Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
and, laws, rape, of, punishment, ireland, united, regarding, contents, terminology, definitions, international, guidelines, recommendations, obligations, by, country, notes, references, classification, actus, reus, mens, rea, attendant, circumstances, redefinitions, statute, assailants, victims, common, law, countries, bangladesh, bhutan, canada, france, greece, guatemala, india, iran, israel, new, zealand, norway, philippines, russia, slovakia, south, africa, switzerland, trinidad, tobago, kingdom, states, general, marital, marry, your, rapist, as, crime, abduction, consent, england, wales, northern, scotland, state, uniform, code, military, justice, reporting, statistics, history,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (726), rape (317), sexual (248), and (239), person (155), act (125), with (110), #consent (108), law (102), that (100), for (89), not (81), retrieved (73), under (64), other (60), violence (60), section (58), was (57), from (56), offences (56), assault (55), laws (52), against (51), intercourse (51), edit (51), years (50), any (47), criminal (46), women (42), victim (42), without (41), penetration (39), child (38), offence (37), crime (36), archived (34), another (34), this (33), 2012 (33), does (33), marital (32), article (32), which (32), states (31), sex (31), also (31), has (30), may (29), are (29), who (29), female (29), activity (29), pdf (28), code (27), her (27), original (26), united (26), rights (26), imprisonment (26), age (26), male (26), 2023 (25), she (25), woman (24), such (24), february (23), have (23), shall (22), when (22), committed (22), justice (21), april (21), legislation (21), 2017 (21), country (20), were (20), force (20), circumstances (20), legal (19), victims (19), marriage (19), countries (19), statistics (18), right (18), new (18), including (18), december (17), crimes (17), november (17), one (17), example (17), some (17), defined (17), march (16), national (16), abuse (16), death (16), punished (16), threat (16), physical (16), punishment (15), scotland (15), 2003 (15), 1990 (15), common (15), they (15), definition (15), connection (15), freedom (14), gender (14), statutory (14), see (14), penal (14), amendment (14), man (14), indecent (14), only (14), note (14), non (13), international (13), report (13), legality (13), war (13), nature (13), statute (13), sentence (13), offense (13), been (13), penis (13), complainant (13), book (12), court (12), human (12), 2013 (12), public (12), than (12), between (12), whether (12), 2022 (11), censorship (11), irish (11), where (11), main (11), there (11), rapes (11), because (11), most (11), bodily (11), follows (11), conduct (10), articles (10), world (10), state (10), information (10), convention (10), police (10), trafficking (10), 2011 (10), ireland (10), august (10), time (10), case (10), england (10), these (10), defines (10), however (10), either (10), commits (10), anus (10), his (10), history (10), consents (10), persons (10), punishable (10), certain (10), but (10), regard (10), wikipedia (9), about (9), use (9), title (9), pornography (9), life (9), prison (9), genital (9), january (9), 2009 (9), marry (9), rapist (9), its (9), both (9), more (9), into (9), had (9), illegal (9), relationship (9), offender (9), gang (9), violation (9), proof (9), regarding (8), cs1 (8), all (8), drug (8), alcohol (8), health (8), children (8), same (8), penalty (8), european (8), survey (8), september (8), 2014 (8), kingdom (8), subsection (8), made (8), general (8), english (8), 1961 (8), zealand (8), para (8), knows (8), well (8), guilty (8), grievous (8), harm (8), consensual (8), must (8), convicted (8), resistance (8), considered (8), vagina (8), mouth (8), part (8), twelve (8), mental (8), reads (8), acts (8), apply (7), using (7), status (7), copy (7), body (7), fear (7), forced (7), gov (7), uniform (7), july (7), reference (7), 2008 (7), council (7), chapter (7), 2019 (7), protection (7), canada (7), your (7), europe (7), wales (7), accused (7), can (7), many (7), men (7), their (7), first (7), should (7), unconscious (7), will (7), during (7), having (7), consenting (7), maximum (7), then (7), engage (7), obtained (7), coercive (7), vaginal (7), anal (7), following (7), perpetrator (7), defendant (7), changes (7), terms (6), organization (6), maint (6), culture (6), free (6), military (6), prostitution (6), portal (6), reporting (6), 2004 (6), department (6), link (6), art (6), 2015 (6), defining (6), northern (6), govt (6), iran (6), 1998 (6), family (6), paragraph (6), after (6), offenses (6), based (6), being (6), definitions (6), two (6), serious (6), knowledge (6), even (6), means (6), reasonable (6), belief (6), legally (6), given (6), him (6), object (6), actions (6), includes (6), below (6), bangladesh (6), century (6), jurisdictions (6), disability (6), toggle (5), page (5), index (5), control (5), list (5), systems (5), intellectual (5), annual (5), sodomy (5), forces (5), suicide (5), false (5), related (5), causes (5), males (5), exploitation (5), injury (5), 2006 (5), october (5), victimization (5), cite (5), web (5), generally (5), bbc (5), news (5), form (5), philippines (5), anti (5), india (5), commission (5), 1981 (5), honor (5), ten (5), cultures (5), notes (5), read (5), raped (5), percent (5), used (5), could (5), each (5), unlawful (5), due (5), occurs (5), incapable (5), evidence (5), created (5), commit (5), wife (5), psychological (5), organs (5), south (5), caused (5), engaging (5), allows (5), while (5), affected (5), degree (5), oral (5), france (5), requirement (5), traditional (5), contents (4), search (4), view (4), contact (4), june (4), wayback (4), movement (4), liberty (4), property (4), self (4), people (4), decriminalization (4), abortion (4), incest (4), intentional (4), mandatory (4), office (4), trauma (4), mutilation (4), forms (4), bureau (4), federal (4), institute (4), 2007 (4), 1997 (4), isbn (4), major (4), amended (4), order (4), trinidad (4), tobago (4), reform (4), djelr (4), average (4), coercion (4), ancient (4), explanatory (4), application (4), union (4), prosecutor (4), former (4), 1956 (4), held (4), grounds (4), crisis (4), rather (4), standards (4), included (4), include (4), said (4), reported (4), today (4), according (4), prosecution (4), causing (4), own (4), did (4), change (4), specific (4), until (4), needed (4), requiring (4), prosecuted (4), would (4), carnal (4), creates (4), otherwise (4), reckless (4), liable (4), intentionally (4), possible (4), further (4), africa (4), twenty (4), five (4), referred (4), whoever (4), subsequent (4), depending (4), republic (4), impairment (4), induced (4), purpose (4), cannot (4), constitute (4), israel (4), voluntary (4), ruled (4), parties (4), provisions (4), factors (4), required (4), penile (4), spouse (4), necessary (4), spouses (4), obligations (4), domestic (4), survivor (4), taken (4), limited (4), 20th (4), western (4), jurisdiction (4), genocide (4), require (4), mens (4), rea (4), civil (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), privacy (3), available (3), 2026 (3), url (3), french (3), links (3), 2021 (3), category (3), authority (3), internet (3), press (3), animal (3), google (3), ownership (3), system (3), slavery (3), misconduct (3), corporal (3), home (3), water (3), air (3), defense (3), resist (3), protest (3), identity (3), trial (3), intersex (3), adoption (3), minors (3), reproductive (3), global (3), incarceration (3), households (3), murder (3), drugs (3), syndrome (3), violent (3), predator (3), theories (3), effects (3), aggression (3), harassment (3), revenge (3), date (3), cybersex (3), secondary (3), cdc (3), prevention (3), 1992 (3), 2000 (3), reports (3), extent (3), consequences (3), university (3), 920 (3), 120 (3), york (3), times (3), 2020 (3), commissioner (3), government (3), machine (3), parliament (3), 1982 (3), centre (3), 2005 (3), current (3), official (3), 1977 (3), high (3), 1988 (3), joint (3), committee (3), legislative (3), 2016 (3), early (3), handbook (3), girl (3), killing (3), australia (3), rapists (3), sentences (3), served (3), 1993 (3), late (3), encyclopedia (3), 2002 (3), member (3), full (3), references (3), mentioned (3), enactment (3), defence (3), 1861 (3), fbi (3), addition (3), much (3), completed (3), attempted (3), different (3), fails (3), group (3), older (3), since (3), widely (3), what (3), constitutes (3), subject (3), substance (3), ability (3), threatening (3), black (3), fact (3), term (3), replaced (3), decades (3), battery (3), per (3), result (3), deemed (3), effect (3), elements (3), previously (3), voluntarily (3), charged (3), led (3), out (3), penetrated (3), aggravated (3), likewise (3), irrelevant (3), young (3), penetrates (3), construed (3), accordance (3), create (3), way (3), recognized (3), itself (3), husband (3), relation (3), threats (3), beyond (3), irrespective (3), fifteen (3), detention (3), special (3), minor (3), ban (3), occupations (3), employment (3), positions (3), restraint (3), infection (3), particular (3), aggravating (3), 132 (3), relations (3), type (3), russia (3), making (3), relates (3), classified (3), grave (3), through (3), how (3), question (3), norway (3), outlaws (3), mistaken (3), condition (3), married (3), believing (3), past (3), historically (3), broader (3), felony (3), preventing (3), third (3), bhutan (3), several (3), occurred (3), believes (3), perpetrators (3), specifically (3), spousal (3), take (3), measures (3), ensure (3), place (3), existence (3), steps (3), ascertain (3), integrity (3), recent (3), guidelines (3), recommendations (3), shame (3), china (3), afghanistan (3), effective (3), done (3), sexuality (3), criminalization (3), might (3), actus (3), reus (3), terminology (3), tools (3), languages (2), table (2), policy (2), additional (2), agree (2), rendered (2), last (2), categories (2), bot (2), unknown (2), incomplete (2), citations (2), greek (2), language (2), sources (2), unsourced (2), statements (2), short (2), description (2), wikidata (2), https (2), org (2), lists (2), rankings (2), rule (2), thought (2), indices (2), speech (2), democracy (2), cognitive (2), political (2), lgbt (2), issues (2), facebook (2), treaty (2), school (2), corporate (2), personal (2), transgender (2), recognition (2), workers (2), obscenity (2), homicide (2), rate (2), size (2), deaths (2), guns (2), assisted (2), mushroom (2), suffrage (2), tattooing (2), leaving (2), retirement (2), majority (2), sexually (2), blaming (2), sociobiological (2), aftermath (2), education (2), grooming (2), porn (2), gray (2), campus (2), kidnapping (2), investigation (2), crystal (2), clear (2), cornell (2), lii (2), usc (2), edu (2), response (2), ian (2), challenge (2), witnessing (2), decriminalisation (2), scottish (2), service (2), enacted (2), administration (2), archives (2), caribbean (2), resources (2), affairs (2), violences (2), sexuelles (2), swiss (2), 300 (2), половой (2), www (2), society (2), watch (2), norwegian (2), refworld (2), sees (2), promise (2), secretary (2), database (2), fitrakis (2), lrc (2), allied (2), schedule (2), prosecutions (2), oireachtas (2), proceedings (2), relating (2), 195 (2), services (2), flogging (2), shakespeare (2), titus (2), andronicus (2), killed (2), libya (2), honour (2), justia (2), kennedy (2), louisiana (2), coker (2), georgia (2), red (2), societies (2), islamic (2), falling (2), american (2), recommendation (2), ministers (2), documents (2), 104 (2), declaration (2), elimination (2), directive (2), icty (2), kunarac (2), kovac (2), vukovic (2), bulgaria (2), 61ha (2), meaning (2), tribunal (2), yugoslavia (2), anto (2), 2010 (2), com (2), 261 (2), california (2), 128 (2), substituted (2), 1994 (2), 1976 (2), before (2), alternative (2), verdict (2), found (2), define (2), them (2), 000 (2), million (2), forcibly (2), attempt (2), centers (2), acknowledged (2), added (2), viewed (2), perpetrated (2), forcible (2), number (2), random (2), kevin (2), johnson (2), reasons (2), accepted (2), banned (2), issue (2), upon (2), direct (2), administering (2), similar (2), substantially (2), appraise (2), concerning (2), vary (2), longer (2), complex (2), changed (2), cent (2), low (2), charge (2), baird (2), came (2), expanded (2), sufficient (2), prove (2), established (2), therefore (2), still (2), though (2), say (2), anything (2), active (2), lord (2), advocate (2), 2001 (2), citation (2), distress (2), recognised (2), differed (2), scots (2), carried (2), called (2), tried (2), various (2), applies (2), known (2), ground (2), deprived (2), contains (2), cases (2), touching (2), indictable (2), reasonably (2), believe (2), else (2), interpretation (2), unlawfully (2), fraudulent (2), 189 (2), explanation (2), pressure (2), submit (2), switzerland (2), valid (2), existed (2), provides (2), seven (2), action (2), least (2), slovakia (2), hiv (2), leave (2), permission (2), work (2), presence (2), criminals (2), 131 (2), helpless (2), 134 (2), 135 (2), pairings (2), orifice (2), instrument (2), offended (2), party (2), above (2), reason (2), 266 (2), eight (2), dies (2), 192 (2), multiple (2), imposed (2), less (2), period (2), behaviour (2), herself (2), significant (2), express (2), implied (2), refuse (2), asleep (2), applied (2), offer (2), allowing (2), amount (2), automatically (2), partner (2), genitalia (2), exploiting (2), giving (2), adult (2), supreme (2), compels (2), fourteen (2), absence (2), guatemala (2), 336 (2), par (2), greece (2), trials (2), alleged (2), slight (2), restricted (2), originally (2), word (2), exemption (2), except (2), whatever (2), conviction (2), instead (2), historical (2), nor (2), agreement (2), petty (2), misdemeanour (2), grading (2), putting (2), hurt (2), females (2), involving (2), 375 (2), traditionally (2), consented (2), become (2), partners (2), criminalised (2), istanbul (2), binding (2), choose (2), ratify (2), combating (2), requires (2), broad (2), attack (2), autonomy (2), social (2), adultery (2), fornication (2), rome (2), name (2), typically (2), thus (2), often (2), pakistan (2), saudi (2), arabia (2), egypt (2), assailants (2), father (2), second (2), abduction (2), although (2), throughout (2), challenged (2), occurring (2), practices (2), harmful (2), eastern (2), determination (2), redefinitions (2), differ (2), conditions (2), bosnian (2), types (2), always (2), attendant (2), intoxication (2), dignity (2), characterized (2), classification (2), varies (2), therapy (2), congo (2), liberation (2), japan (2), germany (2), lgbtq (2), circumcision (2), miscegenation (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), log (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, developers, safety, contacts, disclaimers, text, site, you, registered, trademark, profit, wikimedia, foundation, inc, creative, commons, attribution, sharealike, license, parsoid, edited, utc, hidden, needing, clarification, webarchive, template, dmy, dates, matches, php, laws_regarding_rape, oldid, 1357259510, yale, lux, databases, project, science, die, counsel, rehabilitation, penology, restorative, sharia, separation, church, religious, recidivism, immigration, liberalization, dictatorship, corruption, perceptions, artistic, academic, video, gaming, television, film, cartographic, youtube, telegram, github, apple, copyright, treaties, foreign, indicators, antarctic, sea, maritime, waters, security, camera, prisoner, rates, brutality, accountability, cryptocurrency, liability, monopoly, mergers, acquisitions, competition, business, riparian, mortgage, mining, minerals, land, estate, environment, abode, sanitation, truth, rest, leisure, know, housing, food, clothing, fair, prisoners, patients, binary, identification, association, digital, polygamy, impotence, divorce, cousin, surrogacy, sterilization, cloning, reproduction, simulated, fictional, depicting, organized, policing, tasers, pepper, spray, knives, weapons, explosives, euthanasia, psychedelics, salvia, divinorum, psilocybin, lsd, ibogaine, lifetime, cannabis, ayahuasca, amanita, opiate, methamphetamine, cocaine, mpdv, methylone, mephedrone, bath, salts, consumption, precursor, territory, working, youth, voting, smoking, regulation, electronic, cigarettes, gambling, enlistment, energy, drinks, driving, drinking, responsibility, candidacy, enforcement, allegation, accommodation, topics, misogyny, misandry, sociological, bullying, raptio, proxy, money, modification, tourism, primary, schools, bride, center, medical, attention, programs, findings, maschke, karen, garland, 9780815325192, urbina, barr, sabrina, independent, warns, msps, pass, reforms, procedure, 1995, privy, multi, gbv, ministry, attorney, lavi, genève, agressions, conjugales, accidents, circulation, que, faire, spécifiquement, cas, viol, contraintes, dictionnaire, suisse, politique, sociale, infractions, contre, intégrité, sexuelle, casemates, 2018, wording, consultant, преступления, против, неприкосновенности, свободы, личности, уголовный, кодекс, 1996, консультант, плюс, pna, duterte, signs, bill, raising, giswatch, gazette, oslo, translation, unofficial, oecd, 5737, refugees, nations, why, nomothesia, τράπεζα, πληροφοριών, νομοθεσίας, νόμος, 4619, φεκ, κύρωση, του, ποινικού, κώδικα, ποινικός, κώδικας, κωδικοποιημένος, eft, paraskevopoulos, nikos, eftichis, sakkoulas, athens, thessaloniki, axiopines, sexoualikes, praxis, commencement, amendments, sis, director, 123, equality, discussion, paper, 177, traductions, accueil, legifrance, accès, droit, branch, lois, consolidated, daily, star, neutral, 1860, block, sharon, 1346169779, oclc, 978, 4696, 0097, power, america, lang, olivia, maldives, birthplace, trust, khaama, agency, afghan, ghazni, harter, pascale, face, killings, barry, aoife, thejournal, analysis, munro, company, walks, greenfeld, lawrence, 554, 407, 433, 584, catherine, orenstein, little, riding, hood, uncloaked, diana, moses, livy, lucretia, validity, coerced, roman, dunbarton, oaks, gillian, clark, oxford, antiquity, pagan, christian, styles, medieval, lebanon, politics, middle, east, somini, sengupta, jazeera, moroccans, call, end, nora, fakim, morocco, 194, 219, 220, worldwide, net, res, gathering, agreements, books, routledge, criminology, journal, icrc, expression, refers, 61i, austlii, 1900, sect, furund, ija, manager, alrc, penetrative, shannon, brennan, andrea, taylor, butts, ottawa, canadian, lehman, jeffrey, phelps, shirelle, detroit, thomson, gale, 145, 9780787663766, west, vol, dictionary, merriam, webster, blosse, benjamin, beck, laycie, 2025, manchester, evening, jailed, horrific, village, enterprise, 142, hodgson, 1973, 565, acquitted, aged, virtue, visiting, 1952, 1828, uses, source, rainn, 106, 105, unless, compiled, count, larger, sample, estimated, lives, 302, 091, 748, year, preceding, vast, among, respondents, whereas, 103, improve, tracking, published, disease, authors, methodologies, relatively, margins, error, estimates, responses, emphasis, caution, goes, adolescents, homeless, living, institutions, facilities, telephones, nationwide, adults, reflects, solicits, excluding, youngest, telephone, pick, unreported, collect, data, divergent, impossible, archive, 