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canada has seen rapid growth from a boom in oil production since the mid 20th century 37 according to statscanada the prairie provinces had a population of 6 443 892 in 2016 in 2021 the population had grown by 4 6 to 6 737 293 36 economy edit a canola field in the qu appelle valley in southern saskatchewan in the mid 20th century the economy of the prairies exploded due to the oil boom and introduced a growth of jobs the primary industries are agriculture and services 3 agriculture consisting of livestock cattle and sheep cultivating crops oats canola wheat barley and production of oil 5 oil edit due to the production of oil the service industry expanded in order to provide for the employees of the oil companies extracting the oil in the 1950s 1970s the explosion of oil production increased the worth of alberta allowing it to become the nation s richest province and canada one of the top petroleum exporters in the world 5 edmonton and calgary drew in a larger population with the increase in jobs in the energy industry causing the jobs supporting this industry to grow as well it was through the steady economic growth that followed this explosion that the prairies region began to switch from an agriculture based job sector to one with services included 38 39 in 2014 the global market for oil fell and led to a recession impacting the economy dramatically alberta still has an oil dominant economy even as the traditional oil wells dry up there are oil sands further north i e the athabasca oil sands near fort mcmurray that continue to provide jobs to extract drill and refine the oil 5 saskatchewan in particular in the early 20th century grew economically due to the canadian agricultural boom and produce large crops of wheat 3 it is said to have a one crop economy due to such dependency on this crop alone but after 1945 the economy took another turn with technological advancements that allowed for the discovery of uranium oil and potash 3 wheat edit marquis wheat played a decisive role in reshaping farming in the prairie provinces with their rich soils and long winters marquis wheat matured a week earlier than its predecessor red fife the ripe marquis could be harvested before the damaging early autumn frosts hit thus sharply reducing the risk of crop failure it equalled the superior milling and baking qualities of its parent red fife marquis hard red spring wheat made excellent bread flour due to its high protein and strong gluten content this established canada s reputation for high quality export wheat per acre marquis also gave high yields by 1920 marquis accounted for 90 percent of the hard red spring wheat planted on the canadian prairies doubling wheat production in some areas between 1906 and 1920 this opportunity attracted farmers from eastern canada and the united states as well as ukraine germany and scandinavia who arrived before world war i shut down travel in 1914 hybrid marquis wheat thus played a central role in establishing the prairie provinces as a major global grain exporting area 40 41 42 43 44 culture and politics edit the prairies are distinguished from the rest of canada by cultural and political traits the oldest influence on prairie culture are the first nations who have inhabited this region for millennia this region has the highest proportion of indigenous people in canada outside of the three territories the first europeans to see the prairies were fur traders and explorers from eastern canada mainly present day quebec and great britain via hudson bay they gave rise to the métis who were working class children of the fur trade 5 during their settlement by europeans the prairies were settled in distinct ethnic block settlements giving areas distinctively british ukrainian german french or scandinavian canadian cultures farm family operations predominate where families supplement their cash income with home grown farm produce grain crops are the main cash crop but mixed farming had natural advantages in the wooded areas of the parkland and boreal forest to the north local conditions attracted particular ethnicities those of ukrainians and polish heritage were drawn to the parkland of east north central alberta the alberta badlands southern alberta is renowned for its cowboy culture which developed when real open range ranching was practiced in the 1880s 5 canada s first rodeo the raymond stampede was established in 1902 these influences are also evident in the music of canada s prairie provinces this can be attributed partially to the massive influx of american settlers who began to migrate to alberta and to a lesser extent saskatchewan in the late 1880s because of the lack of available land in the united states the prairie provinces have given rise to the prairie protest movements radical solutions are sometimes considered sound in the more open western culture organized farmer groups and politicized labour groups were a feature of the inter war years the one big union was founded on the prairies the winnipeg general strike 1919 was the biggest general strike in canadian history the united farmers of alberta was the longest lasting post wwi farmer government in canada monetary reform social credit elected its first government in the world the alberta social credit party in the 1935 alberta general election the reform party of canada 1987 to 2000 founded by preston manning had its strongest support among prairie voters these political movements both of the left and right tend to feed off of well established feelings of western alienation and each one represents a distinct challenge to the perceived central canadian elite 45 the prairies continue to have a wide range of political representation while the conservative party of canada has widespread support throughout the region at both federal and provincial levels the new democratic party holds seats at the provincial level in all three provinces and takes turns with conservatives or another right wing party at provincial government the ndp holds