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ts if formally bound to the land as villeins in regions on the continent aristocrats and territorial magnates donated large working villas and overgrown abandoned ones to individual monks these might become the nuclei of monasteries in this way the italian villa system of late antiquity survived into the early medieval period in the form of monasteries that withstood the disruptions of the gothic war 535 554 and the lombards about 529 benedict of nursia established his influential monastery of monte cassino in the ruins of a villa at subiaco that had belonged to nero from the sixth to the eighth century gallo roman villas in the merovingian royal fisc were repeatedly donated as sites for monasteries under royal patronage in gaul saint maur des fossés and fleury abbey provide examples in germany a famous example is echternach as late as 698 willibrord established an abbey at a roman villa of echternach near trier presented to him by irmina daughter of dagobert ii king of the franks kintzheim was villa regis the villa of the king around 590 saint eligius was born in a highly placed gallo roman family at the villa of chaptelat near limoges in aquitaine now france the abbey at stavelot was founded ca 650 on the domain of a former villa near liège and the abbey of vézelay had a similar founding post roman era edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed february 2024 learn how and when to remove this message as europe s influence spread to other cultures the form and use of the villa would also spread as well 5 in post roman times a villa referred to a self sufficient usually fortified italian or gallo roman farmstead it was economically as self sufficient as a village and its inhabitants who might be legally tied to it as serfs were villeins the merovingian franks inherited the concept followed by the carolingian french but the later french term was basti or bastide villa vila or its cognates is part of many spanish and portuguese placenames like vila real and villadiego a villa vila is a town with a charter fuero or foral of lesser importance than a ciudad cidade city when it is associated with a personal name villa was probably used in the original sense of a country estate rather than a chartered town later evolution has made the hispanic distinction between villas and ciudades a purely honorific one madrid is the villa y corte the villa considered to be separate from the formerly mobile royal court but the much smaller ciudad real was declared ciudad by the spanish crown italian renaissance edit the villa di medici by giuliano da sangallo 1470 poggio a caiano tuscany modernvillaco tuscany edit further information medici villas in 14th and 15th century italy a villa once more connoted a country house like the first medici villas the villa del trebbio and that at cafaggiolo both strong fortified houses built in the 14th century in the mugello region near florence in 1450 giovanni de medici commenced on a hillside the villa medici in fiesole tuscany probably the first villa created under the instructions of leon battista alberti who theorized the features of the new idea of villa in his de re aedificatoria villa di pratolino with lower half of the gardens by giusto utens museo topografico florence these first examples of renaissance villa predate the age of lorenzo de medici who added the villa di poggio a caiano by giuliano da sangallo begun in 1470 in poggio a caiano province of prato tuscany from tuscany the idea of villa was spread again through renaissance italy and europe tuscan villa gardens edit main article italian renaissance garden the quattrocento villa gardens were treated as a fundamental and aesthetic link between a residential building and the outdoors with views over a humanized agricultural landscape at that time the only desirable aspect of nature later villas and gardens include the palazzo pitti and boboli gardens in florence and the villa di pratolino in vaglia rome edit rome had more than its share of villas with easy reach of the small sixteenth century city the progenitor the first villa suburbana built since antiquity was the belvedere or palazzetto designed by antonio del pollaiuolo and built on the slope above the vatican palace the villa madama the design of which attributed to raphael and carried out by giulio romano in 1520 was one of the most influential private houses ever built elements derived from villa madama appeared in villas through the 19th century villa albani was built near the porta salaria other are the villa borghese the villa doria pamphili 1650 the villa giulia of pope julius iii 1550 designed by vignola the roman villas villa ludovisi and villa montalto were destroyed during the late nineteenth century in the wake of the real estate bubble that took place in rome after the seat of government of a united italy was established at rome the cool hills of frascati gained the villa aldobrandini 1592 the villa falconieri and the villa mondragone the villa d este near tivoli is famous for the water play in its terraced gardens the villa medici was on the edge of rome on the pincian hill when it was built in 1540 besides these designed for seasonal pleasure usually located within easy distance of a city other italian villas were remade from a rocca or castello as the family seat of power such as villa caprarola for the farnese 6 near siena in tuscany the villa cetinale was built by cardinal flavio chigi he employed carlo fontana pupil of gian lorenzo bernini to transform the villa and dramatic gardens in a roman baroque style by 1680 the villa lante garden is one of the most sublime creations of the italian villa in the landscape completed in the 17th century villa doria pamphili rome venice edit main articles palladian architecture and palladian villas of the veneto villa capra la rotonda in vicenza one of palladio s most influential designs in the later 16th century in the northeastern italian peninsula the palladian villas of the veneto designed by andrea palladio 1508 1580 were built in vicenza in the republic of venice palladio always designed his villas with reference to their setting he often unified all the farm buildings into the architecture of his extended villas while focusing on symmetry and perfect proportion 7 examples are the villa emo the villa godi the villa forni cerato the villa capra la rotonda and villa foscari the villas are grouped into an association associazione ville venete and offer touristic itineraries and accommodation possibilities villas elsewhere edit 17th century edit soon after in greenwich england following his 1613 1615 grand tour inigo jones designed and built the queen s house between 1615 and 1617 in an early palladian architecture style adaptation in another country the palladian villa style renewed its influence in different countries and eras and remained influential for over four hundred years with the neo palladian a part of the late 17th century and on renaissance revival architecture period oud wassenaar castle is a nineteenth century villa a large country residence in wassenaar the netherlands 18th and 19th centuries edit in the early 18th century the english took up the term and applied it to compact houses in the country 8 especially those accessible from london chiswick house is an example of such a party villa thanks to the revival of interest in palladio and inigo jones soon neo palladian villas dotted