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n the pilbara this was shared by three men explorers francis gregory and n w cook and pastoralist john withnell gregory also discovered gold in a region known as nullagine proper in june 1888 and harry wells found gold in marble bar as a result the pilbara goldfield which covered an area of 34 880 square miles 90 300 km 2 was divided into two districts nullagine and marble bar to support the pilbara rush the government developed a railway line between marble bar and port hedland in 1891 alluvial gold production started to decline in 1895 after which mining companies commenced deep shaft mining 226 1891 cue gold was found at cue in 1891 by michael fitzgerald edward heffernan and tom cue 33 this became known as the murchison rush 227 1892 1899 coolgardie kalgoorlie and other finds in western australia 1892 coolgardie in september 1892 gold was found at fly flat coolgardie by arthur wesley bayley and william ford who next to a quartz reef obtaining 17 2 kilograms 554 ozt of gold in one afternoon with the aid of a tomahawk on 17 september 1892 wesley rode the 185 km 115 mi with this gold into southern cross to register their reward claim for a new find of gold within hours had started what was at first called the gnarlbine rush overnight the miners who were flocked on the southern cross diggings moved to the more lucrative coolgardie goldfield 33 228 the reward claim for bayley s party for discovering the new goldfield was to be granted a 30 m 100 ft deep claim along the line of reef 229 230 this claim was said to cover an area of five acres 2 0 hectares 231 on 24 august 1893 less than a year after arthur bayley and william ford s discovery of gold at fly flat coolgardie was declared a town site with an estimated population of 4 000 with many more mining out in the field 232 the coolgardie gold rush was the beginning of what has been described as the greatest gold rush in west australian history 233 it has also been described as the greatest movement of people in australia s history 234 but this is an exaggeration the greatest movement of people in australia s history was in the period 1851 to 1861 during the gold rushes to the eastern states when the recorded population of australia rose by 730 484 from 437 665 in 1851 to 1 168 149 in 1861 33 as against an increase of 20 of this amount for western australia in the period 1891 to 1901 a 137 834 increase of recorded population for western australia from 46 290 in 1891 to 184 124 in 1901 232 1893 kalgoorlie on 17 june 1893 alluvial gold was found near mount charlotte less than 25 miles 40 km from coolgardie at what became the town of hannan kalgoorlie the announcement of this find by paddy hannan only intensified the excitement of the coolgardie gold rush and led to the establishment in western australia s eastern goldfields of the twin towns of kalgoorlie boulder 235 236 prior to moving to western australia in 1889 to prospect for gold hannan had prospected at ballarat in victoria in the 1860s otago in new zealand in the 1870s and at teetulpa north of yunta in south australia in 1886 39 the first to find gold at kalgoorlie were paddy hannan and his fellow irishmen thomas flanagan and daniel shea in the morning flanagan was fetching the horses when he spotted gold on the ground as others were camping nearby he kicked a bush over it took careful note of his bearings and hastened back to tell hannan and dan shea another irishman who had joined them they tarried there until the others had gone then recovered flanagan s gold and found much more it was decided one should go back to southern cross the nearest administrative centre with the gold and seek a reward claim from the warden tess thomson in her book paddy hannan a claim to fame 237 reveals that it was hannan who did so thus flanagan was the finder and hannan who made the find public was the discoverer for dis cover means what it says to take the cover off in other words to reveal to make public which a finder does not necessarily do 238 after hannan registered their reward claim for a new find of gold with over 100 ounces 2 8 kg of alluvial gold an estimated 700 men were prospecting in the area within three days 235 the reward for hannan s party for discovering the best alluvial find ever made in the colony and without knowing it one of the best reefing fields in the world was to be granted a six acres 2 4 hectares mining lease 239 1893 greenough river gold was found at noondamurra pool on the greenough river between yuna and mullewa in august 1893 causing a small rush to that area 33 240 1893 1899 coolgardie and kalgoorlie other rich fields were found in the area around coolgardie and kalgoorlie in the period 1893 1899 33 the population of coolgardie is estimated to have reached 15 000 at its peak during the gold rush and the town boasted over 26 pubs supplied by 3 breweries 2 stock exchanges 14 churches 6 newspapers and a courthouse 241 the population of kalgoorlie boulder is estimated to have reached 30 