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cloaca wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 etymology 2 birds 3 fish 4 mammals toggle mammals subsection 4 1 monotremes 4 2 marsupials 4 3 placental mammals 5 reptiles 6 cloacal respiration in animals 7 see also 8 references toggle the table of contents cloaca 57 languages afrikaans aragonés العربية azərbaycanca беларуская тарашкевіца беларуская български bosanski català čeština dansk deutsch esperanto español eesti euskara فارسی suomi français gaeilge galego עברית हिन्दी hrvatski magyar bahasa indonesia íslenska italiano 日本語 қазақша 한국어 latina limburgs lietuvių македонски bahasa melayu nederlands norsk nynorsk norsk bokmål polski português română русский scots srpskohrvatski српскохрватски simple english slovenčina slovenščina српски srpski sunda svenska тоҷикӣ türkçe українська oʻzbekcha ўзбекча tiếng việt 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia posterior opening in zoology for other uses see cloaca disambiguation cloaca of a red tailed hawk a cloaca k l oʊ ˈ eɪ k ə ⓘ kloh ay kə pl cloacae k l oʊ ˈ eɪ s i kloh ay see or k l oʊ ˈ eɪ k i kloh ay kee or vent is the rear orifice that serves as the only opening for the digestive rectum reproductive and urinary tracts if present of many vertebrate animals all amphibians reptiles birds cartilaginous fish 1 and a few mammals monotremes afrosoricids and marsupial moles have this orifice from which they excrete both urine and feces this is in contrast to most placental mammals which have separate orifices for evacuation and reproduction excretory openings with analogous purpose in some invertebrates are also sometimes called cloacae mating through the cloaca is called cloacal copulation and cloacal kissing the cloacal region is also often associated with a secretory organ the cloacal gland which has been implicated in the scent marking behavior of some reptiles 2 marsupials 3 amphibians and monotremes 4 etymology edit the word is from the latin verb cluo i cleanse thus the noun cloaca sewer drain 5 6 7 birds edit see also bird anatomy reproductive and urogenital systems cloaca of a female bird cloaca of a male bird a roseate spoonbill excreting urine in flight birds reproduce using their cloaca this occurs during a cloacal kiss in most birds 8 birds that mate using this method touch their cloacae together in some species for only a few seconds sufficient time for sperm to be transferred from the male to the female 9 for palaeognaths and waterfowl the males do not use the cloaca for reproduction but have a phallus 10 one study 11 has looked into birds that use their cloaca for cooling 12 among falconers the word vent is also a verb meaning to defecate fish edit among fish a true cloaca is present only in elasmobranchs sharks and rays and lobe finned fishes in lampreys and in some ray finned fishes part of the cloaca remains in the adult to receive the urinary and reproductive ducts although the anus always opens separately in chimaeras and most teleosts however all three openings are entirely separated 13 mammals edit with a few exceptions noted below mammals have no cloaca even in the marsupials that have one the cloaca is partially subdivided into separate regions for the anus and urethra diagrams to illustrate the changes in the cloaca in mammals during development a early embryonic stage showing the cloaca receiving the urinary bladder the rectum and the wolffian duct as in non therian vertebrates b later stage showing the beginning of the fold which divides the cloaca into a ventral urogenital sinus which receives the urinary bladder wolffian ducts and ureters and into a dorsal part which receives the rectum c further progress of the fold dividing the cloaca into urogenital sinus and rectum the ureter has separated from the wolffian duct and is shifting anteriorly d completion of the fold showing complete separation of the cloaca into ventral urogenital sinus and dorsal rectum 14 monotremes edit the monotremes egg laying mammals possess a true cloaca 15 marsupials edit further information marsupial reproductive system cloacal opening in an australian brushtail possum in marsupials the genital tract is separate from the anus but a trace of the original cloaca does remain externally 13 this is one of the features of marsupials and monotremes that suggest their basal nature as the amniotes from which mammals evolved had a cloaca and probably so did the earliest mammals unlike other marsupials marsupial moles have a true cloaca 16 this fact has been used to argue that they are not marsupials 17 18 unreliable source placental mammals edit most adult placental mammals have no cloaca in the embryo the embryonic cloaca divides into a posterior region that becomes part of the anus and an anterior region that develops depending on sex in males it forms the penile urethra while in females it develops into the vestibule or urogenital sinus that receives the urethra and vagina 13 19 however some placental mammals retain a cloaca as adults those are members of the order afrosoricida small mammals native to africa as well as pikas beavers and some shrews 20 21 22 23 being placental mammals humans have an embryonic cloaca which divides into separate tracts during the development of the urinary and reproductive organs however a few human congenital disorders result in persons being born with a cloaca including persistent cloaca and sirenomelia mermaid syndrome reptiles edit in reptiles the cloaca consists of the urodeum proctodeum and