20070928002007, http, junkscience, nov98, rape2, html, good, cautious, drawing, conclusions, studies, weaknesses, reporter, robbery, generated, credibility, says, 102, usa, 101, martial, 100, intoxicant, thereby, impairing, rendering, placing, subjected, likely, cause, subtitle, 47x, ruling, parts, unconstitutional, founding, 1950s, racial, discrimination, labelling, white, standard, considerably, etc, numerous, dealing, situations, modernized, significantly, continue, morrison, dame, warned, convictions, remain, depressingly, britain, vera, continued, need, excretion, semen, ruptured, hymen, key, prosecute, enough, passive, actively, show, sleeping, charles, sweenie, taking, lesser, achieve, opened, decide, drunk, intoxicated, clarified, hma, logan, friend, event, confused, normally, allowed, hearsay, corroborating, justiciary, prior, consisted, similarly, involves, intending, servant, raping, tort, pursuant, provision, closely, 1769, copied, sections, parallel, involve, falls, carrying, words, importing, masculine, feminine, pronoun, preclude, rules, formerly, superseded, currently, detaining, iii, representations, personating, someone, extorted, heavy, thread, prosecutable, complain, officio, custodial, 190, whenever, contend, exists, clarifies, whatsoever, abolished, applicable, matters, situation, immediately, endangers, serving, motive, protected, acting, immediate, exploits, defenselessness, 199, sentenced, inadvertency, residence, register, himself, local, inspectorate, month, impose, restrictions, hours, visit, locations, std, cruelty, severe, pain, relatives, repeatedly, heterosexual, identically, besides, depraved, punishes, harshly, opposite, old, 11648, signed, effectively, inserted, hereof, inserting, demented, none, present, machination, intimidation, revised, 3815, recognizes, transmitted, infections, receives, particularly, painful, offensive, manner, cooperation, unable, three, occur, exceeding, gross, negligence, compelling, carry, somebody, resisting, 138, 129a, entitled, makes, 129, intent, purposes, acquiesces, submits, participates, undertakes, doing, limit, quality, just, 128a, performed, mean, effected, sixteen, mentally, ill, deficient, illness, deficiency, unconsciousness, prevents, deceit, respect, freely, 345, hanging, squares, prisons, indian, inserts, methods, younger, volitional, prejudice, penalties, apart, attempts, practically, lack, sole, criterion, danger, tolerance, recommended, expanding, creating, inclusion, scope, mandated, removed, relaxed, obligation, warn, jury, uncorroborated, testimony, specifies, failure, central, manipulated, provided, anonymity, intended, preserve, deleted, accordingly, introduced, codified, conversely, inanimate, separate, preceded, accompanied, followed, torture, barbarity, thirty, constraint, surprise, contain, criminalizes, 273, engages, renders, committing, impairs, intoxicants, substances, imminent, differently, participants, pregnant, hereinafter, excepted, descriptions, exception, thirteen, fifthly, fourthly, whom, lawfully, thirdly, secondly, firstly, exclusively, penetrations, objects, highlights, derived, retained, 1707, describes, forcing, utmost, substantial, twentieth, true, lifelong, wedding, vows, development, became, colonization, conquest, cession, discussed, british, empire, together, internal, assessed, context, surrounding, conducts, criminalize, within, stating, providing, remove, minimize, enacting, range, unequivocal, provide, replace, existing, graded, organizations, advanced, instance, economic, division, advancement, gives, suggestions, framework, outlaw, revealed, unmarried, virgins, promoted, dishonor, strictness, lost, honorable, reputation, loss, entailed, becoming, drama, character, kills, maimed, daughter, documented, chinese, japanese, mercy, punish, dishonors, sometimes, restore, slut, shaming, victoria, wholly, total, suspended, study, releases, population, actual, typical, pattern, those, serve, half, cruel, unusual, eighth, constitution, nine, instances, put, persistent
Text of the page (random words):
