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d a medic from the royal army medical corps four men of a company winnipeg grenadiers were bayoneted after the battle at jardine s lookout 104 one grenadier private kilfoyle was killed on the forced march to north point according to witnesses four men were killed in the so called black hole of hong kong a mess hut at the wongneichong aa battery including two canadian officers in the evening of 18 19 december 1941 surrendered gunners of the 5th battery hong kong volunteer defence corps hkvdc and 5th heavy anti aircraft regiment at sai wan aa battery were murdered by japanese soldiers of no 6 company the 2nd battalion 229th infantry regiment in total 28 are killed some may have died in the fight for the position 105 in the morning of 19 december 1941 japanese soldiers of the 2nd battalion or 3rd battalion 229th infantry regiment murdered medical personnel and wounded soldiers who were captured at salesian mission which was used as an emergency hospital the japanese soldiers attempted to kill all male prisoners of wars and released two female nurses in total 16 were killed 106 from 19 to 20 december 1941 surrendered british and commonwealth soldiers from various units were kept in a small shed near the anti aircraft gun battery without food water and medical assistance they were hit by shells and some were killed as the result in wong nai chung gap the japanese troops responsible for this probably came from the 230th and 229th regiments in total at least 16 were killed 107 around thirty civilians of different ethnicities were massacred at no 42 blue pool road on 22 december 108 when the soldiers of the 230th infantry regiment entered blue pool road from the south they murdered civilians including local businessmen lam ming fan and three male relatives of his family as well a number of ministry of finance officials of the nationalist chinese government who took refuge in the houses along the road tang shiu kin a prominent businessman and philanthropist who was at the same spot survived the massacre 109 on 23 december 1941 british and commonwealth soldiers from various units led by lt col robert macpherson attempted to surrender but were killed by japanese soldiers of the no 6 company 2nd battalion of the 229th infantry regiment at the ridge in repulse bay at least 47 were killed and most of the killed prisoners of war were wounded soldiers 110 among the dead was major charles sydney clarke of china command hq two men of the 12th and 20th coastal regiments of the royal artillery ra six men of the royal army service corps rasc and two of the royal canadian army service corps rcasc nineteen men of the royal army ordnance corps raoc and three of the royal canadian ordnance corps rcoc and fourteen men of the rasc company of the hkvdc on 23 december 1941 wounded soldiers from various units were bayoneted at overbays by japanese soldiers of the 3rd battalion 229th infantry regiment the japanese troops also set fire on the building 111 the japanese executed at least fourteen captives men of the same units as at the ridge but also including three royal rifles of canada and an officer of the 1st middlesex 112 ride who was present at the surrender stated later that he saw fifty bodies lying by the road including six middlesex men among them these men may have been some of those attached to the hong kong chinese regiment 113 114 the commonwealth war graves commission report also states that five men of the royal air force went missing near the ridge on 20 december perhaps captured and killed on 23 december 1941 canadian troops from a company royal rifles and troops from various units were murdered at eucliff by soldiers of the 3rd battalion 229th infantry regiment after surrender at least 7 were killed 115 six men of the middlesex were killed defending pb 14 at deepwater bay ride lyon light most of them were killed after capture via beheading another 36 known victims cannot be placed precisely at one of the three locations ridge overbays eucliffe in the evening of 24 december japanese soldiers of the 229th and 230th regiments stormed the marynoll mission position resistance continued until dawn 116 at least six officers and a number of other men were killed after capture at maryknoll mission 117 four members of the 8th coastal regiment ra may have been killed here as well estimates of the number of men murdered vary from 11 to 16 in the evening of 24 december 1941 soldiers of the 1st battalion 229th regiment stormed the field hospital of st stephen s college murdering the medical personnel and the wounded soldiers nurses were raped and then murdered this was the largest scale war crime against the garrison during the battle 118 twelve nurses were raped at the emergency hospital at happy valley racecourse on 25 december 119 from 25 to 28 december 1941 japanese soldiers from various units possibly include rear area troops looted and raped the civilians in causeway bay they were sometimes stopped by japanese gendarmerie