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e blocks of hms dauntless at bae s portsmouth shipyard modern shipbuilding makes considerable use of prefabricated modular sections entire multi deck segments of the hull or superstructure will be built elsewhere in the yard transported to the building dock or slipway then lifted into place this is known as block construction the most modern shipyards pre install equipment pipes electrical cables and any other components within the blocks to minimize the effort needed to assemble or install components deep within the hull once it is welded together citation needed ship design work also called naval architecture may be conducted using a ship model basin previously loftsmen at the mould lofts of shipyards were responsible for taking the dimensions and details from drawings and plans and translating this information into templates battens ordinates cutting sketches profiles margins and other data 93 however since the early 1970s computer aided design became normal for the shipbuilding design and lofting process 94 modern ships since roughly 1940 have been produced almost exclusively of welded steel early welded steel ships used steels with inadequate fracture toughness which resulted in some ships suffering catastrophic brittle fracture structural cracks see problems of the liberty ship since roughly 1950 specialized steels such as abs steels with good properties for ship construction have been used although it is commonly accepted that modern steel has eliminated brittle fracture in ships some controversy still exists 95 brittle fracture of modern vessels continues to occur from time to time because grade a and grade b steel of unknown toughness or fracture appearance transition temperature fatt in ships side shells can be less than adequate for all ambient conditions 96 as modern shipbuilding panels on a panel line become lighter and thinner the laser hybrid welding technique is utilized the laser hybrid blend focuses a higher energy beam on the material to be joined allowing it to keyhole with a much higher depth to width ratio than comparative traditional welding techniques typically a mig process trails the keyhole providing filler material for the weld joint this allows for very high penetration without excessive heat input from decreased weld metal deposited leading to less distortion and welding at higher travel speeds citation needed ship repair industry edit river shipyard in komárno slovakia all ships need repair work at some point in their working lives a part of these jobs must be carried out under the supervision of the classification society a lot of maintenance is carried out while at sea or in port by ship s crew however a large number of repair and maintenance works can only be carried out while the ship is out of commercial operation in a ship repair yard prior to undergoing repairs a tanker must dock at a deballasting station for completing the tank cleaning operations and pumping ashore its slops dirty cleaning water and hydrocarbon residues see also edit ancient shipbuilding techniques boat building list of shipbuilders and shipyards list of the largest shipbuilding companies list of russian marine engineers ships of ancient rome marine propulsion systems for generating thrust for ships and boats on water shipbuilding in the american colonies ship repair and dry dock references edit 1 2 3 4 adams jonathan 2013 shipwrights and status a maritime archaeology of ships innovation and social change in late medieval and early modern europe 1st ed oxford oxbow books isbn 978 1 78297 045 3 van duivenvoorde wendy 2015 dutch east india company shipbuilding the archaeological study of batavia and other seventeenth century voc ships 1st ed college station texas a m university press isbn 978 1 62349 231 1 o connor sue hiscock peter 2018 the peopling of sahul and near oceania in cochrane ethan e hunt terry l eds the oxford handbook of prehistoric oceania new york oup isbn 978 0 19 992507 0 mcgrail sean 2014 early ships and seafaring water transport beyond europe barnsley pen and sword books limited isbn 978 1 4738 2559 8 1 2 mcgrail sean 2014 early ships and seafaring european water transport south yorkshire england pen and sword archaeology isbn 978 1 78159 392 9 carter robert 2006 03 01 boat remains and maritime trade in the persian gulf during the sixth and fifth millennia bc antiquity 80 307 52 63 doi 10 1017 s0003598x0009325x issn 0003 598x s2cid 162674282 1 2 3 4 ward cheryl world s oldest planked boats in archaeology volume 54 number 3 may june 2009 archaeological institute of america 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 schuster angela m h this old boat 11 december 2000 archaeological institute of america mahdi waruno 2016 origins of southeast asian shipping and maritime communication across the indian ocean in campbell gwyn ed early exchange between africa and the wider indian ocean world cham switzerland palgrave macmillan isbn 978 3 319 33822 4 1 2 horridge a 2008 origins and relationships