Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
compressors, compressor, compression, of, or, piston, rotary, contents, types, thermodynamics, gas, temperature, staged, drive, motors, lubrication, applications, see, also, references, positive, displacement, dynamic, hermetically, sealed, open, semi, hermetic, isentropic, minimizing, work, required, by, in, ideal, thermodynamic, cycles, reciprocating, ionic, liquid, screw, vane, rolling, scroll, diaphragm, air, bubble, centrifugal, diagonal, mixed, flow, axial, comparing, reversible, to, irreversible, effect, cooling, during, the, process,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (334), and (183), compressor (152), compressors (109), air (90), gas (86), are (62), for (58), #compression (56), from (48), can (45), pressure (44), displaystyle (44), frac (41), that (39), with (34), edit (32), heat (31), used (28), rotary (27), piston (27), pump (26), work (25), this (24), high (24), reciprocating (24), hermetic (24), process (23), compressed (23), flow (22), isentropic (22), use (21), refrigeration (21), system (21), cooling (21), volume (21), more (21), they (20), than (19), motor (19), left (19), right (19), temperature (18), screw (18), centrifugal (17), constant (17), stage (17), may (16), also (16), scroll (16), main (16), energy (15), oil (15), original (15), archived (15), axial (15), have (15), retrieved (14), other (14), type (14), power (14), between (14), less (14), efficiency (13), water (13), large (13), known (13), isothermal (13), ideal (13), gases (12), heating (12), conditioning (12), displacement (12), fluid (12), such (12), small (12), applications (12), semi (12), due (12), vane (12), ventilation (11), refrigerant (11), fan (11), low (11), cycle (11), rotor (11), where (11), engines (11), ratio (11), one (11), adiabatic (11), wikipedia (10), building (10), drive (10), positive (10), hydrogen (10), some (10), types (10), natural (10), not (10), polytropic (10), when (10), its (10), article (10), seals (10), diaphragm (10), 2017 (9), mechanical (9), heater (9), components (9), variable (9), electric (9), rotating (9), driven (9), combustion (9), systems (9), internal (9), compress (9), being (9), but (9), which (9), open (9), stationary (9), solar (8), see (8), engineering (8), www (8), processes (8), discharge (8), com (8), rolling (8), single (8), device (8), liquid (8), engine (8), only (8), either (8), shaft (8), their (8), stages (8), typically (8), using (7), articles (7), all (7), diving (7), control (7), valve (7), value (7), vapor (7), thermodynamics (7), isbn (7), horsepower (7), machine (7), 2025 (7), increase (7), range (7), operate (7), require (7), uses (7), higher (7), pressures (7), into (7), motors (7), well (7), number (7), metal (7), most (7), without (7), ionic (7), page (6), was (6), industrial (6), duct (6), thermal (6), expansion (6), mixed (6), out (6), specific (6), design (6), tools (6), turbine (6), transport (6), pneumatic (6), move (6), often (6), turbines (6), plants (6), lower (6), speeds (6), since (6), built (6), bearings (6), these (6), larger (6), three (6), part (6), very (6), has (6), two (6), staged (6), model (6), usually (6), losses (6), will (6), reversible (6), psi (6), clearance (6), smaller (6), about (5), non (5), short (5), different (5), fire (5), handbook (5), passive (5), vanes (5), around (5), conditioner (5), source (5), enthalpy (5), breathing (5), chemical (5), state (5), new (5), speed (5), cylinder (5), bearing (5), maintain (5), compressing (5), service (5), cylinders (5), required (5), cycles (5), many (5), same (5), rise (5), mpa (5), any (5), both (5), actual (5), kappa (5), perfect (5), during (5), increases (5), like (5), geq (5), act (5), delta (5), compared (5), cost (5), leak (5), blades (5), reliable (5), vibration (5), toggle (4), contents (4), search (4), contact (4), available (4), you (4), commons (4), clarification (4), equipment (4), international (4), template (4), world (4), exhaust (4), radiator (4), thermostat (4), damper (4), space (4), inverter (4), insulation (4), perry (4), asme (4), performance (4), pdf (4), 2016 (4), achieve (4), means (4), impeller (4), linear (4), bar (4), pumps (4), repair (4), increasing (4), life (4), surface (4), intake (4), thus (4), however (4), while (4), output (4), portable (4), there (4), because (4), each (4), times (4), case (4), making (4), loss (4), int (4), real (4), time (4), efficient (4), even (4), final (4), comparing (4), cannot (4), replaced (4), screws (4), through (4), hermetically (4), sealed (4), efficiencies (4), pumping (4), airfoils (4), multi (4), diagonal (4), surging (4), housing (4), 000 (4), chamber (4), outlet (4), membrane (4), fewer (4), liquids (4), reducing (4), hide (4), sidebar (4), view (3), code (3), safety (3), text (3), under (3), terms (3), site (3), wikimedia (3), pages (3), redirect (3), via (3), link (3), wikidata (3), needing (3), august (3), support (3), home (3), industry (3), balancing (3), electrical (3), environmental (3), leakage (3), deep (3), architectural (3), room (3), rate (3), smoke (3), switch (3), pipe (3), filter (3), unit (3), boiler (3), barrier (3), back (3), radiant (3), free (3), absorption (3), technology (3), mass (3), effect (3), noise (3), changes (3), processing (3), industries (3), press (3), 2010 (3), section (3), february (3), thermodynamic (3), university (3), john (3), phoenix (3), patent (3), daikin (3), operations (3), how (3), does (3), supplies (3), operation (3), maintenance (3), lobe (3), vacuum (3), operated (3), based (3), external (3), reduce (3), forces (3), cabin (3), continuous (3), exist (3), gasses (3), end (3), pistons (3), stations (3), fill (3), various (3), fuel (3), supplied (3), jet (3), plastic (3), petrochemical (3), similar (3), consumer (3), volumes (3), needed (3), fixed (3), connected (3), diesel (3), increased (3), crankshaft (3), suitable (3), current (3), lubricant (3), typical (3), 343 (3), inter (3), account (3), assumes (3), then (3), pdv (3), devices (3), example (3), always (3), amount (3), parts (3), heats (3), initial (3), inherent (3), internally (3), way (3), casing (3), comp (3), vdp (3), involves (3), change (3), must (3), requiring (3), over (3), application (3), expensive (3), top (3), relatively (3), along (3), inlet (3), dynamic (3), radial (3), velocity (3), compresses (3), fueling (3), material (3), movement (3), instead (3), capacities (3), moving (3), important (3), volumetric (3), capacity (3), mounted (3), 200 (3), wide (3), plate (3), languages (2), table (2), privacy (2), policy (2), categories (2), displaying (2), descriptions (2), targets (2), url (2), 2014 (2), unsourced (2), statements (2), description (2), technologies (2), org (2), states (2), plumbing (2), automation (2), hvac (2), science (2), ashrae (2), quality (2), testing (2), kitchen (2), cleaning (2), information (2), services (2), thermostatic (2), psychrometrics (2), programmable (2), minimum (2), infrared (2), delivery (2), blower (2), door (2), whole (2), house (2), wall (2), ductwork (2), coil (2), plenum (2), exchanger (2), ground (2), gasoline (2), hood (2), fireplace (2), tank (2), convection (2), underfloor (2), distribution (2), storage (2), hybrid (2), recovery (2), forced (2), district (2), controlled (2), cross (2), chilled (2), central (2), materials (2), automobile (2), refrigerator (2), humidity (2), transfer (2), domestic (2), envelope (2), per (2), powder (2), roots (2), oxygen (2), 2008 (2), 2009 (2), underwater (2), medicine (2), hyperbaric (2), potential (2), within (2), toshiba (2), 8th (2), edition (2), green (2), 2015 (2), ptc (2), edu (2), 2023 (2), tds (2), mcgraw (2), hill (2), print (2), cheremisinoff (2), nicholas (2), wiley (2), sons (2), mechanics (2), 1910 (2), media (2), sertco (2), orbiting (2), 1985 (2), samsung (2), what (2), 2007 (2), technical (2), blackmer (2), download (2), thomasnet (2), references (2), powered (2), trompe (2), slip (2), tube (2), working (2), hot (2), greater (2), atmospheric (2), aircraft (2), pressurization (2), related (2), reduction (2), provide (2), auto (2), vehicles (2), etc (2), road (2), vehicle (2), rail (2), inside (2), superchargers (2), turbochargers (2), buoyancy (2), containers (2), generally (2), supply (2), manufacturing (2), purified (2), manufactured (2), petroleum (2), refineries (2), product (2), cargo (2), pipeline (2), necessary (2), eventually (2), leading (2), failure (2), line (2), contaminate (2), lubrication (2), including (2), setup (2), supercharger (2), alternating (2), phase (2), steam (2), exceed (2), commercial (2), designs (2), cooled (2), coolers (2), intercoolers (2), partial (2), removed (2), takes (2), above (2), theoretical (2), 100 (2), approximately (2), found (2), added (2), closely (2), scale (2), level (2), come (2), practical (2), unless (2), degrees (2), absolute (2), simple (2), certain (2), would (2), tire (2), becomes (2), relation (2), described (2), rankine (2), below (2), begin (2), cases (2), rightarrow (2), assumptions (2), rather (2), idealized (2), requires (2), least (2), decreases (2), common (2), following (2), diagram (2), limits (2), rev (2), comparison (2), form (2), irreversible (2), minimizing (2), zero (2), meaning (2), disadvantage (2), maintained (2), entire (2), fails (2), further (2), thereby (2), operates (2), sized (2), cheaper (2), simpler (2), pressurized (2), operating (2), rely (2), years (2), welded (2), steel (2), opened (2), simply (2), shell (2), primary (2), route (2), advantages (2), serviced (2), driving (2), designed (2), near (2), avoid (2), function (2), outer (2), tolerances (2), medium (2), arrays (2), direction (2), beyond (2), stators (2), allow (2), exit (2), diffuser (2), conventional (2), magnetic (2), machining (2), suction (2), side (2), cause (2), damage (2), caused (2), forth (2), extensively (2), force (2), early (2), allows (2), bubble (2), prototype (2), station (2), cng (2), company (2), arizona (2), flexing (2), diaphragms (2), occurs (2), mechanism (2), structure (2), valves (2), lighter (2), spiral (2), scrolls (2), dry (2), machines (2), kpa (2), slots (2), flooded (2), drier (2), commonly (2), automotive (2), another (2), swash (2), six (2), density (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), links (2), history (2), read (2), english (2), norsk (2), bahasa (2), subsection (2), log (2), create (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, conduct, legal, contacts, disclaimers, additional, apply, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, inc, creative, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, edited, september, 2026, utc, hidden, module, annotated, category, cs1, unfit, 2018, https, index, php, title, oldid, 1376162770, yale, lux, israel, czech, republic, japan, bnf, data, france, united, national, gnd, authority, databases, protection, day, warm, spaces, glossary, fireproofing, voc, volatile, organic, compound, sbs, sick, syndrome, smoking, iaq, indoor, health, umc, smacna, leed, iir, institute, cibse, bsria, bre, astm, amca, ahri, organizations, adjusting, reclamation, mold, growth, assessment, remediation, hydronic, retrofit, bim, modeling, technologist, acoustics, professions, trades, thermographic, camera, stp, standard, smart, communicating, opentherm, ntp, normal, merv, reporting, lonworks, intelligent, buildings, thermometer, humidistat, monitor, detector, cadr, clean, carbon, dioxide, sensor, bacnet, aquastat, meter, measurement, zone, wood, burning, stove, windcatcher, ulpa, ultra, particulate, turning, turboswing, trombe, trickle, vent, wheel, canopy, assisted, chimney, sail, run, reversing, register, recuperator, reflector, pressurisation, packaged, terminal, louver, kerosene, humidifier, cut, off, glandless, circulating, hepa, film, coupled, grille, grease, furnace, fume, freon, flue, freeze, stat, insert, evaporator, evaporative, cooler, electrostatic, precipitator, economizer, dehumidifier, tower, condensing, condenser, condensate, chiller, ceramic, blast, automatic, attic, purifier, mixing, ionizer, handler, recycling, vrf, vav, vcrs, thermosiphon, combisystem, renewable, raised, floor, radon, mitigation, daytime, radiative, microgeneration, mode, ice, hydronics, hrv, firestop, erv, dcv, demand, doas, dedicated, outdoor, coolant, cav, beam, autonomous, antifreeze, vapour, destratification, comfort, stack, sensible, particulates, outgassing, latent, infiltration, dynamics, consumption, dilution, bake, ach, hour, fundamental, concepts, powderprocess, net, resources, blowers, harlow, 2002, airspeed, 9678873, hacker, companion, millar, mouldey, 22692708, pmid, 145, south, pacific, society, evil, mirai, kagakukan, museum, first, residential, engineer, june, test, exhausters, mae, buffalo, courses, sens, alvi, famu, florida, equations, cengel, yunus, michaeul, boles, approach, 7th, york, 2012, kano, fumikata, texas, development, 9781119117889, pollution, aungier, ronald, 2000, 7918, 