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her goldfield about 300 people were at work on this goldfield before the discovery of ballarat 13 july 1851 clunes victoria on 1 july 1851 victoria became a separate colony and on the same day james esmond in company with pugh burns and kelly found alluvial gold in payable quantities near donald cameron s station on creswick s creek a tributary of the loddon at clunes 34 km 21 mi north of ballarat esmond and his party found the gold after esmond had been told by george hermann bruhn of the gold that had been found in march 1850 on cameron s property at clunes and that in the vicinity were quartz reefs which were likely to bear gold 64 esmond rode into geelong with a sample of their discovery on 5 july news of the discovery was published first in the geelong advertiser on 7 july 13 and then in melbourne on 8 july gold in the pyrenees the long sought treasure is at length found victoria is a gold country and from geelong goes forth the first glad tidings of the discovery esmonds arrived in geelong on saturday with some beautiful specimens of gold in quartz and gold dust in a debris of the same species of rock the specimens have been subjected to the most rigid test by mr patterson in the presence of other competent parties and he pronounced them to be beyond any possibility of doubt pure gold 77 the particulars of the precise location with esmond s consent was published in the geelong advertiser on 22 july 1851 publication of esmond s find started the first official gold rush in victoria in that same month by 1 august between 300 and 400 diggers were encamped on the clunes goldfield but soon moved to other fields as news of other gold discoveries spread esmond was in 1854 to receive a 1 000 reward equivalent to a 183 000 in 2022 as the first actual producer of alluvial gold for the market 8 13 july 1851 bungonia and other finds new south wales the following goldfields were discovered in new south wales during july 1851 bungonia aka shoalhaven 78 hill end 79 louisa creek now hargraves near mudgee 80 81 moruya 6 82 july 1851 castlemaine victoria a view of the first small village to develop on the mount alexander goldfields at chewton then known as forest creek near castlemaine in 1852 painted by samuel thomas gill another view of the mount alexander goldfields in 1852 painted by samuel thomas gill on 20 july 1851 gold was found near present day castlemaine victoria mt alexander goldfields at specimen gully in today s castlemaine suburb of barkers creek the gold was first found by christopher thomas peters a shepherd and hut keeper on the barker s creek in the service of william barker when the gold was shown in the men s quarters peters was ridiculed for finding fool s gold and the gold was thrown away barker did not want his workmen to abandon his sheep but in august they did just that 83 john worley george robinson and robert keen also in the employ of barker as shepherds and a bullock driver immediately teamed with peters in working the deposits by panning in specimen gully which they did in relative privacy during the next month when barker sacked them and ran them off for trespass worley on behalf of the party to prevent them getting in trouble mailed a letter to the argus dated 1 september 1851 announcing this new goldfield with the precise location of their workings this letter was published on 8 september 1851 84 with this obscure notice rendered still more so by the journalist as western port were ushered to the world the inexhaustible treasures of mount alexander 13 also to become known as the forest creek diggings within a month there were about 8 000 diggers working the alluvial beds of the creeks near the present day town of castlemaine and particularly forest creek which runs through the suburb today known as chewton where the first small township was established by the end of the year there were about 25 000 on the field 85 86 august 1851 buninyong victoria on 8 august 1851 an auriferous deposit of gold was found 3 kilometres west of buninyong victoria near ballarat the gold was discovered in a gully in the buninyong ranges by a resident of buninyong thomas hiscock 87 hiscock communicated the find with its precise locality to the editor of the geelong advertiser on 10 august in that same month prospectors began moving from the clunes to the buninyong diggings hiscock was in 1854 to receive 1 000 equivalent to a 183 000 in 2022 reward from the victorian gold discovery committee as the substantial discoverer of the gold deposits of superior value in the ballarat area 8 13 august 1851 ballarat victoria on 21 august 1851 gold was found at ballarat victoria in poverty point by john dunlop and james regan 88 ballarat is about 10 km 6 2 mi from buninyong and upon the same range 13 john dunlop and james regan found their first few ounces of gold while panning in the canadian creek 89 after leaving the buninyong diggings to extend their search for gold 13 however henry frencham a newspaperman