of pacific canoes and rigs pdf in di piazza a pearthree e eds canoes of the grand ocean bar international series 1802 archaeopress isbn 978 1 4073 0289 8 archived pdf from the original on 26 july 2020 retrieved 22 october 2019 anderson atholl 2018 seafaring in remote oceania traditionalism and beyond in maritime technology and migration in cochrane ethan e hunt terry l eds the oxford handbook of prehistoric oceania new york isbn 978 0 19 992507 0 cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link clark paul green jeremy vosmer tom santiago ray may 1993 the butuan two boat known as a balangay in the national museum manila philippines international journal of nautical archaeology 22 2 143 159 bibcode 1993ijnar 22 143c doi 10 1111 j 1095 9270 1993 tb00403 x lacsina ligaya 2016 examining pre colonial southeast asian boatbuilding an archaeological study of the butuan boats and the use of edge joined planking in local and regional construction techniques phd flinders university heng derek 2018 ships shipwrecks and archaeological recoveries as sources of southeast asian history in ludden david ed oxford research encyclopedia of asian history doi 10 1093 acrefore 9780190277727 013 97 isbn 978 0 19 027772 7 dierking gary 2007 building outrigger sailing canoes modern construction methods for three fast beautiful boats international marine mcgraw hill isbn 978 0 07 159456 1 horridge adrian 1986 the evolution of pacific canoe rigs the journal of pacific history 21 2 83 89 doi 10 1080 00223348608572530 jstor 25168892 kirch patrick vinton 2012 a shark going inland is my chief the island civilization of ancient hawaiʻi university of california press pp 25 26 isbn 978 0 520 95383 3 archived from the original on 26 july 2020 retrieved 4 june 2020 gallaher t 2014 the past and future of hala pandanus tectorius in hawaii in keawe lo macdowell m dewhurst ck eds ʻike ulana lau hala the vitality and vibrancy of lau hala weaving traditions in hawaiʻi hawaiʻinuiakea school of hawaiian knowledge university of hawaiʻi press doi 10 13140 rg 2 1 2571 4648 isbn 978 0 8248 4093 8 pham c blue l palmer c may 2010 the traditional boats of vietnam an overview international journal of nautical archaeology 39 2 258 277 doi 10 1111 j 1095 9270 2010 00266 x s2cid 110546116 sox david g cham maritime technology basket hulled boats pp 1 12 possehl gregory meluhha in j reade ed the indian ocean in antiquity london kegan paul intl 1996 133 208 e g lal 1997 182 188 1 2 tripathi p 145 1 2 hourani carswel p 90 1 2 mahdi w 1999 the dispersal of austronesian boat forms in the indian ocean in blench r spriggs m eds archaeology and language iii artefacts languages and texts one world archaeology vol 34 routledge pp 144 179 isbn 978 0 415 10054 0 robert e krebs carolyn a krebs 2003 groundbreaking scientific experiments inventions and discoveries of the ancient world greenwood pressscience isbn 978 0 313 31342 4 cottrell leonard warrior pharaohs london evans brothers ltd 1968 isbn missing page needed manguin pierre yves 2016 austronesian shipping in the indian ocean from outrigger boats to trading ships in campbell gwyn ed early exchange between africa and the wider indian ocean world palgrave macmillan pp 51 76 isbn 978 3 319 33822 4 doran edwin jr 1974 outrigger ages the journal of the polynesian society 83 2 130 140 1 2 3 pham charlotte minh hà l 2012 unit 14 asian shipbuilding training manual for the unesco foundation course on the protection and management of the underwater cultural heritage training manual for the unesco foundation course on the protection and management of underwater cultural heritage in asia and the pacific unesco isbn 978 92 9223 414 0 1 2 maguin pierre yves september 1980 the southeast asian ship an historical approach journal of southeast asian studies 11 2 266 276 doi 10 1017 s002246340000446x jstor 20070359 s2cid 162220129 huang chunyan 2024 a panoramic view of the song dynasty through the lens of shipbuilding industry springer nature singapore pte ltd isbn 9789819761272 casson lionel 1994 ships and seafaring in ancient times university of texas press isbn 0 292 71162 x page needed dick read robert 2005 the phantom voyagers evidence of indonesian settlement in africa in ancient times thurlton pp 38 40 isbn 978 0 9549231 0 5 christie anthony 1957 an obscure passage from the periplus κολανδιοϕωντα τα μεγιστα bulletin of the school of oriental and african studies university of london 19 345 353 doi 10 1017 s0041977x00133105 s2cid 162840685 needham joseph 1971 science and civilization in china volume 4 physics and physical technology part iii civil engineering and nautics cambridge cambridge university press kusuma pradiptajati brucato nicolas cox murray p pierron denis razafindrazaka harilanto adelaar alexander sudoyo herawati letellier thierry ricaut françois xavier september 2016 contrasting linguistic and genetic origins of the asian source populations of malagasy scientific reports 6 1 26066 bibcode 2016natsr 626066k doi 10 1038 srep26066 pmc 4870696 pmid 27188237 needham joseph 1971 