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259973 5 barker h 2021 laying the corpses to rest grain embargoes and yersinia pestis in the black sea 1346 48 speculum 96 1 97 126 doi 10 1086 711596 s2cid 229344364 bauch m büntgen u 4 december 2025 climate driven changes in mediterranean grain trade mitigated famine but introduced the black death to medieval europe commun earth environ 6 986 doi 10 1038 s43247 025 02964 0 cantor nf 2015 2001 in the wake of the plague the black death and the world it made first simon schuster paperback ed new york simon schuster isbn 978 1 4767 9774 8 cohn sk jr 2002 the black death transformed disease and culture in early renaissance europe london arnold isbn 978 0 340 70646 6 crawford dh 2018 deadly companions how microbes shaped our history oxford university press isbn 978 0 19 881544 0 dols mw 2019 the black death in the middle east princeton n j princeton university press isbn 978 0 691 65704 2 dols mw january 1974 the comparative communal responses to the black death in muslim and christian societies viator 5 269 288 doi 10 1484 j viator 2 301626 proquest 1297911710 dols mw 1978 geographical origin of the black death comment bulletin of the history of medicine 52 1 112 120 pmid 352447 proquest 1296259982 duncan cj scott s may 2005 what caused the black death postgraduate medical journal 81 955 315 320 doi 10 1136 pgmj 2004 024075 pmc 1743272 pmid 15879045 mcneill wh 1976 plagues and peoples anchor doubleday isbn 978 0 385 11256 7 pamuk s december 2007 the black death and the origins of the great divergence across europe 1300 1600 european review of economic history 11 3 289 317 doi 10 1017 s1361491607002031 scott s duncan cj 2001 biology of plagues evidence from historical populations cambridge cambridge university press isbn 978 0 521 80150 8 schuenemann vj bos k dewitte s schmedes s jamieson j mittnik a et al september 2011 targeted enrichment of ancient pathogens yielding the ppcp1 plasmid of yersinia pestis from victims of the black death proceedings of the national academy of sciences of the united states of america 108 38 e746 e752 bibcode 2011pnas 108e 746s doi 10 1073 pnas 1105107108 pmc 3179067 pmid 21876176 shrewsbury jf 2005 a history of bubonic plague in the british isles cambridge univ pr isbn 978 0 521 02247 7 twigg g 1985 the black death a biological reappraisal 1st american ed new york schocken books isbn 978 0 7134 4618 0 external links wikimedia commons has media related to black death black death on in our time at the bbc black death at bbc history v t e black death thematic pandemics first second third migration causes consequences notable deaths persecution of jews cronaca fiorentina di marchionne di coppo stefani in medieval culture by geography denmark england france holy roman empire italy kiev ukraine middle east norway poland russia spain sweden category commons v t e pandemics epidemics and notable disease outbreaks list of epidemics and pandemics local ancient hittite plague c 1330 bc plague of athens 429 426 bc antonine plague 165 180 ad plague of cyprian 250 266 post classical plague of justinian 541 542 roman plague 590 plague of sheroe 627 628 plague of amwas 638 639 plague of 664 664 689 japanese smallpox 735 737 black death 1346 1353 sweating sickness 1485 1551 early modern 16th century influenza pandemic 1510 mexican smallpox 1520 cocoliztli epidemics in colonial mexico 1545 1576 influenza pandemic 1557 1559 london plague 1563 1564 maltese plague 1592 1593 london plague 1592 1593 17th century london plague 1603 maltese plague 1623 italian plague 1629 1631 massachusetts smallpox 1633 great plague in the late ming dynasty 1633 1644 great plague of seville 1647 1652 maltese plague 1655 naples plague 1656 great plague of london 1665 1666 maltese plague 1675 1676 great plague of vienna 1679 18th century iceland smallpox epidemic 1707 1708 great northern war plague 1710 1712 great plague of marseille 1720 1722 great plague of 1738 1738 russian plague 1770 1772 persian plague 1772 north american smallpox 1780 1782 philadelphia yellow fever 1793 1798 modern 19th century ottoman plague 1812 1819 maltese plague 1813 1814 caragea s plague 1813 groningen epidemic 1829 great plains smallpox 1837 1838 typhus 1847 1848 copenhagen cholera 1853 stockholm cholera 1853 broad street cholera 1854 guam smallpox 1856 pacific northwest smallpox 1862 1863 barcelona yellow fever 1870 buenos aires yellow fever 1871 australia scarlet fever 1875 1876 hong kong plague 1894 20th century san francisco plague 1900 1904 manchurian plague 1910 1911 la pneumonic plague 1924 croydon typhoid 1937 nyc smallpox 1947 wrocław smallpox 1963 yugoslav smallpox 1972 london flu 1972 1973 indian smallpox 1974 1977 russian flu 1977 1979 surat plague 1994 malaysian nipah virus 1998 1999 21st century sars 2002 2004 midwest mpox 2003 avian influenza 2003 2005 singaporean dengue 2005 indian dengue 2006 chikungunya outbreaks 2006 pakistani dengue 2006 iraqi cholera 2007 zimbabwean cholera 2008 2009 madagascar plague 2008 2017 bolivian dengue 2009 gujarat hepatitis 2009 western african meningitis 2009 2010 haiti cholera 2010 2019 pakistani dengue 2011 darfur yellow fever 2012 mers 2012 singaporean dengue 2013 swansea measles 2013 chikungunya 2013 2014 western african ebola 2013 2016 dr congo ebola 2014 madagascar plague 2014 odisha hepatitis 2014 polio declaration 2014 indian swine flu 2015 south korean mers 2015 zika 2015 2016 angolan yellow fever 2016 yemeni cholera 2016 2022 gorakhpur japanese encephalitis 2017 saudi arabian mers 2018 kerala nipah virus 2018 équateur province ebola 2018 kivu ebola 2018 2020 madagascar measles 2018 samoa measles 2019 philippine measles 2019 pacific nw measles 2019 new york measles 2019 kuala koh measles 2019 tonga measles 2019 drc measles 2019 2020 new zealand measles 2019 2020 singaporean dengue 2020 uganda ebola 2022 2023 jamaica dengue 2023 bangsamoro measles 2023 2024 2024 latin american dengue argentina 2024 sudanese cholera epidemic 2024 2025 kasaï province 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