but there were not enough of them to stop the rampage 120 kowloon edit one private john payne and an australian were captured by the japanese in kowloon on 12 december and executed new territories edit from 8 9 december 1941 japanese soldiers from various units passed through the fanling orphanage and looted the place nurses and amahs were raped and brutalized at least one baby was killed during the process the case however was not thoroughly investigated and the perpetuators were not identified and tried 121 subsequent operations edit main article japanese occupation of hong kong see also british army aid group hong kong volunteer company and east river column dongjiang guerillas fighting in trenches isogai rensuke became the first japanese governor of hong kong this ushered in the three years and eight months of imperial japanese administration 103 the 38th infantry division departed hong kong in january 1942 the hong kong defence force was established during the same month and was the main japanese military unit in hong kong throughout the occupation 122 during the over three and a half years of occupation by the japanese an estimated 10 000 hong kong civilians were executed while many others were tortured raped or mutilated 103 the local population in the rural new territories a mix of hakka cantonese and other han chinese groups waged a guerrilla war with limited success the resistance groups were known as the gangjiu and dongjiang forces the japanese razed several villages in reprisal the guerillas fought until the end of the japanese occupation general takashi sakai who led the invasion of hong kong and served as governor for some time was tried as a war criminal and executed by a firing squad in 1946 citation needed japanese war criminals captured by british forces in hong kong response by the canadian government edit following the fall of hong kong conservative premier of ontario george a drew accused the federal government under liberal prime minister william lyon mackenzie king of incompetence for sending canadian troops that were not sufficiently trained to hong kong 123 minister of defence james ralston conceded that canadian soldiers were not adequately trained for a combat role but the government only expected the soldiers to serve in a garrison role 124 king responded by organizing a royal commission into the decision to send canadian troops to hong kong while king considered crerar as a commissioner he was concerned that he may frame the deployment as a political decision 125 chief justice lyman duff was appointed as the commissioner who subsequently cleared the government of any fault 123 126 the royal commission and its outcome tarnished the reputation of chief justice duff who had two years earlier been granted a bi partisan extension by parliament to his term despite being past the mandatory retirement age of 75 123 the report led to opposition in parliament to further extensions of his term and he subsequently retired in january 1943 123 in july 1946 major general christopher maltby the british commander in hong kong completed his final report which contradicted duff s report 127 the canadian government had the report toned down and delayed its publication until january 1948 127 awards edit battalions from both indian army regiments earned battle honours for the defence of hong kong 128 129 130 in his despatch major general c m maltby wrote about the conduct of troops under his command in hong kong and mentions the 5 7 rajput regiment this battalion fought well on the mainland and their repulse of the enemy attack on devil s peak was entirely successful the full force of the enemy s initial attack on the island fell on this battalion and they fought gallantly until they had suffered heavy casualties 100 of british officers and most senior indian officers being lost and were run over gander was a newfoundland dog posthumously awarded the dickin medal the animals victoria cross in 2000 for his deeds in world war ii the first such award in over 50 years he picked up a thrown japanese hand grenade and rushed with it toward the enemy dying in the ensuing explosion but saving the lives of several wounded canadian soldiers colonel lance newnham captain douglas ford and flight lieutenant hector bertram gray were awarded the george cross for the gallantry they showed in resisting japanese torture in the immediate aftermath of the battle the men had been captured and were in the process of planning a mass escape by british forces their plan was discovered but they refused to disclose information under torture and were shot by firing squad 131 captain mateen ansari of the 5 7th rajput s was awarded the george cross for most conspicuous gallantry in carrying out hazardous work in a very brave manner despite numerous efforts by the japanese to get him to renounce his allegiance to the british and assist them in spreading subversion amongst the indian ranks held in japanese pow camps after the fall of the colony all efforts failed ansari was tortured