science and civilisation in china volume 4 physics and physical technology part iii civil engineering and nautics cambridge cambridge university press isbn missing zoetmulder p j 1982 old javanese english dictionary the hague martinus nijhoff isbn 90 247 6178 6 1 2 manguin pierre yves 2012 asian ship building traditions in the indian ocean at the dawn of european expansion in om prakash and d p chattopadhyaya eds history of science philosophy and culture in indian civilization volume iii part 7 the trading world of the indian ocean 1500 1800 pp 597 629 delhi chennai chandigarh pearson rafiek m december 2011 kapal dan perahu dalam hikayat raja banjar kajian semantik borneo research journal 5 187 200 193 sunyoto agus 2017 atlas walisongo pustaka iiman p 21location south tangerang 1 2 manguin pierre yves september 1980 the southeast asian ship an historical approach journal of southeast asian studies 11 2 266 276 doi 10 1017 s002246340000446x jstor 20070359 s2cid 162220129 manguin pierre yves 1984 relationship and cross influence between south east asian and chinese shipbuilding traditions final report spafa workshop on shipping and trade networks in southeast asia bangkok spafa pp 197 212 flecker michael 2007 the south china sea tradition the hybrid hulls of south east asia international journal of nautical archaeology 36 1 75 90 83 bibcode 2007ijnar 36 75f doi 10 1111 j 1095 9270 2006 00109 x issn 1057 2414 s2cid 161279873 welsh jennifer september 23 2011 huge ancient roman shipyard unearthed in italy live science future retrieved june 23 2021 bellwood p fox jj tryon d 2006 the austronesians historical and comparative perspectives australian national university press isbn 978 1 920942 85 4 archived from the original on 2 april 2020 retrieved 23 march 2019 hauser schäublin brigitta ardika i wayan eds 2008 burials texts and rituals ethnoarchaeological investigations in north bali indonesia göttinger beiträge zur ethnologie 222 230 267 doi 10 17875 gup2008 416 isbn 978 3 940344 12 0 issn 2512 6814 cite journal cs1 maint periodical has isbn link jákl jiří 2020 the sea and seacoast in old javanese court poetry fishermen ports ships and shipwrecks in the literary imagination archipel 100 100 69 90 82 doi 10 4000 archipel 2078 issn 0044 8613 s2cid 229391249 manguin pierre yves 2021 the assembly of hulls in southeast asian shipbuilding traditions from lashings to treenails archaeonautica 21 21 137 140 138 doi 10 4000 archaeonautica 2397 issn 0154 1854 s2cid 251869471 bowring philip 2019 empire of the winds the global role of asia s great archipelago london new york i b tauris co ltd p 115 isbn 978 1 78831 446 6 averoes muhammad 2022 re estimating the size of javanese jong ship historia jurnal pendidik dan peneliti sejarah 5 1 57 64 60 62 doi 10 17509 historia v5i1 39181 s2cid 247335671 hill june 1960 hikayat raja raja pasai journal of the malaysian branch of the royal asiatic society 33 pp 98 157 then he directed them to make ready all the equipment and munitions of war needed for an attack on the land of pasai about four hundred of the largest junks and also many barges malangbang and galleys see also nugroho 2011 pp 270 286 quoting hikayat raja raja pasai 3 98 sa telah itu maka di suroh baginda musta idkan segala kelengkapan dan segala alat senjata peperangan akan mendatangi negeri pasai itu sa kira kira empat ratus jong yang besar besar dan lain daripada itu banyak lagi daripada malangbang dan kelulus after that he is tasked by his majesty to ready all the equipment and all weapons of war to come to that country of pasai about four hundred large jongs and other than that much more of malangbang and kelulus zumerchik john danver steven laurence 2010 seas and waterways of the world an encyclopedia of history uses and issues abc clio pp 428 isbn 978 1 85109 711 1 haywood john 1991 dark age naval power frankish anglo saxon seafaring activity routledge p 18 isbn 978 0 415 06374 6 nb second edition 2006 978 1898281436 sutton hoo ship burial archived from the original on 8 october 2014 retrieved 19 july 2016 round ship oxford reference oxford university press retrieved 14 september 2017 michael of rhodes a medieval mariner and his manuscript meseo galileo dibner institute for the history of science and technology 2005 retrieved 12 december 2010 pamela o long david mcgee and allan m stahl eds the book of michael of rhodes a fifteenth century maritime manuscript 3 vols cambridge ma mit press 2009 isbn missing 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 clunas craig sally k church harrison hall jessica ed ming china courts and contacts 1400 1450 the british museum london pp chapter 22 levathes louise 2014 when china ruled the seas the treasure fleet of the dragon throne 1405 1433 open road media isbn 978 1 5040 0736 8 finlay robert 1995 the treasure ships of zheng he chinese maritime imperialism in the age of discovery in fernández armesto felipe ed the global opportunity vol 1 aldershot ashgate variorum p 96 1 2 3 4 ch...
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