ng a maximum sentence of life imprisonment rape by a woman where it does not involve penetration of the victim falls under the more general section 4 causing a person to engage in sexual activity without consent and or section 3 sexual assault sexual touching without consent both either way offences with a maximum sentence of 10 years imprisonment other sections create parallel offences where the victim is under 16 years of age in these cases consent is irrelevant northern ireland edit see also sexual offences in the united kingdom northern ireland the law on sexual offences closely follows that of england rape is a statutory offence created by article 5 90 of the sexual offences northern ireland order 2008 s i 1769 2008 n i 2 which contains the same definition as in england likewise assault by penetration sexual assault causing a person to engage in sexual activity without consent and child sex offences are copied from the sexual offences act 2003 pursuant to article 5 5 any reference to rape in a statutory provision must be construed in accordance with article 5 1 90 no person is liable in tort under the law of northern ireland on the ground only of having deprived another of the services of his female servant by raping her 91 scotland edit see also sexual offences in the united kingdom scotland rape is a statutory offence it is created by section 1 of the sexual offences scotland act 2009 it is defined as follows 92 rape 1 if a person a with a s penis a without another person b consenting and b without any reasonable belief that b consents penetrates to any extent either intending to do so or reckless as to whether there is penetration the vagina anus or mouth of b then a commits an offence to be known as the offence of rape subsection 2 defines that penetration involves a penis similarly to the english law this act also creates various child sex offences in which consent is irrelevant if the victim is under 16 rape of a young child under section 18 applies only if the child is under 13 otherwise it is having intercourse with an older child history edit prior to the sexual offences scotland act 2009 rape in scots law differed from the definition of rape in other legal systems in scotland rape was defined as a crime at common law which consisted of the carnal knowledge of a female by a male person without her consent under scots law rape could only be carried out by a male who penetrated a female s vagina if a man s anus was penetrated by another man s penis this was called sodomy and was tried under indecent assault a form of aggravated assault likewise if a male penetrated a female s anus by his penis without her consent he would also be charged with indecent assault in scotland rape can only be prosecuted in the high court of justiciary 93 and if convicted the maximum penalty available to the court is life imprisonment evidence of distress can be used as corroborating evidence evidence of distress would be recognised by the first person or friend that the victim sees after the event this should not be confused with hearsay evidence which is not normally allowed to be led one of the key elements to prosecute a male for rape is to prove that the male had sexual intercourse without the female s consent for sexual intercourse not to be rape the active consent of the female is needed this means it is not enough for a woman to be passive she must actively consent this was established by lord advocate s reference no 1 of 2001 94 full citation needed therefore a male could still be convicted of rape even though the female did not say anything or show any resistance this is a change in the law as previously men who had sexual intercourse with sleeping women as in the case of charles sweenie or women who were unconscious due to voluntarily taking drugs or alcohol see hma v logan were charged with the lesser crime of indecent assault rather than rape as they had not used force to achieve penetration lord advocate s reference no 1 of 2001 by requiring active consent had opened up the law to decide whether a voluntarily drunk or intoxicated woman can consent to sexual intercourse this was clarified under the new laws of 2009 which state that sexual intercourse is non consensual and therefore considered rape if it occurs where the conduct occurs at a time when b is incapable because of the effect of alcohol or any other substance of consenting to it 95 penetration is sufficient for a sexual intercourse to be deemed rape there need not be any excretion of semen and the female s hymen does not have to be ruptured in scotland rape continued to be a gender specific crime until the sexual offences scotland act 2009 96 this act came into force on 1 december 2010 the act expanded the definition of rape to include male rape the victims commissioner for england and wales dame vera baird warned in 2020 that only 14 per cent of sexual violence victims report the assault to police and even if sexual assault and rape are reported prosecutions and convictions remain depressingly low in britain only 1 6 per cent of rapes reported to the police result in a charge a rate so low that baird has said that we are witnessing the decriminalisation of rape 97 united states edit main article rape laws in the united states see also rape in the united states criminal punishment state laws edit there is no federal rape law in the