0093, strategy, aerodynamic, analysis, dixon, 1978, third, pergamon, 022722, turbomachinery, maynard, frank, november, 633, popular, five, thousand, bubbles, eric, slack, winter, corporation, march, mining, richardson, hubert, member, biased, 4875838, 1989, caillat, weatherston, bush, axially, compliant, mounting, 4767293, 1988, tischer, utter, sealing, 4522575, cop, global, news, mini, docs, lib, purdue, motion, matteicomp, investment, mattei, jacobs, 2006, conference, paper, 1825, tri, altıntop, hamit, 2020, máy, nén, khí, applied, davletshin, anton, 9781119100003, hydraulic, fracturing, management, practices, ics, domnickhunter, centre, domnick, hunter, gen, schneider, ref, doc, april, machinery, machinerylubrication, basics, bloch, hoefner, 1996, gulf, professional, publishing, 88415, 525, eds, 978, 142294, engineers, petko, mukelov, advanced, analog, sound, circuit, msc, diplom, sofia, 1984, measure, factor, manually, natterer, desorption, hydride, ring, actuator, guided, foil, tool, kindling, electrochemical, dryer, radially, outward, spacecraft, cabinet, conveying, lines, solids, reached, shops, tires, heavy, brakes, gearbox, windscreen, wipers, doors, burn, hence, produce, store, later, displacing, chambers, adjust, submarines, pressurised, directly, therapy, self, contained, apparatus, turbofans, turbojets, altitude, pet, bottles, blow, moulding, welding, medical, intermediate, maritime, carriers, production, fueled, bled, include, drives, insufficient, quantities, reach, excessive, amounts, lost, potentially, splashing, runs, unlubricated, vfd, automobiles, airplanes, boats, trucks, burned, own, turbocharger, petrol, cheap, quiet, static, possible, options, powers, make, instance, ksi, atm, atmospheres, flywheel, directs, ambient, across, intercooler, currently, raises, result, condensation, separators, enter, leave, input, appear, useful, percent, infinity, effort, made, cool, evaluated, integral, remains, throughout, models, exchanging, long, utilize, closest, achieving, attainable, infinite, corresponding, never, follow, quick, good, practice, bicycle, kelvins, transferred, resulting, values, refer, done, closed, transformation, laws, note, applicable, inefficient, truly, calculation, purposes, brayton, otto, carnot, results, show, exponent, rejection, jackets, rtln, nrt_, krt_, behaves, maximum, therefore, consuming, negative, reversibly, furthermore, produces, acteltaq_, let, kinetic, differential, balance, eta, cong, defining, attained, isotropic, refers, equation, calculated, steady, entropy, repaired, burnt, windings, entirely, pumped, down, happen, factory, assembled, goods, labor, economical, just, purchase, mid, refurbish, price, build, susceptible, splash, frequently, enough, slowly, evaporates, until, longer, functional, recharged, sit, unused, started, again, experiencing, lubricated, particularly, soluble, lubricating, difference, piece, cast, gasketed, covers, replace, advantage, motive, allowing, appropriate, selected, sources, secondly, opening, integrated, passes, body, retain, exhibit, necessitates, effective, elimination, openings, describe, enclosed, situated, outside, extent, handling, toxic, polluting, rounded, permanently, shut, evaporate, defrost, r600a, freezer, conditions, tight, set, rows, pairs, accelerate, decelerate, preparing, next, almost, sectional, area, passage, diminishing, optimum, fitted, features, angles, guide, ability, escape, interstage, bleed, split, assembly, twin, spools, mach, rotors, progressively, rates, compact, animation, component, turn, comparative, largest, offer, loads, coefficient, evaporators, condensers, weigh, occupy, exposed, wear, generate, minimal, highly, precise, needs, rotate, impractical, likely, reversal, goes, serious, specially, whatever, causing, oscillations, cnc, ski, resorts, snowmaking, magnetically, levitated, disk, shaped, rim, divergent, converts, primarily, thousands, multiple, staging, 1900s, schiele, frankfurt, mixture, generated, turbulence, allowed, fall, subterranean, separates, weight, falling, submerged, height, roof, facility, principle, ragged, shutes, nearby, mines, cobalt, ontario, montreal, river, compliance, prevailing, codes, demonstrate, could, urban, areas, alternative, photograph, depicts, downtown, utilities, were, developed, public, degree, constituting, affects, stiff, displace, few, cubic, centimeters, endure, cracking, stiffness, rubber, silicone, capable, enduring, strokes, flexion, strength, need, embrittlement, variant, flexible, element, rod, box, nor, possess, vibrating, much, volkswagen, g60, g40, 