who in june had claimed unsuccessfully the 200 equivalent to a 34 000 in 2022 reward for finding payable gold within 200 miles 320 km of melbourne had followed them and noticed their work as a result they only had the rich ballarat goldfield to themselves for a week 88 by early september 1851 what became known as the ballarat gold rush had begun 9 11 12 as reported from the field by henry frencham then a reporter for the argus 10 henry frencham claimed in his article of 19 september 1851 to have been the first to discover gold at ballarat then also known as yuille s diggings and make it known to the public 10 a claim he was later to also make about bendigo and which resulted in the sitting of a select committee of the victorian legislative assembly in 1890 90 in the report of the committee on the claims to original discovery of the goldfields of victoria published in the argus newspaper of 28 march 1854 however a different picture of the discovery of gold at golden point at ballarat is presented they stated that regan and dunlop were one of two parties working at the same time on opposite sides of the ranges forming golden point the other contenders for the first finders of gold at ballarat being described as mr brown and his party 13 the committee stated that where so many rich deposits were discovered almost simultaneously within a radius of little more than 800 m 0 5 mi it is difficult to decide to whom is due the actual commencement of the ballarat diggings they also agreed that the prospectors had been attracted there ballarat by the discoveries in the neighbourhood of messrs esmonds clunes and hiscock buninyong and by attracting great numbers of diggers to the neighbourhood that the discovery of ballarat was but a natural consequence of the discovery of buninyong 13 in 1858 the welcome nugget weighing 2 217 troy ounces 16 pennyweight 68 98 kg was found at bakery hill at ballarat by a group of 22 cornish miners working at the mine of the red hill mining company 91 september 1851 bendigo victoria it has been claimed that gold was first found at bendigo victoria in september 1851 sketch map of the bendigo goldfield by shepherd william sandbach depicting claims and camp sites mining at old bendigo victoria australia 1857 by george rowe the four sets of serious contenders for the first finders of gold on what became the bendigo goldfield are in no particular order stewart gibson and frederick fenton stewart gibson was one of the two brothers who owned leased the mount alexander north run in 1851 and frederick fenton was the then manager overseer and later owner fenton claimed that he and his brother in law stewart gibson had been together when in they found gold in a water hole near the junction of bendigo creek with what later became known as golden gully in september 1851 just before shearing commenced but they decided at the time to keep it quiet one or more of the shepherds living in the hut named the bendigo hut on the mount alexander north run near the junction of bendigo creek with what later became known as golden gully a hut that was within yards of the rocks these were james graham alias ben hall benjamin bannister and hut keeper christian asquith and or a sydney born cook shepherd who visited them at the hut named william johnson these men were mentioned in the evidence of many witnesses at the 1890 select committee one or more of mrs margaret kennedy mrs farrell and or margaret kennedy s 9 year old son from her first marriage john drane and one or both of the husbands of the two women named above john happy jack kennedy was shepherd overseer of the mount alexander run who had a hut named after him on the bullock creek at what is today known as lockwood south and patrick peter farrell was a self employed cooper working on the mount alexander run during the shearing season farrell gave evidence to the 1890 select committee that he had been the first to find gold and kennedy made similar claims during his lifetime which were published in his obituary in 1883 92 93 94 according to the bendigo historical society it has today contrary to the findings of the select committee of 1890 become generally agreed 95 or acknowledged 96 that gold was found at bendigo creek by two married women from the mount alexander north run later renamed the ravenswood run margaret kennedy and mrs farrell a monument to this effect was erected by the city of greater bendigo beside the bendigo creek golden square on 28 september 2001 as part of a commemoration of 150 years of gold in bendigo note 2 this acknowledgement is not shared by contemporaneous historians such as robert coupe who wrote in his book australia s gold rushes first published in 2000 that there are several accounts of the first finds in the bendigo area 97 also as stated by local bendigo historian rita hull for decades many historians note 3 have made the bold statement that margaret kennedy and her friend julia farrell note 4 were the first to find gold at bendigo creek but on what grounds