united states due to the united states v morrison ruling that parts of the violence against women act of 1994 were unconstitutional each state has its own laws concerning sexual aggression some laws from the founding of the us and during the 1950s were based in racial discrimination against black people in labelling consensual sex between a black man and white woman rape 98 and the fact that rape laws at the time did not apply when the victim was a black woman 99 there is also no national standard in the us for defining and reporting male male or female perpetrated rapes state laws vary considerably and in most states the term rape is no longer used and the offense has been replaced by crimes such as sexual assault criminal sexual conduct sexual abuse sexual battery etc the us laws on sexual violence are complex with states having numerous sex offenses dealing with different situations the laws on sex crimes have been changed and modernized significantly during the last decades and they continue to change uniform code of military justice edit uniform code of military justice usc title 10 subtitle a chapter 47x section 920 article 120 defines rape as a rape any person subject to this chapter who commits a sexual act upon another person by 1 using unlawful force against that other person 2 using force causing or likely to cause death or grievous bodily harm to any person 3 threatening or placing that other person in fear that any person will be subjected to death grievous bodily harm or kidnapping 4 first rendering that other person unconscious or 5 administering to that other person by force or threat of force or without the knowledge or consent of that person a drug intoxicant or other similar substance and thereby substantially impairing the ability of that other person to appraise or control conduct is guilty of rape and shall be punished as a court martial may direct 100 marital rape is banned the law states marriage is not a defense for any conduct in issue in any prosecution under this section 101 rape reporting edit according to the usa today reporter kevin johnson no other major category of crime not murder assault or robbery has generated a more serious challenge to the credibility of national crime statistics as has the crime of rape 102 he says there are good reasons to be cautious in drawing conclusions from reports on rape the two most accepted studies available the fbi s annual uniform crime report and the justice department s annual national crime victimization survey each have widely acknowledged weaknesses kevin johnson rape statistics not crystal clear https archive today 20070928002007 http www junkscience com nov98 rape2 html the fbi s report fails to report rapes with male victims both adults and children fails to report non forcible rapes of either gender by either gender and reflects only the number of rapes reported to police the justice department s survey solicits information from people 12 and older excluding the youngest victims of rape and incest however by using a random national telephone survey of households the national crime victimization survey could pick up rapes unreported to the police in addition since both official reports collect rape data from states with widely divergent standards and definitions on what constitutes rape uniform reporting is impossible in an attempt to improve the tracking of rape the national violence against women survey was first published in 1998 by the national institute of justice and the federal centers for disease control and prevention its authors acknowledged that they used different methodologies with relatively high margins of error the 2000 report notes that because annual rape victimization estimates nationwide are based on responses from only 24 women and 8 men emphasis added who reported being raped they should be viewed with caution it goes on to note that it fails to report rapes perpetrated against children adolescents the homeless or people living in institutions group facilities or in households without telephones the 2006 report of the national violence against women survey was based on the much larger sample size of 8 000 men and 8 000 women it estimated that 17 7 million women and 2 8 million men in the united states were forcibly raped at some time in their lives with 302 091 women and 92 748 men forcibly raped in the year preceding the survey the report defines rape to include completed and attempted rapes however the vast majority of rapes were completed among all respondents 14 8 percent of the women and 2 1 percent of the men said they were victims of a completed rape at some time in their life whereas 2 8 percent of the women and 0 9 percent of the men said they were victims of an attempted rape only 103 in addition many states