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igners 4 2 million 2021 1 language family chinese sign language dialects northern beijing csl southern shanghai csl language codes iso 639 3 csl chinese sign glottolog nucl1761 chinese sign language csl simplified chinese 中国手语 traditional chinese 中國手語 pinyin zhōngguó shǒuyǔ zgs is the main sign language used in china it is not related to the taiwan sign language used in taiwan manually coded mandarin is referred to as wénfǎ shǒuyǔ simplified chinese 文法手语 traditional chinese 文法手語 lit grammatical sign language 2 history edit the first references to sign language simplified chinese 手语 traditional chinese 手語 pinyin shǒuyǔ lit hand language in chinese literature date from the tang dynasty documenting a sign for mirror 3 in the song dynasty su dongpo describes a community that employed a form of sign language 3 later in the ming dynasty there is a portrayal of signing in a play entitled zen master yu has a dream of cui village also translated a dream of master jade in green village simplified chinese 玉禅师翠乡一梦 traditional chinese 玉禪師翠鄉一夢 pinyin yù chánshī cuìxiāng yī mèng by xu wei 3 the first deaf school in china the chefoo chinese 芝罘 pinyin zhīfú an alternative name of yantai school for the deaf was established in 1887 by the presbyterian missionary annetta thompson mills from the school a sign language based on an oralist approach to deaf education was developed coming out of the milan conference of 1880 4 another school for the deaf was established in shanghai in 1897 by a french catholic organization chinese sign language was grown out of these two bases 5 schools workshops and farms for the deaf in diverse locations are the main ways that csl has been able to spread in china so well other deaf people who are not connected to these gathering places tend to use sets of gestures developed in their own homes known as home sign in the 1960s some signs were declared taboo for cultural and political reasons for example the sign for gold resembled golden rings which are identified with the bourgeoisie the sign for mao zedong looked disrespectful because it referred to the mole on his face and the standard sign for japan was changed several times following the worsening and improving relations with this country colloquially however these signs remained in use 6 the chinese national association of the deaf was created by deaf people mostly from the united states in 1992 7 the main reason for the creation of the organization was to raise the quality of living for the deaf which was behind the quality of living standards provided for other disabled persons citation needed their main goals are to improve the welfare of the deaf encourage education about the deaf and chinese sign language and promote the needs of the deaf community in china classification edit there are two main dialects of chinese sign language southern csl centered on shanghai and influenced by french sign language and northern csl coming out of the chefoo school of deaf and influenced by american sign language asl 5 northern csl has the greater influence from chinese with for example character puns clarification needed hong kong sign language derives from the southern dialect but can now be considered a separate language due to an extensive period of separate divergence 8 the shanghai dialect is found in malaysia and taiwan but chinese sign language is not genetically related to taiwan sign language which is part of the japanese family malaysian sign language of the french family or to tibetan sign language isolate csl shares morphology for forming negative clauses with british sign language it may be that this is due to historical contact with the british in shanghai 8 a feature of both csl and british sign language is the use in many related signs of the thumb for a positive meaning and of the pinkie for a negative meaning such as don t know structure edit like most other sign languages chinese sign language is mostly conveyed through shapes and motions joined with facial expressions csl has at its disposal an alphabetic spelling system similar to pinyin this was officially adopted in december 1963 as the chinese fingerspelling scheme simplified chinese 汉语手指字母方案 traditional chinese 漢語手指字母方案 pinyin hànyǔ shǒuzhǐ zìmǔ fāng àn 9 10 it is a one handed manual alphabet most similar to languages in the francosign family such as the french and american manual alphabets a key feature of the fingerspelling is the treatment of pinyin zh ch sh and ng as single fingerspelling signs rather than sequences of two letter signs as would be expected from the pinyin this reflects the phonemic status of these oral sounds in standard chinese phonology 10 the chinese culture and language heavily influence signs in csl for example there is no generic word for brother in csl only two distinct signs one for older brother and one for younger brother this parallels chinese which also specifies older brother or younger brother rather than simply brother similarly the sign for