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are kept in especially en masse if these fish are farmed in areas they are not native to they may be able to establish themselves and outcompete native populations of fish and cause ecological harm as an invasive species 53 furthermore if they are in areas where the fish being farmed are also native their genetics are selectively bred rather than being wild these farmed fish could breed with the natives which could be problematic in the sense that they would have been bred for consumption rather than by chance this results in an overall decrease in genetic diversity and rendering local fish populations less fit for survival 53 if proper management is not being undertaken then the economic benefits and the diversity of the fish species will falter 52 advantages and disadvantages edit selective breeding is a direct way to determine if a specific trait can evolve in response to selection a single generation method of breeding is not as accurate or direct the process is also more practical and easier to understand than sibling analysis selective breeding is better for traits such as physiology and behavior that are hard to measure because it requires fewer individuals to test than single generation testing however there are disadvantages to this process this is because a single experiment done in selective breeding cannot be used to assess an entire group of genetic variances individual experiments must be done for every individual trait also due to the necessity of selective breeding experiments to require maintaining the organisms tested in a lab or greenhouse it is impractical to use this breeding method on many organisms controlled mating instances are difficult to carry out in this case and this is a necessary component of selective breeding 54 additionally selective breeding can lead to a variety of issues including reduction of genetic diversity or physical problems the process of selective breeding can create physical issues for plants or animals such as dogs selectively bred for extremely small sizes dislocating their kneecaps at a much more frequent rate then other dogs 55 an example in the plant world is the lenape potatoes were selectively bred for their disease or pest resistance which was attributed to their high levels of toxic glycoalkaloid solanine which are usually present only in small amounts in potatoes fit for human consumption 56 when genetic diversity is lost it can also allow for populations to lack genetic alternatives to adapt to events this becomes an issue of biodiversity because attributes are so wide spread they can result in mass epidemics as seen in the southern corn leaf blight epidemic of 1970 that wiped out 15 of the united states corn crop due to the wide use of a type of texan corn strain that was artificially selected due to having sterile pollen to make farming easier at the same time it was more vulnerable to southern corn leaf blight 57 58 see also edit animal breeding animal husbandry breed registry breeding back captive breeding culling eugenics experimental evolution gene pool genetic engineering genomics of domestication inbreeding marker assisted selection mutation breeding natural selection plant breeding potsdam giants quantitative genetics serial passage selection limits selection methods in plant breeding based on mode of reproduction selective breeding and the birth of philosophy references edit https www merriam webster com dictionary breed noun definition 1 darwin charles 2008 1859 on the origin of species by means of natural selection or the preservation of favoured races in the struggle for life reissue ed new york bantam books pp 9 132 isbn 978 0553214635 dawkins richard 1996 1986 the blind watchmaker why the evidence of evolution reveals a universe without design new york w w norton company pp 7 11 isbn 978 0393351491 boehm christopher 2012 moral origins the evolution of virtue altruism and shame new york basic books pp 2 3 isbn 978 0465020485 purugganan m d fuller 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resources and the interlaken declaration rome fao 2015 the second report on the state of the world s animal genetic resources for food and agriculture rome archived 18 september 2018 at the wayback machine gjerdem b 1986 growth and reproduction in fish and shellfish aquaculture 57 1 4 37 55 bibcode 1986aquac 57 37g doi 10 1016 0044 8486 86 90179 1 gjedrem t 1979 selection for growth rate and domestication in atlantic salmon zeitschrift für tierzüchtung und züchtungsbiologie 96 1 4 56 59 doi 10 1111 j 1439 0388 1979 tb00199 x gjedrem t 1477 selective breeding to improve aquaculture production world aquaculture 28 33 45 purugganan michael d fuller dorian q 2009 the nature of selection during plant domestication nature 457 7231 843 848 bibcode 2009natur 457 843p doi 10 1038 nature07895 pmid 19212403 s2cid 205216444 schäperclaus w 1962 traité de pisciculture en étang paris vigot frères external links edit the global plan of action for animal genetic resources v t e breeds and cultivars lists of breeds lists of cultivars m...
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