define sexual crimes other than male on female penetration as sexual assault rather than rape there are no national standards for defining and reporting male on male female on female or female on male offenses so such crimes are generally not included in rape statistics unless these statistics are compiled using information from states which count them as rape rape statistics edit main article rape statistics rape crisis statistics can be found from the fbi 104 and the bureau of justice 105 as well as the cdc 106 and rainn which uses the other resources as its source notes edit for example by the sexual offences act 1956 and the sexual offences act 2003 for example by the offences against the person act 1828 the offences against the person act 1861 and the visiting forces act 1952 for example in england and wales before the enactment of the sexual offences act 2003 r v hodgson 1973 qb 565 indecent assault on a woman held to be an alternative verdict to rape in a case where the accused was acquitted of rape on grounds of the consent of the victim who was aged under 16 which was not by virtue of section 14 2 of the sexual offences act 1956 a defence to indecent assault for example in england and wales after the enactment of the sexual offences act 2003 for example under the common law of england and at common law in scotland for example under the sexual offences amendment act 1976 as read with section 46 of the sexual offences act 1956 for example under section 1 of the sexual offences act 1956 as substituted by section 142 of the criminal justice and public order act 1994 and read with section 46 of the former mentioned act for example under section 261 of the california penal code for example under section 128 2 of the crimes act 1961 for example under section 1 of the sexual offences act 2003 for example by section 1 of the sexual offences act 2003 for example by section 261 of the california penal code other than by joint enterprise see e g blosse benjamin beck laycie 22 december 2025 man and woman jailed after horrific rape in village manchester evening news retrieved 4 february 2026 references edit 1 2 rape merriam webster 8 may 2021 1 2 sexual violence chapter 6 pdf world health organization 15 april 2011 rape dictionary reference com 15 april 2011 1 2 3 lehman jeffrey phelps shirelle 2005 west s encyclopedia of american law vol 9 2 ed detroit thomson gale p 145 isbn 9780787663766 shannon brennan and andrea taylor butts sexual assault in canada 2004 and 2007 ottawa statistics canada canadian centre for justice statistics 2008 p 7 manager web 11 november 2010 rape the penetrative sexual offence alrc gov au archived from the original on 3 april 2019 retrieved 23 january 2019 prosecutor v anto furund ija pdf international criminal tribunal for the former yugoslavia 10 december 1998 archived pdf from the original on 22 september 2022 retrieved 17 february 2023 sexual offences act 2003 government of the united kingdom crimes act 1900 sect 61ha meaning of sexual intercourse austlii edu au retrieved 1 september 2022 the expression knows that the other person does not consent refers to its use in section 61i sexual assault 1 2 3 4 full list treaty office sexual offences act 2003 explanatory notes paragraph 14 case of m c v bulgaria european court of human rights 4 december 2003 retrieved 17 february 2023 icty the prosecutor v kunarac kovac and vukovic icrc archived from the original on 4 march 2016 retrieved 8 may 2015 directive 2011 92 eu of the european parliament and of the council official journal of the european union 13 december 2011 archived from the original on 1 september 2022 retrieved 17 february 2023 1 2 the routledge handbook of european criminology p 1 at google books a res 48 104 declaration on the elimination of violence against women un documents gathering a body of global agreements un documents net recommendation of the committee of ministers to member states on the protection of women against violence council of europe 30 april 2002 retrieved 17 february 2023 chapter 6 sexual violence pdf world health organization archived from the original pdf on 5 march 2022 retrieved 17 february 2023 1 2 a response to violence against women worldwide pdf organization of american states 10 march 2014 archived pdf from the original on 13 february 2023 retrieved 17 february 2023 see article 36 sexual violence including rape para 3 and article 43 application of criminal offences archived 23 september 2015 at the wayback machine also see the explanatory report archived 20 july 2015 at the wayback machine para 194 para 219 and para 220 nora fakim 17 march 2012 morocco protest against rape marriage law bbc news retrieved 4 august 2017 moroccans call for end to rape marriage laws al jazeera 17 march 2012 retrieved 4...
|
