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arlier situation a declassified map used by the us navy s atlantic fleet showing the position of american and soviet ships at the height of the crisis blockade challenged at 7 15 am edt on 25 october uss essex and uss gearing attempted to intercept bucharest but failed to do so fairly certain that the tanker did not contain any military material the us allowed it through the blockade later that day at 5 43 pm the commander of the blockade ordered the destroyer uss joseph p kennedy jr to intercept and board the lebanese freighter marucla that took place the next day and marucla was cleared through the blockade after its cargo was checked 127 at 5 00 pm edt on 25 october william clements announced that the missiles in cuba were still being worked on this was later verified by a cia report that suggested there had been no slowdown in response kennedy issued security action memorandum 199 authorizing the loading of nuclear weapons onto aircraft under the command of saceur which had the duty of carrying out first air strikes on the soviet union kennedy claimed that the blockade had succeeded when the ussr turned back fourteen ships presumed to be carrying offensive weapons 128 the first indication of this was in a report from british gchq sent to the white house situation room which contained intercepted communications from soviet ships reporting their positions on 24 october kislovodsk a soviet cargo ship reported a position north east of where it had been 24 hours earlier indicating it had discontinued its voyage and turned back towards the baltic the next day further reports showed that more ships originally bound for cuba had altered their course 129 raising the stakes the next morning 26 october kennedy informed excomm that he believed only an invasion would remove the missiles from cuba he was persuaded to wait and continue with military and diplomatic pressure he agreed and ordered low level flights over the island to be increased from two per day to every two hours he also ordered a crash program to institute a new civil government in cuba if an invasion went ahead citation needed at this point the crisis appeared to be at a stalemate the soviets had shown no indication that they would back down and had made public media and private inter government statements to that effect the us had no reason to disbelieve them and was in the early stages of preparing an invasion of cuba and a nuclear strike on the soviet union if it responded militarily which the us assumed it would 130 kennedy had no intention of keeping these plans secret and with an array of cuban and soviet spies present khrushchev was made aware of them the implicit threat of air strikes on cuba followed by an invasion allowed the united states to exert pressure in future talks and the prospect of military action helped to accelerate khrushchev s proposal for a compromise 121 throughout the closing stages of october 1962 soviet communications to the united states became increasingly defensive and khrushchev s tendency to use poorly phrased and ambiguous language during negotiations increased the united states confidence and clarity in messaging leading soviet figures failed to mention that only the cuban government could agree to inspections of the territory and continued to make arrangements relating to cuba without castro s knowledge according to dean rusk khrushchev blinked he began to panic from the consequences of his own plan and this was reflected in the tone of soviet messages this allowed the us to dominate negotiations in late october 121 the escalating situation also caused khrushchev to abandon plans for a possible warsaw pact invasion of albania which was being discussed in the eastern bloc following the vlora incident the previous year 131 secret negotiations at 1 00 pm edt on 26 october john a scali of abc news met aleksandr fomin the cover name of alexander feklisov the kgb station chief in washington at fomin s request following the instructions of the politburo of the cpsu 132 fomin noted war seems about to break out he asked scali to use his contacts to talk to his high level friends at the state department to see if the us would be interested in a diplomatic solution he suggested that the language of the deal would contain an assurance from the soviet union to remove the weapons under un supervision and that castro would publicly announce that he would not accept such weapons again in exchange for a public statement by the us that it would not invade cuba 133 the us responded by asking the brazilian government to pass a message to castro that the us would be unlikely to invade if the missiles were removed 112 mr president we and you ought not now to pull on the ends of the rope in which you have tied the knot of war because the more the two of us pull the tighter that knot will be tied and a moment may come when that knot will be tied so tight that even he who tied it will not have the strength to untie it and then it will be necessary to cut that knot and what that would mean is not for me to explain to you because you yourself understand perfectly of what terrible forces our countries dispose consequently if there is no intention to tighten that knot and thereby to doom the world to the catastrophe of thermonuclear war then let us not only relax the forces pulling on the ends of the rope let us take measures to untie that knot we are ready for this letter from chairman khrushchev to president kennedy 26 october 1962 134 at 6 00 pm edt on 26 october the state department started receiving a message that appeared to be written personally by khrushchev it was saturday 2 00 am in moscow the long letter took several minutes to arrive and it took translators additional time to translate and transcribe it 112 robert f kennedy described the letter as very long and emotional khrushchev reiterated the basic outline that had been stated to scali earlier in the day i propose we for our part will declare that our ships bound for cuba are not carrying any armaments you will declare that the united states will not invade cuba with its troops and will not support any other forces which might intend to invade cuba then the necessity of the presence of our military specialists in cuba will disappear at 6 45 pm edt news of fomin s offer to scali was finally heard and was interpreted as a set up for the arrival of khrushchev s letter the letter was then considered official and accurate although it was later learned that fomin was almost certainly operating without official backing additional study of the letter was ordered and continued into the night 112 crisis continues direct aggression against cuba would mean nuclear war the americans speak about such aggression as if they did not know or did not want to accept this fact i have no doubt they would lose such a war che guevara october 1962 135 s 75 dvina with v 750v 1d missile nato designation sa 2 guideline on a launcher a similar installation shot down major anderson s u 2 over cuba castro on the other hand was convinced that an invasion of cuba was imminent and on 26 october he sent a telegram to khrushchev that appeared to call for a pre emptive nuclear strike on the us in case of attack in a 2010 interview castro expressed regret about his 1962 stance on first use after i ve seen what i ve seen and knowing what i know now it wasn t worth it at all 136 castro also ordered all anti aircraft weapons in cuba to fire