1990s, though, peltier, factors, consider, designing, interleaved, geometry, curves, smoothly, quietly, reliably, orbits, eccentrically, trapping, pockets, archimedean, involute, fluids, offers, given, impact, shipping, costs, causes, tons, spring, swing, style, plays, partition, against, port, connections, bulk, injected, suited, significantly, quieter, equivalent, 190, 300, consist, inserted, offset, circular, complex, shape, turns, slide, keeping, series, decreasing, created, oldest, eccentric, meshed, moderately, classifications, vary, methods, among, others, commercially, produced, depends, selection, sizes, leaks, cavities, depend, fine, prone, incorrectly, poorly, 890, helical, household, workshop, job, attached, receiver, finds, varying, size, unloading, suffers, resistance, weighs, difficult, having, seen, intermittent, duty, 18000, 124, double, acting, said, costly, comparable, units, employed, wobble, moved, citation, 750, four, put, drawing, discrete, forcing, pass, linkage, considered, vague, illustrated, discussed, distinction, focus, mostly, achievable, compressible, incompressible, rarely, action, pressurize, several, steps, second, physically, accommodate, already, belliss, morcom, bottling, powerful, street, xass, circa, atlas, copco, filling, scuba, disambiguation, encyclopedia, item, projects, printable, version, export, legacy, parser, get, shortened, cite, permanent, here, general, actions, talk, tiếng, việt, oʻzbekcha, ўзбекча, اردو, українська, татарча, tatarça, türkçe, ไทย, தமிழ், svenska, slovenščina, slovenčina, srpskohrvatski, српскохрватски, русский, română, português, polski, bokmål, nynorsk, nederlands, नेपाली, melayu, मराठी, монгол, latviešu, lietuvių, кыргызча, 한국어, қазақша, 日本語, italiano, indonesia, հայերեն, magyar, kreyòl, ayisyen, hrvatski, हिन्दी, galego, gaeilge, français, suomi, فارسی, euskara, eesti, español, esperanto, ελληνικά, deutsch, dansk, čeština, català, български, беларуская, azərbaycanca, العربية, afrikaans, personal, special, recent, community, portal, learn, help, contribute, random, events, navigation, jump, content,
Text of the page (random words):
and can be driven by electric motors or internal combustion engines 1 2 3 small reciprocating compressors from 5 to 30 horsepower hp are commonly seen in automotive applications and are typically for intermittent duty larger reciprocating compressors well over 1 000 hp 750 kw are commonly found in large industrial and petroleum applications discharge pressures can range from low pressure to very high pressure 18000 psi or 124 mpa in certain applications such as air compression multi stage double acting compressors are said to be the most efficient compressors available and are typically larger and more costly than comparable rotary units 4 another type of reciprocating compressor usually employed in automotive cabin air conditioning systems citation needed is the swash plate or wobble plate compressor which uses pistons moved by a swash plate mounted on a shaft see axial piston pump household home workshop and smaller job site compressors are typically reciprocating compressors 1 5 hp 1 1 kw or less with an attached receiver tank a linear compressor is a reciprocating compressor with the piston being the rotor of a linear motor this type of compressor can compress a wide range of gases including refrigerant hydrogen and natural gas because of this it finds use in a wide range of applications in many different industries and can be designed to a wide range of capacities by varying size number of cylinders and cylinder unloading however it suffers from higher losses due to clearance volumes resistance due to discharge and suction valves weighs more is difficult to maintain due to having a large number of moving parts and it has inherent vibration 5 ionic liquid piston compressor edit main article ionic liquid piston compressor an ionic liquid piston compressor ionic compressor or ionic liquid piston pump is a hydrogen compressor based on an ionic liquid piston instead of a metal piston as in a piston metal diaphragm compressor rotary screw