coprodeum 24 25 some species have modified cloacae for increased gas exchange see reptile respiration and reptile reproduction this is where reproductive activity occurs 26 cloacal respiration in animals edit further information cloacal respiration some turtles especially those specialized in diving are highly reliant on cloacal respiration during dives 27 they accomplish this by having a pair of accessory air bladders connected to the cloaca which can absorb oxygen from the water 28 sea cucumbers use cloacal respiration the constant flow of water through it has allowed various fish polychaete worms and even crabs to specialize to take advantage of it while living protected inside the cucumber at night many of these species emerge through the anus of the sea cucumber in search of food 29 see also edit cloaca embryology references edit fish groups florida museum retrieved 2 february 2025 carl gans david crews june 1992 hormones brain and behavior university of chicago press isbn 978 0 226 28124 7 r f ewer 11 december 2013 ethology of mammals springer isbn 978 1 4899 4656 0 harris r l cameron e z davies n w nicol s c 2016 chemical cues hibernation and reproduction in female short beaked echidnas tachyglossus aculeatus setosus implications for sexual conflict in chemical signals in vertebrates 13 pp 145 166 springer cham cassell s latin dictionary marchant j r v charles joseph f eds revised edition 1928 p 103 harper douglas cloaca online etymology dictionary cloaca charlton t lewis and charles short a latin dictionary on perseus project michael l morrison amanda d rodewald gary voelker melanie r colón jonathan f prather 3 september 2018 ornithology foundation analysis and application jhu press isbn 978 1 4214 2471 2 lynch wayne 2007 the cloacal kiss owls of the united states and canada jhu press p 151 isbn 978 0 8018 8687 4 julian lombardi 1998 comparative vertebrate reproduction springer isbn 978 0 7923 8336 9 archived from the original on 26 march 2014 retrieved 5 december 2012 hoffman ty c m walsberg glenn e denardo dale f 2007 cloacal evaporation an important and previously undescribed mechanism for avian thermoregulation the journal of experimental biology 210 5 741 9 bibcode 2007jexpb 210 741h doi 10 1242 jeb 02705 pmid 17297135 hager yfke 2007 cloacal cooling the journal of experimental biology 210 5 i bibcode 2007jexpb 210s 1h doi 10 1242 jeb 02737 a b c romer alfred sherwood parsons thomas s 1977 the vertebrate body philadelphia pa holt saunders international pp 396 399 isbn 978 0 03 910284 5 libbie henrietta hyman a laboratory manual for comparative vertebrate anatomy 1922 1920s mervyn griffiths 2 december 2012 the biology of the monotremes elsevier science isbn 978 0 323 15331 7 gadow hans 20 august 2009 on the systematic position of notoryctes typhlops proceedings of the zoological society of london 60 3 361 433 doi 10 1111 j 1469 7998 1892 tb06835 x riedelsheimer b unterberger pia künzle h welsch u november 2007 histological study of the cloacal region and associated structures in the hedgehog tenrec echinops telfairi mammalian biology 72 6 330 341 bibcode 2007mambi 72 330r doi 10 1016 j mambio 2006 10 012 chimento nicolás agnolin federico 22 december 2014 morphological evidence supports dryolestoid affinities for the living australian marsupial mole notoryctes peerj preprints doi 10 7287 peerj preprints 755 linzey donald w 2020 vertebrate biology systematics taxonomy natural history and conservation johns hopkins university press p 306 isbn 978 1 42143 733 0 symonds matthew r e february 2005 phylogeny and life histories of the insectivora controversies and consequences biological reviews 80 1 93 128 doi 10 1017 s1464793104006566 pmid 15727040 s2cid 21132866 jonathan kingdon david happold thomas butynski michael hoffman meredith happold jan kalina 2020 mammals of africa volumes i vi bloomsbury publishing p 216 isbn 978 1 40818 996 2 retrieved 13 november 2024 lukefahr steven d mcnitt james i cheeke peter robert patton nephi m 2022 rabbit production cabi p 3 isbn 978 1 78924 978 1 retrieved 27 december 2024 rosell frank campbell palmer róisín 2022 beavers ecology behaviour conservation and management oup oxford p 74 isbn 978 0 19257 199 1 retrieved 27 december 2024 stephen j divers douglas r mader 13 december 2005 reptile medicine and surgery e book elsevier health sciences isbn 978 1 4160 6477 0 c edward stevens ian d hume 25 november 2004 comparative physiology of the vertebrate digestive system cambridge university press pp 23 isbn 978 0 521 61714 7 orenstein ronald 2001 turtles tortoises terrapins survivors in armor firefly books isbn 978 1 55209 605 5 dunson william a 1960 aquatic respiration in trionyx spinifer asper herpetologica 16 4 277 83 jstor 3889486 the straight dope is it true turtles breathe through their butts aquarium invertebrates by rob toonen ph d authority control databases national united states israel other yale lux retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title cloaca oldid 1325816703 categories animal anatomy bird anatomy digestive system sex organs animal reproductive system urinary system hidden categories pages using the phonos extension articles with short description short description matches wikidata pages including recorded pronunciations all articles lacking reliable references articles lacking reliable references from july 2019 this page was last edited on 5 december 2025 at 09 53 utc text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of 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