000 at its initial peak during the gold rush with over 93 pubs supplied by 8 breweries a stock exchange churches newspapers and a courthouse 242 243 it took more than a century for the population to surpass its gold frenzied peak when it reached 32 966 in 2013 before declining to 29 068 in august 2021 244 245 in 1897 coolgardie was the third largest town in western australia after perth and fremantle and the largest town in the western australian gold mining districts with a recorded population of 5 008 while kalgoorlie boulder was the fourth largest town in western australia and the second largest in the western australian gold mining districts with an estimated population of 3 400 kalgoorlie s recorded population was 2 018 while numbers for boulder were not recorded the estimate of 3 400 for kalgoorlie boulder is based on the proportional numbers in kalgoorlie and boulder in the 1901 census the total estimated population for 1897 for the many settlements in the coolgardie magisterial districts which included coolgardie and kalgoorlie was 17 645 14 047 men and 3 598 women many more people were not residing in residential areas but were out in the field mining 246 the 1901 census gives a greater idea of the population of the area and the size of the gold rush by 1901 the population of kalgoorlie boulder municipality had grown to 11 253 6 652 kalgoorlie 4 601 boulder making it at that time the third largest town in western australia after perth and fremantle and the largest town in the western australian gold mining districts while that of coolgardie municipality had fallen slightly to 4 249 the total population for the coolgardie magisterial districts which included coolgardie and kalgoorlie boulder was 41 816 men women and children being 8 315 in the coolgardie magisterial district centred on coolgardie 26 101 in the coolgardie east magisterial district centred on kalgoorlie boulder 4 710 in the coolgardie north magisterial district centred on menzies and 2 690 in the coolgardie north east magisterial district centred on kanowna 247 248 249 the far reaching nature of the mining excitement in western australia drew men from all over the world people immigrated from africa and america great britain and europe china and india new zealand and the south sea islands and from mining centres in queensland new south wales victoria tasmania and south australia 250 a website managed by the national trust of australia wa states the gold rush transformed the western australian economy as gold production soared from 22 806 ounces in 1890 to 1 643 876 ounces in 1900 and this was matched by the fourfold increase in wa s population from 46 290 in 1890 to 184 124 reported in the 1901 census 232 1906 tarnagulla victoria gold was rediscovered near tarnagulla on 6 november 1906 melbourne cup day when a miner who had prospected the district for years obtained seven ounces of gold from a shaft nineteen feet 5 8 metres deep with some fairly large nuggets being found soon after the so called poseidon rush named after the horse that had won the melbourne cup that year set in with men of all ranks and professions trying their luck on the field 251 several of the nuggets were unearthed within a few inches of the surface the largest weighed 953 ounces 27 0 kg and two others weighed 703 20 kg and 675 ounces 19 1 kg respectively the shallow ground was soon worked out but operations gave satisfactory results in the deeper alluvial until 1912 33 252 see also eureka stockade buckland riot lambing flat riots notes bathurst most sources give the date of discovery as 15 february but a few indicate the date was 16 february instead 24 bendigo commemorating 150 years of gold mrs margaret kennedy and mrs farrell found gold near this spot in the spring of 1851 discovery of gold marked the beginning of bendigo which became eastern australia s most productive goldfield the golden trail project supported by the victorian government through the community support fund 28 september 2001 city of greater bendigo cr barry ackerman mayor gold 150 victoria community support fund victoria 150 years of gold bendigo mrs faye buerger project manager bendigo many historians cannot be substantiated it is difficult to find a historian who has written that gold was first found at bendigo by mrs margaret kennedy and mrs farrell 98 bendigo the first person to document mrs farrell with the first name of julia was rita hull in her 2011 book bendigo in this book rita hull unfortunately documents the wrong patrick farrell c 1826 1904 and the wrong mrs farrell she documents a mrs julia farrell nee abel 1831 1916 who died in 1916 her husband who died in 1904 who married in melbourne in 1848 and who had 7 children between 1856 and 1866 the incorrect mrs farrell mrs julia farrell is found living with her husband the incorrect patrick farrell pensioner in the 1903 electoral roll at 48 harmsworth st collingwood while at the same time the correct patrick peter farrell c 1830 1905 pensioner is shown living at 21 wood sic it