compressors edit a diagram of a rotary screw compressor main article rotary screw compressor rotary screw compressors use two meshed rotating positive displacement helical screws to force the gas into a smaller space 1 6 7 these are usually used for continuous operation in commercial and industrial applications and may be either stationary or portable their application can be from 3 horsepower 2 2 kw to over 1 200 horsepower 890 kw and from low pressure to moderately high pressure 1 200 psi or 8 3 mpa the classifications of rotary screw compressors vary based on stages cooling methods and drive types among others 8 rotary screw compressors are commercially produced in oil flooded water flooded and dry type the efficiency of rotary compressors depends on the air drier clarification needed and the selection of air drier is always 1 5 times volumetric delivery of the compressor 9 designs with a single screw 10 or three screws 11 12 instead of two exist screw compressors have fewer moving components larger capacity less vibration and surging can operate at variable speeds and typically have higher efficiency small sizes or low rotor speeds are not practical due to inherent leaks caused by clearance between the compression cavities or screws and compressor housing 5 they depend on fine machining tolerances to avoid high leakage losses and are prone to damage if operated incorrectly or poorly serviced rotary vane compressors edit eccentric rotary vane pump see also rotary vane pump rotary vane compressors consist of a rotor with a number of blades inserted in radial slots in the rotor the rotor is mounted offset in a larger housing that is either circular or a more complex shape as the rotor turns blades slide in and out of the slots keeping contact with the outer wall of the housing 1 thus a series of increasing and decreasing volumes is created by the rotating blades rotary vane compressors are with piston compressors one of the oldest of compressor technologies with suitable port connections the devices may be either a compressor or a vacuum pump they can be either stationary or portable can be single or multi staged and can be driven by electric motors or internal combustion engines dry vane machines are used at relatively low pressures e g 2 bar or 200 kpa or 29 psi for bulk material movement while oil injected machines have the necessary volumetric efficiency to achieve pressures up to about 13 bar 1 300 kpa 190 psi in a single stage a rotary vane compressor is well suited to electric motor drive and is significantly quieter in operation than the equivalent piston compressor rotary vane compressors can have mechanical efficiencies of about 90 13 rolling piston edit rolling piston compressor the rolling piston in a rolling piston style compressor plays the part of a partition between the vane and the rotor 14 rolling piston forces gas against a stationary vane two of these compressors can be mounted on the same shaft to increase capacity and reduce vibration and noise 15 a design without a spring is known as a swing compressor 16 in refrigeration and air conditioning this type of compressor is also known as a rotary compressor with rotary screw compressors being also known simply as screw compressors it offers higher efficiency than reciprocating compressors due to less losses from the clearance volume between the piston and the compressor casing it s 40 to 50 smaller and lighter for a given capacity which can impact material and shipping costs when used in a product causes less vibration has fewer components and is more reliable than a reciprocating compressor but its structure does not allow capacities beyond 5 refrigeration tons is less reliable than other compressor types and is less efficient than other compressor types due to losses from the clearance volume 5 scroll compressors edit mechanism of a scroll pump main article scroll compressor a scroll compressor also known as scroll pump and scroll vacuum pump uses two interleaved spiral like vanes to pump or compress fluids such as liquids and gases the vane geometry may be involute archimedean spiral or hybrid curves 17 18 19 they operate more smoothly quietly and reliably than other types of compressors in the lower volume range often one of the scrolls is fixed while the other orbits eccentrically without