eat incorporates a pictorial representation for chopsticks instead of using the hand as in asl see also edit deafness in taiwan references edit chinese sign at ethnologue 25th ed 2022 tai james tsay jane 2015 sign languages of the world a comparative handbook walter de gruyter gmbh co kg p 772 isbn 9781614518174 retrieved 26 february 2020 1 2 3 yang jun hui 2008 sign bilingualism language development interaction and maintenance in sign language contact situations amsterdam john benjamins p 299 isbn 978 9027290427 retrieved 30 december 2022 mcleister mark august 2019 worship technology and identity a deaf protestant congregation in urban china pdf studies in world christianity 25 2 220 237 doi 10 3366 swc 2019 0258 hdl 20 500 11820 d9726315 95fa 4d36 89cf 081ae7e6afc2 issn 1354 9901 s2cid 201391871 1 2 gertz genie boudreault patrick eds 2016 deaf history eastern asia the sage deaf studies encyclopedia sage pp 219 221 doi 10 4135 9781483346489 n74 isbn 9781452259567 yau shun chiu 1987 chinese in van cleve john v ed gallaudet encyclopedia of deaf people and deafness vol 3 new york mcgraw hill book company pp 65 67 isbn 9780070792296 oclc 13821696 社團法人中華民國聽障人協會 沿革與宗旨 www cnad org tw retrieved 2022 10 20 1 2 fischer s gong q 2010 variation in east asian sign language structures in brentari diane ed sign languages p 499 doi 10 1017 cbo9780511712203 023 isbn 9780511712203 wang deshen 王德深 sun guizhi 孙桂芝 2000 shǒuyǔ jīchǔ 手语基础 beijing people s education press isbn 9787107136108 1 2 pasden john 1 april 2007 chinese sign language fingerspelling sinosplice retrieved 21 april 2023 sources edit csl chinese sign language berke jamie june 9 2020 deafness around the world from south africa to mexico very well health archived from the original on may 1 2023 retrieved april 14 2024 berke jamie november 4 2015 deaf community china becoming more like us archived from the original on march 4 2016 seen not heard by cassie biggs from weekend february 26 27 2005 chinese sign language by elizabeth t yeh 10 28 04 v t e languages of china official standard chinese varieties of chinese danzhou mandarin northeastern beijing ji lu jiao liao zhongyuan lan yin jin southwestern sichuanese southeastern gan hakka hui mai min southern hokkien teoswa hainanese eastern puxian central northern shaojiang pinghua shaozhou tuhua shanke wu chu qu jiangshan qingtian quzhou oujiang taihu jinxiang northwestern changzhou hangzhou northern zhejiang ningbo shaoxing su jia hu shanghainese suzhou wuxi taizhou taizhou proper wuzhou jinhua xuanzhou xiang new old yue cantonese regional ars sars cantonese hk mc english hk mongolian nm portuguese mc tibetan xz uyghur xj zhuang gx prefecture hmong kam bouyei tujia korean qiang yi kyrgyz kazakh tai nüa tai lü zaiwa lisu bai hani zhuang counties banners numerous indigenous sino tibetan languages lolo burmese mondzish kathu maang manga mango maza mondzi muangphe burmish achang chashan lashi lhao vo pela xiandao zaiwa loloish hanoish akeu akha amu angluo asuo baihong bisu budu bukong cosao duoni duota enu habei hani honi jino kabie kaduo lami laomian laopin mpi muda nuobi nuomei phana piyo qidi sadu sangkong suobi tsukong woni yiche lisoish eka hlersu kua nsi kuamasi laizisi lalo lamu lavu lawu limi lipo lisu lolopo mangdi micha mili sonaga toloza xuzhang yangliu zibusi nisoish alingpo alugu aluo axi azha azhe bokha gepo khlula lope moji muji muzi nasu nisu nuosu phala phola phowa phukha phuma phupa phupha phuza samei sani thopho zokhuo other gokhy katso kucong lahu naruo namuyi naxi nusu samu sanie zauzou qiangic baima choyo ersu guiqiong horpa japhug khroskyabs laze lizu na muya namuyi naxi pumi northern qiang southern qiang shixing situ tshobdun zbu zhaba tibetic amdo baima basum central tibetan choni dao dongwang drugchu groma gserpa khalong khams kyirong ladakhi tseku zhongu zitsadegu other bai caijia derung jingpo longjia nung tujia waxianghua other languages austroasiatic auva avala bit blang bolyu bugan bumang hu kuan mang man met muak sa aak palaung riang u va northern southern wa hmong mien hmongic a hmao bu nao gejia guiyang hm nai hmong hmu huishui kiong nai luobohe mashan pa hng pa na pingtang qo xiong raojia sanqiao sheyu small flowery xixiu younuo mienic biao min dzao min iu mien kim mun mongolic bonan buryat daur eastern yugur kangjia khamnigan monguor oirat ordos santa torgut kra dai zhuang bouyei dai min ningming nong tai dam tai dón tai hongjin tai lü tai nüa tai ya yang yei other ai cham biao buyang cao miao chadong cun gelao hlai jiamao kam lakkja mak maonan mulam naxi yao ong be paha qabiao sui then tungusic evenki manchu nanai oroqen xibe turkic äynu fuyu kyrgyz ili turki salar western yugur other sarikoli indo european tsat austronesian formosan languages austronesian minority kazakh korean kyrgyz russian esperanto tatar tuvan uzbek vietnamese kinh wakhi creole mixed e hezhou lingling macanese maojia qoqmončaq tangwang wutun extinct ba shu jie khitan old yue rouran saka tangut tocharian tuoba tuyuhun xianbei zhangzhung sign chinese sign hong kong