to look at see wikipedia automated taxobox system for the full details on constructing a taxobox there are several example bird taxoboxes suitable for cut and paste insertion into entries family taxobox example with picture genus taxobox example species taxobox example species taxobox with subspecies example adding images images in bird articles should be added with care and captioned carefully if the taxobox is empty consider adding one that shows the full bird preferably facing into the text if the species is sexually dimorphic you may consider adding a second image to the taxobox or distribute the other images in the text carefully do not add images to the lead section if a bird article is well illustrated examine the quality of the images before adding your own and do not add an image just because you took the picture if the species has multiple subspecies with distinctive plumage variations make a note of the features in the caption and the general region not to the accuracy of a delivery address accurate locations and dates should be included in the image metadata on wikimedia commons photos of live birds are preferred in an article s taxobox but artwork or photos of stuffed specimens can be used if the first are unavailable or of inadequate quality illustrate specific behaviours or plumages in the appropriate location if absolutely necessary add a gallery towards the end of the article to accommodate multiple images there is no need to explicitly add a section called gallery the captions ideally need to add value to the text calling attention to specifics mentioned in the article where possible if the text flow is being disrupted or if the images are flowing into the reference section it probably means that there are more images than needed for the article consider researching and improving the article with more text remember that people can always visit the images in the appropriate commons categories or gallery pages which should linked using the appropriate template at the end of the article distribution maps a good way to show a bird s area of occurrence is to add a distribution map see the above example on how species with tiny areas of occurrence should get larger maps which are displayed thumbnailed as for colors the following are generally accepted as literature standard for example by the handbook of birds of the world breeding visitor non breeding visitor resident introduced range for species that do not migrate a single color can be used as in the example at sea range of birds like albatrosses is usually marked in darker or lighter blue small islands can be marked with a larger dot and or shown magnified in inserts migration flyways are often indicated with arrows areas of irruptive occurrence more regular and plentiful than casual vagrancy such as in crossbill species can be indicated by colored stippling it is good to use basic web safe colors if using nonstandard coloration e g arctic tern or silvery pigeon it is important to annotate them former ranges of extinct birds can be indicated in dark grey hbw standard or red many other the former is probably preferable due to unambiguity the hbw standard colors have one major advantage they can also due to differences in brightness be distinguished by almost all people with some sort of color blindness linking to definitions in glossary of bird terms the headlined glossary article wikipedia s only featured glossary contains definitions for many terms that may be useful to link to in bird articles nevertheless please be mindful of wikipedia overlinking links to definitions in the glossary may be added in other articles and pages using template birdgloss birdgloss in the form birdgloss term this will work for exact terms or phrases defined in the glossary or those anchored to a definition if a term you wish to link is not already defined or anchored in the glossary you can pipe a link to a definition in the form birdgloss actual term display term see the template s documentation for more information linking bird calls and songs songs and calls call of the kookaburra listen to the kookaburra on xeno canto bird vocalisations can be linked in articles using the template birdsong it provides an attractive link wrapper to recordings of songs and calls listed for that species at xeno canto org which we use as very few wikimedia commons audio files exist however where they do up to four of them can be added to the template which allows them to be played directly in the article an example use of the template appears at right linking to the extraordinary call of the kookaburra see the template s documentation for its syntax and how to modify its parameters including how to change the default image to any one you specify other infoboxes infobox book infobox journal infobox park for nature reserves taxonbar taxonbar see documentation barnstar barn owl barnstar to use this template add subst barn owl barnstar 1 put your message here to the talk page of the user to whom you wish to award it wpbirds invitation wpbirds invite to invite a user to this project add subst wpbirds invite to the talk page of the user that you wish to invite you can also use subst wpbirds invite article article name replacing article name with the name of the article references del hoyo josep elliott andrew sargatal jordi eds 1998 handbook of the birds of the world volume 1 ostrich to ducks barcelona lynx edicions p 25 see guideline at wikipedia manual of style animals plants and other organisms mos life the topic of capitals has been discussed numerous times and discussions may be found in the archives examples 10 1 7 1 7 2 2 1 2 2 2 3 in 2014 a request for comments settled that lower case will be used as is consistent with other taxa this might involve a discussion to determine the most appropriate name v t e wikipedia key policies and guidelines five pillars ignore all rules content p verifiability no original research neutral point of view what wikipedia is not biographies of living persons copyright copyright violations image use article titles g notability autobiographies citing sources reliable sources medicine do not include copies of lengthy primary sources plagiarism do not create hoaxes fringe theories patent nonsense external links writing articles with large language models removal of ai generated content llm assisted translation conduct p civility consensus harassment vandalism ignore all rules no personal attacks ownership of content edit warring dispute resolution sockpuppetry no legal threats child protection paid contribution disclosure g assume good faith conflict of interest disruptive editing do not disrupt wikipedia to illustrate a point etiquette gaming the system please do not bite the newcomers courtesy vanishing responding to threats of harm talk page guidelines signatures deletion p deletion policy proposed deletion biographies speedy deletion attack page oversight revision deletion enforcement p administrators banning blocking page protection editing p editing policy g article size summary style be bold disambiguation hatnotes broad concept article understandability style manual of style contents accessibility dates and numbers images layout lead section linking lists classification categories lists and navigation templates categorization template namespace project content g project namespace wikiprojects user pages deceased wikipedians user boxes shortcuts subpages wmf p universal code of conduct terms of use list of policies friendly space policy licensing and copyright privacy policy list of all policies and guidelines p list of policies g list of guidelines summaries of values and principles v t e wikiproject council general wikiproject council talk guidelines wikiprojects task forces technical notes dealing with inactive wikiprojects assessment faq rfc work via wikiprojects directories and reports directory proposals deletion signpost shortcuts popular pages database reports new changes watchers culture and the arts arts music performing plastic visual broadcasting crafts and hobbies entertainment games and toys food and drink internet culture language and literature biography linguistics media philosophy and religion sports geographical bodies of water cities countries africa americas asia europe oceania landforms maps parks conservation areas and historical sites history and society history and society business and economics education military and warfare politics and government transportation science technology and engineering science biology chemistry economics geosciences information science mathematics medicine meteorology physics space technology time wikipedia assistance and tasks contents systems maintenance files article improvement and grading classroom projects wikiprojects retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title wikipedia wikiproject_birds oldid 1365466267 categories active wikiprojects wikiproject birds wikiproject animals wikiprojects participating in wikipedia 1 0 assessments hidden category sdzerobot database report subscriptions this page was last edited on 22 july 2026 at 16 25 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers 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