on any us aircraft 137 previous orders had been to fire only on groups of two or more at 6 00 am edt on 27 october the cia delivered a memo reporting that three of the four missile sites at san cristobal and both sites at sagua la grande appeared to be fully operational it also noted that the cuban military continued to organise for action but was under order not to act unless attacked 138 at 9 00 am edt on 27 october radio moscow began broadcasting a message from khrushchev contrary to the letter of the night before the message offered a new trade the missiles on cuba would be removed in exchange for the removal of the jupiter missiles from italy and turkey at 10 00 am edt the executive committee met again to discuss the situation and came to the conclusion that the change in the message was because of internal debate between khrushchev and other party officials in the kremlin 139 kennedy realised that he would be in an insupportable position if this becomes khrushchev s proposal because the missiles in turkey were not militarily useful and were being removed anyway and it s gonna to any man at the united nations or any other rational man it will look like a very fair trade bundy explained why khrushchev s public acquiescence could not be considered the current threat to peace is not in turkey it is in cuba 140 mcnamara noted that another tanker the grozny was about 600 miles 970 km out and should be intercepted he also noted that they had not made the soviets aware of the blockade line and suggested relaying that information to them via u thant at the united nations 141 a lockheed u 2f the high altitude reconnaissance type shot down over cuba being refueled by a boeing kc 135 q the aircraft in 1962 was painted overall gray and carried usaf military markings and national insignia while the meeting progressed at 11 03 am edt a new message began to arrive from khrushchev the message stated in part you are disturbed over cuba you say that this disturbs you because it is ninety nine miles by sea from the coast of the united states of america but you have placed destructive missile weapons which you call offensive in italy and turkey literally next to us i therefore make this proposal we are willing to remove from cuba the means which you regard as offensive your representatives will make a declaration to the effect that the united states will remove its analogous means from turkey and after that persons entrusted by the united nations security council could inspect on the spot the fulfillment of the pledges made the executive committee continued to meet through the day throughout the crisis turkey had repeatedly stated that it would be upset if the jupiter missiles were removed italy s prime minister amintore fanfani who was also foreign minister ad interim offered to allow withdrawal of the missiles deployed in apulia as a bargaining chip he gave the message to one of his most trusted friends ettore bernabei general manager of rai tv to convey to arthur m schlesinger jr bernabei was in new york to attend an international conference on satellite tv broadcasting the engine of the lockheed u 2 shot down over cuba on display at museum of the revolution in havana on saturday october 27 usaf major rudolf anderson took off on his sixth mission over cuba in a u 2f dragon lady af serial number 56 6676 former cia article 343 the third cia u 2a modified for air to air refuelling from a forward operating location at mccoy air force base in orlando florida 142 143 a few hours into his mission at approximately 12 00 pm edt he was shot down over banes cuba by one of two soviet supplied s 75 dvina nato designation sa 2 guideline surface to air missiles that were fired at his aircraft per the order of two soviet generals soviet forces deputy commander major general leonid garbuz deputy commander of air defenses lieutenant general stepan grechko both of whom were stationed in a command center in havana 143 before giving this order they attempted to obtain authorization from their superior officer army general issa pliyev commander of all soviet forces in cuba during operation anadyr but after finding that pliyev was unreachable possibly due to illness they decided to authorize the shoot down themselves 143 the aircraft crashed and anderson was killed later that day at about 3 41 pm edt several us navy rf 8a crusader aircraft on low level photo reconnaissance missions were fired upon at 4 00 pm edt kennedy recalled members of excomm to the white house and ordered that a message should immediately be sent to u thant asking the soviets to suspend work on the missiles while negotiations were carried out during the meeting general maxwell taylor delivered the news that the u 2 had been shot down kennedy had earlier claimed he would order an attack on such sites if fired upon but he decided to not act unless another attack was made on 28 october 1962 khrushchev told his son sergei that the shooting down of anderson s u 2 was by the cuban military at the direction of raúl castro 144 145 146 147 on 27 october bobby kennedy relayed a message to the soviet ambassador that president kennedy was under pressure from the military to use force against cuba and that an irreversible chain of events could occur against his will as the president is not sure that the military will not overthrow him and seize power he therefore implored khrushchev to accept kennedy s proposed agreement 148 forty years later mcnamara said we had to send a u 2 over to gain reconnaissance information on whether the soviet missiles were becoming operational we believed that if the u 2 was shot down that the cubans didn t have capabilities to shoot it down the soviets did we believed if it was shot down it would be shot down by a soviet surface to air missile unit and that it would represent a decision by the soviets to escalate the conflict and therefore before we sent the u 2 out we agreed that if it was shot down we wouldn t meet we d simply attack it was shot down on friday fortunately we changed our mind we thought well it might have been an accident we won t attack later we learned that khrushchev had reasoned just as we did we send over the u 2 if it was shot down he reasoned we would believe it was an intentional escalation and therefore he issued orders to pliyev the soviet commander in cuba to instruct all of his batteries not to shoot down the u 2 note 1 149 daniel ellsberg said that robert kennedy rfk told him in 1964 that after the u 2 was shot down and the pilot killed he rfk told soviet ambassador dobrynin you have drawn first blood t he president had decided against advice not to respond militarily to that attack but he dobrynin should know that if another plane was shot at we would take out all the sams and anti aircraft and that would almost surely be followed by an invasion 150 drafting response this section needs more citations please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed october 2017 learn how and when to remove this message emissaries sent by both kennedy and khrushchev agreed to meet at the yenching palace chinese restaurant in the cleveland park neighbourhood of washington dc on saturday evening 27 october 151 kennedy suggested taking khrushchev s offer to trade away the missiles unknown to most members of the excomm but with the support of his brother the president robert kennedy had been meeting the soviet ambassador dobrynin in washington to d...
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