rotating thereby trapping and pumping or compressing pockets of fluid between the scrolls due to minimum clearance volume between the fixed scroll and the orbiting scroll these compressors have a very high volumetric efficiency these compressors are extensively used in air conditioning and refrigeration because they are lighter smaller and have fewer moving parts than reciprocating compressors and they are also more reliable they are more expensive though so peltier coolers or rotary and reciprocating compressors may be used in applications where cost is the most important or one of the most important factors to consider when designing a refrigeration or air conditioning system this type of compressor was used as the supercharger on volkswagen g60 and g40 engines in the early 1990s when compared with reciprocating and rolling piston compressors scroll compressors are more reliable since they have fewer components and have a simpler structure are more efficient since they have no clearance volume nor valves and possess the advantages both of surging less and not vibrating so much but when compared with screw and centrifugal compressors scroll compressors have lower efficiencies and smaller capacities 5 diaphragm compressors edit main article diaphragm compressor a diaphragm compressor also known as a membrane compressor is a variant of the conventional reciprocating compressor the compression of gas occurs by the movement of a flexible membrane instead of an intake element the back and forth movement of the membrane is driven by a rod and a crankshaft mechanism only the membrane and the compressor box come in contact with the gas being compressed 1 the degree of flexing and the material constituting the diaphragm affects the maintenance life of the equipment generally stiff metal diaphragms may only displace a few cubic centimeters of volume because the metal cannot endure large degrees of flexing without cracking but the stiffness of a metal diaphragm allows it to pump at high pressures rubber or silicone diaphragms are capable of enduring deep pumping strokes of very high flexion but their low strength limits their use to low pressure applications and they need to be replaced as plastic embrittlement occurs diaphragm compressors are used for hydrogen and compressed natural gas cng as well as in a number of other applications a three stage diaphragm compressor the photograph on the right depicts a three stage diaphragm compressor used to compress hydrogen gas to 6 000 psi 41 mpa for use in a prototype compressed hydrogen and compressed natural gas cng fueling station built in downtown phoenix arizona by the arizona public service company an electric utilities company reciprocating compressors were used to compress the natural gas the reciprocating natural gas compressor was developed by sertco 20 the prototype alternative fueling station was built in compliance with all of the prevailing safety environmental and building codes in phoenix to demonstrate that such fueling stations could be built in urban areas dynamic edit air bubble compressor edit also known as a trompe a mixture of air and water generated through turbulence is allowed to fall into a subterranean chamber where the air separates from the water the weight of falling water compresses the air in the top of the chamber a submerged outlet from the chamber allows water to flow to the surface at a lower height than the intake an outlet in the roof of the chamber supplies the compressed air to the surface a facility on this principle was built on the montreal river at ragged shutes near cobalt ontario in 1910 and supplied 5 000 horsepower to nearby mines 21 centrifugal compressors edit a single stage centrifugal compressor a single stage centrifugal compressor early 1900s g schiele co frankfurt am main main article centrifugal compressor centrifugal compressors use a rotating disk or impeller in a shaped housing to force the gas to the rim of the impeller increasing the velocity of the gas a diffuser divergent duct section converts the velocity energy to pressure energy they are primarily used for continuous stationary service in industries such as oil refineries chemical and petrochemical plants and natural gas processing plants 1 22 23 their application can be from 100 horsepower 75 kw to thousands of