the valley of the river thames and english countryside marble hill house in england was conceived originally as a villa in the 18th century sense 9 in many ways the late 18th century monticello by thomas jefferson in virginia united states is a palladian revival villa other examples of the period and style are hammond harwood house in annapolis maryland and many pre american civil war or antebellum plantations such as westover plantation and many other james river plantations as well dozens of antebellum era plantations in the rest of the old south functioned as the roman latifundium villas had a later revival in the gilded age and early 20th century produced the breakers in newport rhode island filoli in woodside california and dumbarton oaks in georgetown washington d c by architects landscape architects such as richard morris hunt willis polk and beatrix farrand in the nineteenth century the term villa was extended to describe any large suburban house that was free standing in a landscaped plot of ground by the time semi detached villas were being erected at the turn of the twentieth century the term collapsed under its extension and overuse aerial view of giant villa colonies villenkolonien in dresden germany gründerzeit quarters of blasewitz incl tolkewitz and striesen gruna and johannstadt the second half of the nineteenth century saw the creation of large villenkolonien in the german speaking countries wealthy residential areas that were completely made up of large mansion houses and often built to an artfully created masterplan many large mansions for the wealthy german industrialists were built as well such as villa hügel in essen the villenkolonie of lichterfelde west in berlin was conceived after an extended trip by the architect through the south of england representative historicist mansions in germany include the heiligendamm and other resort architecture mansions at the baltic sea rose island and king s house on schachen in the bavarian alps villa dessauer in bamberg villa wahnfried in bayreuth drachenburg near bonn hammerschmidt villa in bonn the liebermann villa and britz house in berlin albrechtsberg eckberg villa stockhausen and villa san remo de in dresden villa waldberta in feldafing villa kennedy de in frankfurt jenisch house and budge palais in hamburg villa andreae de and villa rothschild de ar fr in königstein villa stuck and pacelli palais de in munich schloss klink at lake müritz villa ludwigshöhe in rhineland palatinate villa haux in stuttgart and weinberg house in waren in france the château de ferrières is an example of the italian neo renaissance style villa and in britain the mentmore towers a representative building of this style in germany is villa haas designed by ludwig hofmann in hesse 10 villa hakasalmi villa hakasalmi in helsinki built in 1834 46 represents empire era villa architecture it was the home of aurora karamzin 1808 1902 at the end of the 19th century and is now the city museum of helsinki finland 11 12 20th 21st centuries edit europe edit typical villa in graz austria see also monaco villas during the 19th and 20th century the term villa became widespread for detached mansions in europe special forms are for instance spa villas kurvillen in german and seaside villas bädervillen in german that became especially popular at the end of the 19th century the tradition established back then continued throughout the 20th century and even until today another trend was the erection of rather minimalist mansions in the bauhaus style since the 1920s that also continues until today in denmark norway and sweden villa denotes most forms of single family detached homes regardless of size and standard americas edit the villa concept lived and lives on in the haciendas of latin america and the estancias of brazil and argentina the oldest are original portuguese and spanish colonial architecture followed after independences in the americas from spain and portugal by the spanish colonial revival style with regional variations in the 20th century international style villas were designed by roberto burle marx oscar niemeyer luis barragán and other architects developing a unique euro latin synthesized aesthetic villas are particularly well represented in california and the west coast of the united states where they were originally commissioned by well travelled upper class patrons moving on from the queen anne style victorian architecture and beaux arts architecture communities such as montecito pasadena bel air beverly hills and san marino in southern california and atherton and piedmont in the san francisco bay area are a few examples of villa density the popularity of mediterranean revival architecture in its various iterations over the last century has been consistently used in that region and in florida just a few of the notable early architects were wallace neff addison mizner stanford white and george washington smith a few examples are the harold lloyd estate in beverly hills california medici scale hearst castle on the central coast of california and villa montalvo in the santa cruz mountains of saratoga california villa vizcaya in coconut grove miami american craftsman versions are the gamble house and the villas by greene and greene in pasadena california modern villas edit example of modern architecture villa in sicily italy the getty villa an adaptation of the villa of the papyri in pacific palisades los angeles modern architecture has produced some important examples of buildings known as villas villa noailles by robert mallet stevens in hyères france villa savoye by le corbusier in poissy france 13 villa mairea by alvar aalto in noormarkku finland 14 villa tugendhat by ludwig mies van der rohe in brno czech republic villa lewaro by vertner tandy in irvington new york country villa examples hollyhock house 1919 by frank lloyd wright in hollywood gropius house by walter gropius 1937 in lincoln massachusetts fallingwater by frank lloyd wright 1939 in pennsylvania u s farnsworth house by ludwig mies van der rohe in plano illinois kaufmann desert house by richard neutra 1946 in palm springs california auldbrass plantation by frank lloyd wright 1940 1951 in beaufort county south carolina palácio da alvorada by oscar niemeyer 1958 in brasília brazil getty villa in pacific palisades los angeles other edit today the term villa is often applied to vacation rental properties in the united kingdom the term is used for high quality detached homes in warm destinations particularly florida and the mediterranean the term is also used in pakistan and in some of the caribbean islands such as jamaica saint barthélemy saint martin guadeloupe british virgin islands and others it is similar for the coastal resort areas of baja california sur and mainland mexico and for hospitality industry destination resort luxury bungalows in various locations worldwide in australia villas or villa units are terms used to describe a type of townhouse complex which contains possibly smaller attached or detached houses of up to 3 4 bedrooms that were built since the early 1980s in new zealand villa refers almost exclusively to victorian and edwardian wooden weatherboard houses mainly built between 1880 and 1914 characterised by high ceilings often 3 7 m or 12 ft sash windows and a long entrance hall in south korea the term villa refers to small multi household house with 4 floors or less 15 in cambodia...
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