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Text of the page (random words):
it is not necessary to indicate either uk or us edition or if citing minute seconds of a film available in both a regular edition and a special limited collector s edition if the running time and cut are the same it is not necessary to cite the particular edition series when the source is part of a series such as a book series or a journal where the issue numbering has restarted for journal series series should be limited to original new series first second third series or similar note 3 volume for a source published in several volumes this field is displayed in bold after the title and series parameters an alternative is to include the volume information in the title parameter after the main title separate volume ranges with an en dash for example volume i iv separate non sequential volumes either with commas or semicolons for example volume i iii the form volume i iii v is used when you are citing both non contiguous and sequential volumes for volume numbers higher than 999 either do not use thousands separators or enclose the volume number in accept this as written markup to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators issue when the source is part of a series that is published periodically alias number when the issue has a special title of its own this may be given in italics along with the issue number e g issue 2 modern canadian literature please choose either issue or number depending on what nomenclature is actually used in a publication if a publication carries both issue and number designations typically one being a year relative and the other an absolute value provide them both for example issue 2 143 separate ranges with an en dash and non sequential numbers either with commas or semicolons for numbers higher than 999 either do not use thousands separators or enclose the number in accept this as written markup to avoid commas being erroneously interpreted as list separators external links edit url adds a link to the title chapter url adds a link to the chapter format format of the document at its url e g pdf xls etc do not specify for html as it is implied as the default do not use this parameter for completely different purposes with annotations such as fee required or reprint its intent is to notify readers what the file format is e g in case some browsers might have trouble with it or some might prefer to save the link to disk rather than open it in the browser access restrictions can be shown using the appropriate url access parameter see registration or subscription required other notes about reprintings etc should be placed after the template and before ref using format edit when mediawiki encounters an external link url with a pdf or pdf extension it renders the external link with a pdf icon in place of the usual external link icon to make rendered cs1 2 citations that link to pdf documents somewhat more accessible cs1 2 automatically adds a parenthetical pdf annotation so that those readers using screen reader technology can know the type of the linked file this is imperfect because some on line sources redirect pdf urls to html landing pages this is common for pdf documents behind paywalls or registration barriers because the parenthetical pdf annotation happens automatically editors are not required to set format pdf though doing so causes no harm the format pdf parameter may be deleted as part of a more substantial edit but editors should consider that many cs1 2 templates are copied from en wikipedia to other language wikipedias when articles here are translated to that other language do not assume that other language wikipedias use up to date cs1 2 templates many do not so removing format pdf here can affect readers translators at other wikipedias online sources edit main pages wikipedia external links and wikipedia citing sources links to sources are regarded as conveniences and are not required except when citing web only sources there are many digital libraries with works that may be used as sources links should be to full versions of the source online sources that require payment or subscription may be included per wikipedia verifiability do not link to sites that do not have permission to republish the work or which otherwise violate copyright commercial sites such as amazon unless no alternative exists reviews of the work very short extracts such as google books snippet view where there is not enough context to verify the content unless the entire work is also freely available there see wp booklinks link formats edit links should be kept as simple as possible for example when performing a search for a google book the link for monty python and philosophy would look like https books google com books id npdgd546 doc pg pp1 v onepage q f false but can be trimmed to https books google com id npdgd546 doc pg pp1 v onepage q f false or https books google com id npdgd546 doc printsec frontcover or https books google com id npdgd546 doc if google books does not provide the cover page pages edit a direct link to a specific page may be used if supported by the host for example the link to page 172 of monty python and philosophy on google books https books google com id npdgd546 doc pg pa172 like so page https books google com id wpqelkfna5mc pg pa172 172 special characters edit urls must begin with a supported uri scheme http and https will be supported by all browsers however ftp gopher irc ircs mailto and news may require a plug in or an external application and should normally be avoided ipv6 host names are currently not supported if urls in citation template parameters contain certain characters then they will not display and link correctly those characters need to be percent encoded for example a space must be replaced by 20 to encode the url replace the following characters with character space encoding 20 22 27 3c 3e 5b 5d 7b 7c 7d single apostrophes do not need to be encoded however unencoded multiples will be parsed as italic or bold markup single curly closing braces also do not need to be encoded however an unencoded pair will be parsed as the double closing braces for the template transclusion access date edit access date the full date when the content pointed to by url was last verified to support the text in the article do not wikilink requires url use the same format as other access and archive dates in the article s citations it is not required for linked documents that do not change for example access date is not required for links to copies of published research papers accessed via doi or a published book but should be used for links to news articles on commercial websites these can change from time to time even if they are also published in a physical medium note that access date is the date that the url was checked to not just be working but to support the assertion being cited which the current version of the page may not do can be hidden or styled by registered editors alias accessdate web archives edit further information wikipedia link rot archive url alias archiveurl archive date alias archivedate the original link may become unavailable when an archived version is located the original url is retained and archive url is added with a link to an archived copy of a web page usually from services like webcite and the internet archive archive date must be added to show the date the page was archived not the date the link was added when archive url is used url and archive date are