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description= He drank from a different fountain;
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2024 at the time of the 80th anniversary of the kidnap of general kreipe it includes some observatiosn and family detals which i hope you will enjoy in 1940 winston churchill launched the special operations executive soe with the rousing injunction to set europe ablaze i shall be speaking today about my father william stanley moss and the 1944 operation in which he was involved with patrick leigh fermor both british soe agents this was the abduction carried out by the two of them together with a trusted handful of cretan resistance fighters of general heinrich kreipe commander at that time of german forces on occupied crete my father s book ill met by moonlight describes it all it was a bestseller later made into an emeric pressburger film which i imagine most have you have seen to give you a bit of background first my father was born in 1921 in yokohama japan where his family had settled the generation before and where his father was a businessman his mother was a white russian whose family had escaped the revolution when my father was two years old yokohama was entirely destroyed in the great kanto earthquake the family survived and returned at that point to settle in england they travelled a great deal however and my father claimed to have voyaged around the world twice before his teens known as billy he was a much loved only child and his adventurous spirit was given fairly free rein treasure island was and remained his favourite book also encouraged were his love of writing and drawing and of animals he was schooled at charterhouse leaving in 1939 before his 18 th birthday and before the outbreak of war he was commissioned into the coldstream guards in 1941 having trained at caterham and sandhurst he served 18 months in and around london on the king s guard with a period of guarding rudolph hess and a spell of churchillian duty at chequers all thrilling for a junior officer before suddenly being sent to join the 3rd battalion the coldstream in the middle east he saw action for the first time in the desert campaign with montgomery s eighth army chasing rommel across north africa after alamein following a spell in pantelleria italy he parted from his regiment and headed for cairo and in september 1943 he volunteered to join force 133 of soe at 22 years old he was the youngest inmate of the house known as tara which grew into something of a cairo legend as a centre of uproarious and eccentric fun when its housemates were on leave these were other soe agents and included david smiley and billy mclean who operated together in albania and the balkans xan fielding and patrick leigh fermor known as paddy these two were well embedded in the cretan resistance and paddy had already spent some two years in the mountains disguised as a shepherd he had an almost byronic love and affinity for greece and crete he was fluent in greek german and many other languages and would recite reams of epic poetry at the drop of a hat i can t resist sharing with you this description of him later in life by his friend the writer lawrence durrell when paddy was staying with him in cyprus after a splendid dinner by the fire paddy starts singing songs of crete athens macedonia when i go out to refill the ouzo bottle i find the street completely filled with people listening in utter silence and darkness everyone seems struck dumb i catch sight of frangos who says never have i heard of englishmen singing greek songs like this their reverent amazement is touching it is as if they want to embrace paddy wherever he goes my father too was under his spell paddy was 29 at the time of the abduction he was less of a professional soldier than my father with less experience of conventional warfare he had served for a short time with the irish guards but his disposition was far more suited to undercover work with soe eventually but not without dissenting voices he was granted permission by hq to carry out the kidnap operation when he asked my father to join him as his second in command he leapt at the chance paddy wrote an afterword for the 2001 edition of ill met by moonlight writing from a historical perspective he is at pains to insist that the kidnap was carefully planned that it was the result of an idea of long and complex gestation he longs to dispel the notion that it was somehow a tremendous jape it is also true however that all the tara inmates had had a great time adding their ha penny worth towels around their middles famously drawing maps plans and diagrams on a steamy bathroom wall afterwards one wireless announcer said of all the stories that have come out of the war this is the one which schoolboys everywhere will best remember paddy s words cannot stifle the ebullience of this story its enduring appeal hinges on its mix of danger and courage with dare devilry and on the fact that its aim was not destruction of any kind but simply with the co operation of a huge swathe of the unbowed and complicit population to get the better of the mighty germans by stealing their general from under their noses it was a wonderful idea on crete itself there is a joke that out of a population of 600 000 599 999 were involved to go back a bit the german invasion of crete in 1941 had been uniquely an airborne invasion and the battle of crete raged for 11 days of total and bloody fighting when the germans prevailed and thousands of british and allied troops hurriedly evacuated as best they could be cretans were abandoned to their fate in retaliation for the fierce resistance they had put up the germans instantly imposed a terrifying and pitiless rule on the entire population which was enforced throughout the occupation on the slightest pretext or even none there were summary executions destructions of villages massacres of their inhabitants gratuitous cruelty of every kind general muller commander of the german forces was known as the butcher of crete and later executed for war crimes this was the general that paddy and my father hoped to abduct take prisoner and escort back to cairo however in march 1944 muller was temporarily replaced by general kreipe who thus became the target in the wake of the battle of crete numbers of cretan men had taken to the mountains as they had the century before when under turkish rule forming and joining bands of resistance fighters a handful of soe agents such as paddy then trickled into crete to help and organise this resistance i won t narrate the full story as many of you will have read the book or seen the film i feel i should explain though that sadly i never knew my father who died when i was a child so much of what i have to say is necessarily conjecture luckily he wrote books letters diaries i shall be quoting from the fulsome contemporaneous diary that he kept and upon which ill met by moonlight is closely based one night in early february 1944 paddy billy and two key cretan members of the team manoli and george are flown out over crete and paddy is dropped but as the plane turns to make a second drop clouds close in ever more thickly forcing the plane back to base subsequent attempts to reach crete by plane and boat are all thwarted until finally on the night of the 4 th april a small motor launch with my father on board edged towards the cretan coast in the light of the half moon the mountains loomed up large and misty white so that it seemed that we were much much closer guided slowly in by a pinprick signal