do they make this statement 99 note 5 in september 1890 a select committee of the victorian legislative assembly began sitting to decide who was the first to discover gold at bendigo they stated that there were 12 claimants who had made submissions to being the first to find gold at bendigo this included mrs margaret kennedy but not mrs farrell plus the journalist henry frencham 100 who claimed to have discovered gold at bendigo creek in november 1851 frencham had previously also claimed to have been the first to have discovered gold at warrandyte in june 1851 when he unsuccessfully claimed the 200 equivalent to a 34 000 in 2022 reward for finding payable gold within 200 miles 320 km of melbourne 74 75 and then he also claimed to be the first to have discovered gold at ballarat then also known as yuille s diggings and make it known to the public in september 1851 10 according to a select committee of the victorian parliament the name of the first discoverer of gold on the bendigo goldfield is unknown the select committee inquiring into this matter in september and october 1890 examined many witnesses but was unable to decide between the various claimants they were however able to decide that the first gold on the bendigo goldfields was found in 1851 at the rocks area of bendigo creek at golden square which is near where today s maple street crosses the bendigo creek as the date of september 1851 or soon after and place at or near the rocks on bendigo creek were also mentioned in relation to three other sets of serious contenders for the first finders of gold on what became the bendigo goldfields all associated with the mount alexander north run later renamed the ravenswood run 101 they reasoned that many others have also claimed to have been the first to have found gold at bendigo creek mrs farrell is never documented to have made this claim margaret kennedy also claimed to have found gold without the help of mrs farrell whilst accompanied by her 9 year old son john drane both their husbands john happy jack kennedy and patrick peter farrell are also documented to have claimed to have been the first to have found gold and were also seen at various times with the two women at the bendigo creek by witnesses 101 92 when margaret kennedy gave evidence before the select committee in september 1890 she claimed to alone have found gold near the rocks in early september 1851 she claimed that she had taken her 9 year old son john drane note 6 with her to search for gold near the rocks after her husband had told her that he had seen gravel there that might bear gold and that she was joined by her husband in the evenings she also gave evidence that after finding gold she engaged 102 mrs farrell and went back with her to pan for more gold at the same spot and it was while there that they were seen by a mr frencham he said in november she confirmed that they had been panning for gold also called washing with a milk dish and had been using a quart pot and a stocking as storage vessels 101 93 in the evidence that margaret kennedy gave before the select committee in september 1890 margaret kennedy claimed that she and mrs farrell had been secretly panning for gold before henry frencham arrived evidence that was substantiated by others the select committee found that henry frencham s claim to be the discoverer of gold at bendigo has not been sustained but could not make a decision as to whom of the other at least 12 claimants had been first as it would be most difficult if not impossible to decide that question now at this distance of time from the eventful discovery of gold at bendigo 103 they concluded that there was no doubt that mrs kennedy and mrs farrell had obtained gold before henry frencham arrived on the bendigo creek but that frencham was the first to report the discovery of payable gold at bendigo to the commissioner at forest creek castlemaine an event frencham dated to 28 november 1851 101 a date which was according to frencham s own contemporaneous writings after a number of diggers had already begun prospecting on the bendigo goldfield 14 28 november 1851 was the date on which frencham had a letter delivered to chief commissioner wright at forest creek castlemaine asking for police protection at bendigo creek a request that officially disclosed the new gold field protection was granted and the assistant commissioner of crown lands for the gold districts of buninyong and mt alexander captain robert wintle home arrived with three black troopers native police to set up camp at bendigo creek on 8 december 104 in the end the select committee also decided that the first place at which gold was discovered on bendigo was at what is now known as golden square called by the station hands in 1851 the rocks a point about 200 metres yards to the west of the junction of golden gully with the bendigo creek 90 93 105 106 the straight line distance is nearer to 650 yards 590 metres in october 1893 alfre...
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