horsepower with multiple staging they can achieve high output pressures greater than 1 000 psi 6 9 mpa this type of compressor along with screw compressors are extensively used in large refrigeration and air conditioning systems magnetic bearing magnetically levitated and air bearing centrifugal compressors exist many large snowmaking operations like ski resorts use this type of compressor they are also used in internal combustion engines as superchargers and turbochargers centrifugal compressors are used in small gas turbine engines or as the final compression stage of medium sized gas turbines centrifugal compressors are the largest available compressors offer higher efficiencies under partial loads may be oil free when using air or magnetic bearings which increases the heat transfer coefficient in evaporators and condensers weigh up to 90 less and occupy 50 less space than reciprocating compressors are reliable and cost less to maintain since less components are exposed to wear and only generate minimal vibration but their initial cost is higher require highly precise cnc machining the impeller needs to rotate at high speeds making small compressors impractical and surging becomes more likely 5 surging is gas flow reversal meaning that the gas goes from the discharge to the suction side which can cause serious damage specially in the compressor bearings and its drive shaft it is caused by a pressure on the discharge side that is higher than the output pressure of the compressor this can cause gases to flow back and forth between the compressor and whatever is connected to its discharge line causing oscillations 5 diagonal or mixed flow compressors edit diagonal or mixed flow compressors are similar to centrifugal compressors but have a radial and axial velocity component at the exit from the rotor the diffuser is often used to turn diagonal flow to an axial rather than radial direction 24 comparative to the conventional centrifugal compressor of the same stage pressure ratio the value of the speed of the mixed flow compressor is 1 5 times larger 25 axial compressors edit an animation of an axial compressor main article axial compressor axial compressors are dynamic rotating compressors that use arrays of fan like airfoils to progressively compress a fluid they are used where high flow rates or a compact design are required the arrays of airfoils are set in rows usually as pairs one rotating and one stationary the rotating airfoils also known as blades or rotors accelerate the fluid the stationary airfoils also known as stators or vanes decelerate and redirect the flow direction of the fluid preparing it for the rotor blades of the next stage 1 axial compressors are almost always multi staged with the cross sectional area of the gas passage diminishing along the compressor to maintain an optimum axial mach number beyond about 5 stages or a 4 1 design pressure ratio a compressor will not function unless fitted with features such as stationary vanes with variable angles known as variable inlet guide vanes and variable stators the ability to allow some air to escape part way along the compressor known as interstage bleed and being split into more than one rotating assembly known as twin spools for example axial compressors can have high efficiencies around 90 polytropic at their design conditions however they are relatively expensive requiring a large number of components tight tolerances and high quality materials axial compressors are used in medium to large gas turbine engines natural gas pumping stations and some chemical plants hermetically sealed open or semi hermetic edit a small hermetically sealed compressor in a common consumer refrigerator or freezer typically has a rounded steel outer shell permanently welded shut which seals operating gases inside the system in this case an r600a refrigerant there is no route for gases to leak such as around motor shaft seals on this model the plastic top section is part of an auto defrost system that uses motor heat to evaporate the water compressors used in refrigeration systems must exhibit near zero leakage to avoid the loss of the refrigerant if they are to function for years without service this necessitates the use of very effective seals or even the elimination of all seals and openings to form a hermetic syst...
|