and starved for over five months before being sentenced to death he was executed by beheading on 20 october 1943 132 commemoration edit the cenotaph in central commemorates the defence as well as war dead from the first world war the shield in the colonial emblem of hong kong granted in 1959 featured the battlement design to commemorate the defence of hong kong during the second world war this coat of arms was in place until 1997 when it was replaced by the regional emblem after the war lei yue mun fort became a training ground for the british forces until 1987 when it was vacated in view of its historical significance and unique architectural features the former urban council decided in 1993 to conserve and develop the fort into the hong kong museum of coastal defence the memorial garden at hong kong city hall commemorates those who died in hong kong during world war ii statue of an anonymous world war i soldier from statuary collection of eu tong sen also visible is the battle of hong kong memorial plaque dedicated to all the defenders of hong kong in december 1941 through john robert osborn memorial plaque dedicated to all the defenders of hong kong in december 1941 through john robert osborn and to commemorate the british garrison at hong kong the cenotaph in hong kong commemorative plaque at the entrance to memorial gardens at hong kong city hall the memorial garden at hong kong city hall shrine to the war dead in the memorial garden at hong kong city hall see also edit japanese occupation of hong kong liberation of hong kong notes edit british 5 072 canadian 1 689 indian 3 829 others 357 4 figures taken from selwyn selwyn clarke the director of medical services in hong kong 7 articles in the new york times and the chicago daily of 15 december 1941 46 the pilots were charles l sharp 47 hugh l woods 48 harold a sweet 49 william mcdonald 50 frank l higgs 51 robert s angle 52 p w kessler 53 and s e scott 54 footnotes edit banham 2003 p316 operations in the far east from 17th december 1940 to 27th december 1941 pdf london gazette 38183 20 january 1948 573 22 january 1948 retrieved 29 november 2017 banham 2003 pp 330 33 1 2 official report of the debates of the house of commons of the dominion of canada volume 2 1942 page 1168 ishiwari 1956 pp 47 48 carew 1960 pp 80 banham 2005 p 318 fung 2005 p 129 1 2 harris 2005 lai rava 2014 p 35 the war with japan parts 1 2 and 3 december 1941 to january 1945 united states military academy 1951 p 31 stobie james r 13 september 2012 more to the story a reappraisal of u s intelligence prior to the pacific war biblioscholar isbn 978 1249373070 archived from the original on 22 january 2020 terry copp 2001 the defence of hong kong december 1941 canadian military history 10 4 3 5 7 issn 1195 8472 defeat still cries aloud for explanation explaining c force dispatch to hong kong pdf canadian military journal 11 number 4 autumn 2011 46 retrieved 30 november 2017 horne 2004 pp 75 76 macri 2011 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 operations in the far east from 17th december 1940 to 27th december 1941 pdf london gazette 38183 20 january 1948 573 22 january 1948 archived pdf from the original on 17 september 2017 retrieved 29 november 2017 stewart 2020 p 68 roland 2001 p 4 chi man yiu lun 2014 pp 165 219 scudieri james d the indian army in africa and asia 1940 42 implications for the planning and execution of two nearly simultaneous campaigns department of defence school of advanced military studies us army command and general staff college fort leavenworth archived from the original on 17 july 2011 retrieved 30 november 2017 chi man yiu lun 2014 pp 144 145 macri 2011 p 67 white 1994 p 32 white 1994 p 41 nicholson k w maurice jones with a foreword by cameron 1957 the history of coast artillery in the british army uckfield naval and military press in association with firepower the royal artillery museum pp 258 259 261 isbn 978 1845740313 cite book isbn date incompatibility help cs1 maint multiple names authors list link g d johnson 1984 the battle of hong kong after the battle 46 battle of briton prints 2 3 19 20 issn 0306 154x banham 2005 p 315 stacey 1956 p 448 stacey 1956 pp 448 449 stacey 1956 p 449 lai rava 2014 p 23 the capture of hong kong in 1941 the naval battle naval historical society of australia december 2011 retrieved 27 may 2018 1 2 lai rava 2014 pp 12 79 1 2 lai rava 2014 p 48 lai rava 2014 p 54 hong kong volunteer defence corps jean baptiste étienne rodéric égal hong kong baptist university library retrieved 17 november 2022 the wwii sacrifice of free french defending hong kong afp 8 december 2016 retrieved 17 november 2022 lindsay oliver harris john r 2005 the battle for hong kong 1941 1945 hostage to fortune hong kong hong kong university press pp 65 75 80 81 137 isbn 978 962 209 779 7 1 2 lai rava 2014 p 37 in 1941 hawaii was a half hour different from the majority of other time zones see utc 10 30 lai rava 2014 pp 37 38 lai rava 2014 p...
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