should read hood st collingwood in the 1905 electoral roll the wrong mrs farrell mrs julia farrell was still living at 48 harmsworth st with her deceased husband also listed as his name had not yet been removed from the electoral roll while the correct patrick pater farrell had moved to 34 vere street collingwood where he is also recorded on the 1905 victorian directory as patrick p farrell in 1890 patrick peter farrell a cooper gave his address to the 1890 select committee as 544 canning st carlton on 7 november 1892 he was recorded in the victorian rate book as patrick p farrell also a cooper at 22 hood st collingwood in a house owned by himself in 1893 the victorian directory records him as patrick p farrell next door at 21 hood st while the 1899 victorian referendum records him as a cooper at 21 hood st further evidence that the incorrect couple were researched is found in rita hull s book at page 19 here she writes about the patrick and julia farrell that she researched living with their daughter at eaglehawk near bendigo in 1879 and 1884 and having been admitted to bendigo goldfields hospital julia farrell in 1879 and patrick farrell in 1884 the admission record for this patrick farrell on 5 november 1884 lists his occupation as drover not cooper the correct man patrick peter farrell is stated to be a cooper in 1851 in 1890 at the select committee on 7 november 1892 victorian rate book and on the 1899 victorian referendum the only time his occupation is shown as anything but a cooper was after he retired when on the 1903 and 1905 electoral rolls he is shown as a pensioner he was never a drover the death certificate for patrick peter farrell provides very little detail about his life apart from the fact that he was born in ireland and none about his wife no documentary evidence has been found about his wife mrs farrell apart from that in relation to the 1890 select committee her death was not recorded bendigo margaret kennedy also took her 3 younger daughters with her to prospect for gold mary ann drane 7 and mary jane kennedy 2 and baby lucy kennedy they were not mentioned by her as they were unable to assist in the gold prospecting with 7 year old mary ann instead of necessity assisting with child minding of her younger sisters other witnesses to the 1890 select committee mentioned the children or noted seeing her son helping out in the gold prospecting in adulthood mary jane kennedy reported having been on the bendigo goldfield with her mother bendigo the evidence of joshua norris to the select committee of 1890 mentioned margaret s 4 children the children were also mentioned but not their number by other witnesses the death registrations of margaret kennedy in 1905 and her husband john kennedy in 1883 by the ages then given for their children suggest that margaret only had 3 children in 1851 but this is not supported by an additional two pieces of documentary evidence 1 a newspaper article in the argus 1941 reference follows where mary jane was interviewed and gave her age at the time that her mother found gold late 1851 as being 2 years of age and not 1 year of age as suggested by her parents death registrations and 2 the victorian birth registration 42857 for their daughter lucy kennedy for 1852 in the name of lucy kenny sic which is a record of her baptism on 19 april 1852 and records her date of birth as 9 march 1851 and gives her father s occupation as overseer again disagreeing with the ages shown on her parents death registrations that suggest that she was born in 1852 references keep it quiet the examiner launceston tasmania 15 february 1934 p 6 archived from the original on 2 july 2021 retrieved 14 february 2012 via national library of australia the gold rush website nsw government 29 june 2007 retrieved 27 october 2012 cite web cs1 maint deprecated archival service link mitchell bruce 2006 hargraves edward hammond 1816 1891 australian dictionary of biography from 1870 lister and tom brothers bombarded parliament with petitions and campaigned in pamphlets and press their persistence was rewarded in 1890 when a legislative assembly select committee found that although hargraves had taught the others how to use the dish and cradle messrs tom and lister were undoubtedly the first discoverers of gold obtained in australia in payable quantity but the legend of hargraves the discoverer of gold persists ophir sydney morning herald 20 june 2008 retrieved 3 june 2023 1 2 kathryn wells 5 october 2007 the australian gold rush website government of australia archived from the original on 20 january 2013 retrieved 21 october 2012 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 f lancelott australia as it is its settlements farms and gold fields vol ii colburn and co london 1852 cited at goldfields nsw 1852 archived 20 march 2013 at the wayback machine eureka the rush for gold catalogue state library of new south wales archived from the original on 27 january 2014 retrieved 12 december 2013 1...
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