of torchlight a dinghy landed him within wading distance and he was helped ashore by a score of hands my first impressions were extraordinary dark faces heavy moustaches turbaned heads black and shabby clothes tall boots a hundred voices and then i saw paddy and ran towards him i can t describe how wonderful it was to see the old son of a gun again we talked of everything and of nothing for a few moments paddy looked radiantly healthy and the sun i think it must have been the sun had darkened his face so that he looked for all the world like a smuggler of old he had to leave me then to go and see to further unloading and to get the german pows on board i saw him go off and watched him as he gave orders commanded men to do this and that i remember thinking here is the different paddy he seemed to have the whole situation at his finger tips and was capable of coping with anything i wanted to read this to you to give you a flavour of it all in the diary s words and also because of the rather english understated way my father expresses his admiration for paddy throughout the diary there never seems to be a jarring word between them rather a close understanding and uncomplicated delight in each other s company a purity somehow the beach in question had been mined with german outposts only ¾ mile to the west and one mile to the east through that night their cretan guide led them over mountains for four hours in this way and at each stage of the operation the cretans were guiding them sheltering them guarding them providing for them taking unimaginable risks for them paddy always stressed that most of those involved in the kidnap were cretan and there was no doubt of the consequences for them of being caught as for paddy and billy hitler s commando order of 1942 was clear stating all enemies on so called commando mission whether armed or unarmed in battle or in flight are to be slaughtered to the last man there were moments of hair raising danger but preparations went ahead and the kidnap took place on the evening of the 26 th april as the general was being driven from german hq to the villa ariadne his sleeping quarters in knossos paddy and billy in stolen german uniforms and their team of seven cretans waited concealed at a signal that the general s car with its unmistakeable pennants on the front was approaching one hour later than expected paddy and billy stepped into the road swinging torches the car slowed at the crossroads paddy cried halt the car stopped and they both approached it one on each side billy on the driver s side paddy questioned ist dies das general s wagen ya ya and then they tore open the doors the terrified chauffeur was reaching for his revolver billy hit him with a cosh paddy and manoli pulled the general from the front seat struggling like mad and protesting loudly he was bundled into the back and sat upon by three hefty and armed cretans while the chauffeur was taken away by the others billy jumped in behind the steering wheel and with paddy beside him now wearing the general s hat they set off paddy told the general that if he were willing to give his parole that he would neither shout nor try to escape they would treat him not as a prisoner but as one of themselves the general gave his parole immediately billy drove the car past the startled sentries waiting at the guarded villa ariadne and then through a number of checkpoints at these he slowed right down to give the sentries time to recognise the pennants before gradually accelerating smoothly past a tactic which seemed to work their route took them through the centre of heraklion where unfortunately with nerve wracking timing a garrison cinema show had just ended and spilled out its audience so that the streets were milling with scores of german soldiers and they were forced to weave through at snail s pace holding their breath and their nerve there were many more checkpoints 22 in all of which 5 were roadblocks but somehow they negotiated them all they carried on along the coastal roadand up into the mountains and here the party split so far so good together with the cretan team billy and the general set off into the mountains meanwhile paddy drove the car to a spot by the north coast where it might seem that the occupants had left it and had boarded a waiting submarine inside it he left the signed letter which he and billy had carefully composed this was addressed to the german authorities and claimed full and sole british responsibility for the abduction as well as hopefully giving the impression that the general would have already been taken off the island the reality was that having re formed the entire party would then trek over the mountains all the way across to the southern coast where hopefully there would make rendezvous with a boat to take them to cairo it had been pre arranged with hq that when news of the abduction broke the bbc and other broadcasting channels would announce that general kreipe was already on his way to cairo in fact everywhere it was announced that the general was being taken off the island this made matters for them very much worse it was responsible for the germans launching a full scale manhunt not only that but the leaflets never materialised which were supposed immediately to be dropped stating in both german and greek that the operation had been carried out by a british raiding party in this way paddy had hoped to prevent reprisals being taken on the islanders over the next 19 days the party made its way across the mountains by night taking cover in caves by day while the full scale manhunt picked up their trail and began to close in on them as billy wrote they had everything to lose but with their incredibly loyal tight knit team local lookouts and runners they just managed to keep a step ahead of the tightening circle fed and sheltered all the way without question and without fail there were of course also those whom they couldn t trust there was constant danger setbacks crises near disasters and changes of plan failed communication systems and mishaps of all kinds but finally on the night of the 15 th may paddy and billy were safely chugging their way back to cairo in the same motor launch that billy had arrived in they handed over general kreipe and their job was done general muller returned as general commander of crete and that august he issued the following order because the town of anogia is the centre of the english intelligence of crete because the people of anogia committed the murder of the sergeant commander of the yeni gave as well as of the garrison under his orders because the people of anogia carried out the sabotage of damasta because in anogia the guerrillas of the various groups of resistance take refuge and find protection and because it was through anogia that the kidnappers with general kreipe passed using anogia as a transit camp we order its complete destruction and the execution of every male person of anogia who would happen to be within the village and around it within a distance of one kilometer anogia was then obliterated several villages in the amari district were also razed that summer with inhabitants rounded up and shot there are those who said later that the success of the mission came at too high a price there were also those who had predicted such reprisals such as col sweet escott who as soe commander in the balkans had experience of them they were part of german policy widely practised and had been a ruthless feature of the occupation from its beginning ot...
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