seats at the federal level in alberta and manitoba the liberal party of canada often holds seats in alberta and manitoba it presently holds six federal seats in winnipeg one in saskatchewan and two in alberta the manitoba liberal party holds one seat in manitoba see also edit geography portal canada portal dominion land survey high plains united states list of regions of canada llano estacado natural resources acts shortgrass prairie ecozones of canada references edit 1 2 table 15 7 land and freshwater area by province and territory statistics canada 7 october 2016 retrieved 12 march 2025 mcginn sean 2010 shorthouse joseph floate kevin eds weather and climate patterns in canada s prairies pdf vol 1 pp 105 119 doi 10 3752 9780968932148 isbn 9780968932148 1 2 3 4 mccullough j j the prairies the canada guide retrieved 8 april 2019 prairies ecozone www ecozones ca 1 2 3 4 5 6 chepkemoi joyce 25 april 2017 facts about the canadian prairie provinces worldatlas retrieved 8 april 2019 quiring s m papakryiakou t n 2003 an evaluation of agricultural drought indices for the canadian prairies agricultural and forest meteorology 118 1 2 49 62 bibcode 2003agfm 118 49q doi 10 1016 s0168 1923 03 00072 8 prairies ecozone ecological framework of canada government of canada archived from the original on 2 june 2016 1 2 wide open spaces but for how long the royal canadian geographical society 16 october 2014 archived from the original on 3 april 2016 quiring s m papakryiakou t n 2003 an evaluation of agricultural drought indices for the canadian prairies agricultural and forest meteorology 118 1 2 49 62 bibcode 2003agfm 118 49q doi 10 1016 s0168 1923 03 00072 8 1 2 3 4 powell j m 1978 climate classifications of the prairie provinces of canada pdf northern forest research centre archived from the original pdf on march 29 2019 köppen climate classification hanschen org 13 january 2024 agriculture and food the canadian encyclopedia www thecanadianencyclopedia ca 1 2 3 mcginn sean 2010 weather and climate patterns of canada s prairies vol 1 doi 10 3752 9780968932148 ch5 cite book journal ignored help cheng vincent y s arhonditsis george b sills david m l auld heather shephard mark w gough william a klaassen joan 19 july 2013 probability of tornado occurrence across canada journal of climate 26 23 9415 9428 bibcode 2013jcli 26 9415c doi 10 1175 jcli d 13 00093 1 issn 0894 8755 s2cid 3545698 durage samantha wirasinghe s c ruwanpura janaka mitigation of the impact of tornadoes in the canadian prairies pdf canadian risk and hazards network university of calgary canada s plant hardiness canada s plant hardiness natural resources canada archived from the original on 5 march 2016 retrieved 5 january 2016 lethbridge canadian climate normals 1991 2020 environment and climate change canada 1 october 2024 retrieved 11 march 2025 canadian climate normals 1981 2010 station data calgary international airport environment and climate 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02 09 retrieved 2023 06 07 1 2 census profile 2021 census of population profile table alberta manitoba saskatchewan statistics canada 2 august 2024 retrieved 12 march 2024 atlantic unemployment tonic oil sands the globe and mail archived from the original on 2008 10 20 friesen g 1987 the canadian prairies a history university of toronto press paul chastko developing alberta s oil sands from karl clark to kyoto university of calgary press 2004 george fedak marquis wheat encyclopedia of canada 2015 p 1436 online robert m bone the regional geography of canada oxford university press 2005 pp 130 133 397 402 william l marr and donald g patterson canada an economic history 1980 pp 344 354 w t esterbrook and hugh g j aitken canadian economic history 1988 pp 476 489 craig brown and ramsey cook canada 1896 1921 1974 pp 49 68 peterson larry 1 january 1984 revolutionary socialism and industrial unrest in the era of the winnipeg general strike the origins of communist labour unionism in europe and north america labour le travail 13 115 131 doi 10 2307 25140403 issn 1911 4842 jstor 25140403 s2cid 73518869 further reading edit see also bibliography of saskatchewan history bibliography of alberta history and history of manitoba alberta encyclopedia online 2005 archer john h saskatchewan a history 1980 barnhart gordon l ed saskatchewan premiers of the twentieth century 2004 418 pp bennett john w and seena b kohl settling the canadian american west 1890 1915 pioneer adaptation and community building an anthropological history 1995 311 pp online danysk cecilia hired hands labour and the development of prairie agriculture 1880 1930 1995 231 pp emery george the methodist church on the prairies 1896 1914 mcgill queen s u press 2001 259 pp the encyclopedia of saskatchewan a living legacy u of regina canadian plains research center 2005 online archived 2017 01 31 at the wayback machine 1071 pp in print edition fairbanks c and s b sundberg farm women on the prairie frontier 1983 friesen gerald 1987 the canadian prairies a history university of toronto press isbn 978 0 8020 6648 0 hodgson heather ed saskatchewan writers lives past and present regina canadian plains research center 2004 247 pp jones david c empire of dust settling and abandoning the prairie dry belt 1987 316 pp keahey deborah making it home place in canadian prairie literature 1998 178 pp kononenko natalie vernacular religion on the prairies negotiating a place for the unquiet dead canadian slavonic papers 60 no 1 2 2018 langford n childbirth on the canadian prairies 1880 1930 journal of historical sociology 1995 vol 8 no 3 pp 278 302 langford nanci louise first generation and lasting impressions the gendered identities of prairie homestead women phd dissertation u of alberta 1994 229 pp dai 1995 56 4 1544 a dann95214 fulltext proquest dissertations theses laycock david populism and democratic thought in the canadian prairies 1910 to 1945 1990 369 pp lorenz stacy l a lively interest on the prairies western canada the mass media a...
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