sign tibetan sign gx guangxi hk hong kong mc macau nm inner mongolia xj xinjiang xz tibet v t e sign language list of sign languages list by number of signers language families a sign languages by family australian aboriginal multiple families c diyari djingili eltye eltyarrenke iltyeme iltyeme jaralde kalkutungu miriwoong mudburra pitha pitha rdaka rdaka umpila far north queensland warlmanpa warluwara warramunga worora kinship yan nhaŋu yir yoront yolŋu western desert kartutjarra manjiljarra ngaatjatjarra zendath kesign meriam western torres strait islander arab ishaaric egyptian kuwaiti libyan qatari unified yemeni iraqi levantine iraqi levantine jordanian lebanese palestinian syrian possible emirati saudi omani chinese sign chinese csl zgs shanghai hong kong hksl macau chilean paraguayan uruguayan sign chilean lsch paraguayan uruguayan sign paraguay lspy uruguay lsu francosign algerian lsa swiss german dsgs estonian eesti viipekeel irish isl australian irish brazilian libras lithuanian catalan lsc valencian lsv french lsf old french c romanian lsr american aslic american asl black asl basl protactile bolivian burmese yangon mandalay cambodian costa rican dominican guyanese jamaican malaysian bim panamanian filipino fsl puerto rican prsl singapore sgsl indonesian nusantaric indonesian bisindo jakarta yogyakarta francophone african françafrosign ethiopian chadian ghanaian guinean bamako lasima moroccan nigerian sierra leonean mixed hand talk oneida osl mixed hoailona ʻōlelo creole hawaiʻi sign language chsl mixed french lsf greek ενγ eng cypriot κνγ kng quebec lsq austro hungarian czech čzj hungarian magyar jelnyev austrian ögs slovak spj ukrainian ужм usl russian sign azerbaijani ai̇d bulgarian бже georgian kazakh russian ksl krsl latvian lsl mongolian russian ржя yugoslavic sign croatian hzj kosovar serbian slovenian yugoslav ysl dutch sign dutch ngt gambian italian sign italian lis tunisian tsl mexican sign mexican lsm honduran lesho old belgian flemish vgt french belgian lsfb danish tegnic malagasy icelandic táknmál norwegian tegnspråk danish tegnsprog faroese teknmál viet thai hai phong hanoi ho chi minh thai tsl mstsl hand talk great basin northeast plains sign talk southeast southwest mixed american asl oneida osl plateau a aninin kalispel ktunaxa ʾa qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam nesilextcl n shuswap secwepemcékst sqeliz indo pakistani sign bangalore madras beluchistan bengali bombay calcutta delhi nepali north west frontier province punjab sindh japanese sign japanese jsl nihon shuwa korean ksl hanguk sueo taiwanese tsl taiwan shouyu kentish c old kentish chilmark martha s vineyard mvsl maya meemul tziij meemul ch aab al highland maya yucatec chicán nohkop nohya trascorral cepeda peraza nw eurosign banzsl auslan papua new guinean pngsl british bsl northern ireland nisl fijian fsl maritime msl new zealand nzsl samoan south african sasl swedish sign eritrean erisl finland swedish finssl portuguese lgp cape verdian lgc são tomé and príncipean lgstp swedish teckenspråk finnish viittomakieli german sign german dgs polish pjm israeli shassi original thai sign chiangmai hai phong old bangkok paget gorman namibian nsl providencia cayman sign providence island provisle old cayman guyanese isolates afghan akure aksl al sayyid bedouin absl albanian albsl albarradas sign language alipur argentine lsa armenian caucasian harsneren c bay islands belizean berbey bhutanese bouakako lasibo bribri brunca bura carhuahuaran cena central taurus ctsl oti̇d chatino chiriqui cuban lsc dogon douentza ecuadorian lsec enga ghandruk ghardaia ajsl guatemalan lensegua guinea bissau henniker c hausa hsl magannar hannu hawaiʻi hoailona ʻōlelo creole hsl ibokun ibsl inuit inuit uukturausingit iur greenlandic ussersuataarneq jhankot jumla ka apor kajana kafr qasim kailge kata kolok kenyan ksl lak somali ssl keresan pueblo kpisl keresign kisindo jamaican country ks konchri sain macedonian magajin gari mgsl malawian maltese lsm mardin maroua maunabudhuk bodhe mauritian msl m bour mehek miyakubo shuwa burkina mossi mount avejaha mozambican naga navajo diné family nicaraguan isn north korean nksl joseon suhwa old costa rican orocovis lsor ottoman seraglio harem ban khor pasa kidd penang persian esharani peruvian lsp inmaculada qahveh khaneh rennellese c rossel island rwandan akr amr sandy river valley c salvadoran lessa sawmill sinasina sssl sivia south rupununi spanish lse tebul terena tibetan bökyi lagda trinidad and tobago ttsl turkish ti̇d ugandan usl venezuelan lsv vsl wanib west african adamorobe adasl mumu kasa bura burasl mofu gudur nanabin nanabinsl yoruban ysl zambian zsl other groupings amami shuwa languages ethiopian languages laotian languages rwandan languages sri lankan languages sudanese languages 150 b tanzanian languages 7 b zimsign languages international sign village languages by region a sign languages by region africa algeria algerian ghardaia cameroon maroua cape verde cape verdia...
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