required else an error will show when an archived link is used the citation displays with the title linked to the archive and the original link at the end monty python and philosophy archived from the original on 2013 05 01 url status to change the order with the title retaining the original link and the archive linked at the end set url status live monty python and philosophy archived from the original on 2013 05 01 when the original url has been usurped for the purposes of spam advertising or is otherwise unsuitable setting url status unfit or url status usurped suppresses display of the original url but url and archive url are still required identifiers edit the following identifiers create links and are designed to accept a single value using multiple values or other text will break the link and or invalidate the identifier in general the parameters should include only the variable part of the identifier e g rfc 822 or pmc 345678 arxiv arxiv identifier for example arxiv hep th 9205027 before april 2007 or arxiv 0706 0001 april 2007 december 2014 or arxiv 1501 00001 since january 2015 do not include extraneous file extensions like pdf or html aliases eprint asin amazon standard identification number if first character of asin value is a digit use isbn because this link favours one specific distributor include it only if standard identifiers are not available example asin b00005n5pf aliases asin asin tld asin top level domain for amazon sites other than the us valid values ae au br ca cn de es fr in it jp mx nl pl sa se sg tr uk aliases none bibcode bibcode used by a number of astronomical data systems for example 1974aj 79 819h aliases none biorxiv biorxiv id as in the entire doi e g 10 1101 078733 for http biorxiv org content early 2016 10 01 078733 or https doi org 10 1101 078733 10 1101 2020 07 24 220400 for https doi org 10 1101 2020 07 24 220400 aliases none citeseerx citeseerx id a string of digits and dots found in a citeseerx url e g 10 1 1 176 341 for http citeseerx ist psu edu viewdoc summary doi 10 1 1 176 341 aliases none doi digital object identifier for example 10 1038 news070508 7 it is checked to ensure it begins with 10 aliases doi supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid dois using a non standard format see below doi broken date date a valid doi was found to be non working inactive at https doi org use the same format as other dates in the article aliases none eissn international standard serial number for the electronic media of a serial publication eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen but not an en dash or a space example eissn 1557 2986 aliases eissn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid eissns using a non standard format see below hdl handle system identifier for digital objects and other resources on the internet example hdl 20 1000 100 aliases hdl isbn international standard book number for example 978 0 8126 9593 9 see wikipedia isbn and isbn overview hyphens in the isbn are optional but preferred use the isbn actually printed on or in the book use the 13 digit isbn beginning with 978 or 979 when it is available if only a 10 digit isbn is printed on or in the book use it isbns can be found on the page with the publisher s information usually the back of the title page or beneath the barcode as a number beginning with 978 or 979 barcodes beginning with any other numbers are not isbns for sources with the older 9 digit sbn system use sbn do not convert a 10 digit isbn to 13 digit by just adding the 978 prefix the last digit is a calculated check digit and just making changes to the numbers will make the isbn invalid this parameter should hold only the isbn without any additional characters it is checked for length invalid characters anything other than numbers spaces and hyphens with x permitted as the last character in a 10 digit isbn and the proper check digit aliases isbn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid isbns using a non standard format see below ismn international standard music number for example 979 0 9016791 7 7 hyphens or spaces in the ismn are optional use the ismn actually printed on or in the work this parameter should hold only the ismn without any additional characters it is checked for length invalid characters anything other than numbers spaces and hyphens and the proper check digit aliases ismn issn international standard serial number eight characters may be split into two groups of four using a hyphen but not an en dash or a space example issn 2049 3630 aliases issn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid issns using a non standard format see below jfm jahrbuch über die fortschritte der mathematik do not include jfm in the value example jfm 53 0144 01 aliases jfm jstor jstor reference number for example jstor 3793107 aliases jstor lccn library of congress control number when present alphabetic prefix characters are to be lower case and without a space example lccn 79 57364 or lccn 2004042477 or lccn e09001178 aliases lccn mr mathematical reviews example mr 630583 aliases mr oclc oclc number for looking up publications in the worldcat union catalog example oclc 9355469 aliases oclc ol open library identifier do not include ol in the value example ol 7030731m aliases ol osti office of scientific and technical information example osti 4367507 aliases osti pmc pubmed central use article number for open repository full text of a journal article e g pmc 345678 do not include pmc in the value see also the pmid parameter below these are two different identifiers aliases pmc pmc embargo date date that pmc goes live if this date is in the future then pmc is not linked until that date aliases none pmid pubmed use unique identifier example pmid 17322060 see also the pmc parameter above these are two different identifiers aliases pmid rfc request for comments example rfc 3143 aliases rfc sbn standard book number example sbn 356 02201 3 aliases sbn supports accept this as written markup to indicate valid sbns using a non standard format see below ssrn social science research network example ssrn 1900856 aliases ssrn s2cid semantic scholar corpus id example s2cid 37220927 aliases s2cid zbl zentralblatt math example zbl 0472 53010 for zbmath search results like jfm 35 0387 02 use jfm 35 0387 02 aliases zbl in very rare cases valid identifiers f e as actually printed on publications do not follow their defined standard format or use non conforming checksums which would typically cause an error message to be shown do not alter them to match a different checksum in order to suppress the error message some identifiers doi eissn isbn issn and sbn support a special accept this as written markup which can be applied to disable the error checking as param value if the problem is down to a mere typographical error in a third party source correct the identifier value instead of overriding the error message for some identifiers it is possible to specify the access status using the corresponding param access parameter for cite journal some identifiers specifying free resources will automatically be linked to the title when url and title link are not used to specify a different link target this behaviour can be overridden by one out of a number of special keywords for title link to manually select a specific source title link pmc or title link doi for auto linking or to disable the feature title link none it is not necessary to specify a url to a link ident...
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