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responsible, 231, 230, 227, 226, 225
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nly british crown made entirely out of platinum 117 and was modelled on queen mary s crown but has four half arches instead of eight 119 the crown is decorated with about 2 800 diamonds with the koh i noor in the middle of the front cross it also contains a replica of the 22 5 carat 5 g lahore diamond given to queen victoria by the east india company in 1851 120 and a 17 3 carat 3 g diamond given to her by abdülmecid i sultan of the ottoman empire in 1856 119 the crown was laid on top of the queen mother s coffin in 2002 during her lying in state and funeral 121 the crowns of queen alexandra and queen mary feature crystal replicas of the koh i noor which has been the subject of repeated controversy with governments of both india and pakistan claiming to be the diamond s rightful owners and demanding its return ever since gaining independence from the uk queen camilla was crowned using queen mary s crown at her coronation with charles iii on 6 may 2023 88 alterations included re setting the crown with the original cullinan diamonds and reducing the number of half arches from eight to four the cullinan v brooch replaced the koh i noor and a new purple velvet cap was also fitted into the crown 122 123 it was officially renamed queen camilla s crown in january 2025 124 prince of wales coronets edit coronet of frederick prince of wales a relatively modest gold coronet was made in 1728 for frederick prince of wales the eldest son of george ii it takes the form laid down in a royal warrant issued by charles ii in 1677 125 which states the son heir apparent of the crown for the time being shall use bear his coronett composed of crosses flowers de lizs with one arch in the midst a ball cross 126 the single arch denotes inferiority to the monarch while showing that the prince outranks other royal children whose coronets have no arches 127 frederick never wore his coronet instead it was placed on a cushion in front of him when he first took his seat in the house of lords it was subsequently used by george iii george iv and edward vii when they were princes of wales 128 due to its age a new silver gilt coronet was made for the future george v to wear at edward vii s coronation in 1902 in contrast to the earlier coronet which has a depressed arch the arch on this one is raised 129 at george s coronation in 1911 the coronet was worn by his eldest son edward 129 who was invested as prince of wales at caernarfon castle a month later 130 the revival of this public ceremony last performed in the early 17th century was intended to boost the royal family s profile in wales princely regalia known as the honours of wales were designed for the occasion by goscombe john comprising a welsh gold circlet with pearls amethysts and engraved daffodils a rod a ring a sword and a robe with doublet and sash 131 after he became king in 1936 edward viii abdicated the same year and emigrated to france 132 where the 1902 coronet remained in his possession until his death in 1972 in its absence a new coronet had to be created in 1969 for the investiture of the future charles iii 133 which is made from gold and platinum and is set with diamonds and emeralds both it and the rod were added to the jewel house in 2020 134 joining the 1728 and 1902 coronets breaking with tradition prince william did not wear a coronet at his father s coronation in 2023 due to the general headcount reducing ban on coronets since each would have required a pageboy to carry it 135 non coronation crowns edit imperial crown of india in the jewel house there are two crowns that were never intended to be worn at a coronation when george v attended the delhi durbar in 1911 to be proclaimed but not crowned as emperor of india he wore the imperial crown of india as the british constitution forbids coronation regalia to leave the united kingdom it was not possible for him to wear st edward s crown or the imperial state crown so a new crown had to be made specially for the event it contains 6 170 diamonds 9 emeralds 4 rubies and 4 sapphires 136 the crown has not been used since 137 and is now considered a part of the crown jewels 138 queen victoria s small diamond crown is 10 cm 4 in tall and was made in 1870 using 1 187 diamonds for victoria to wear on top of her widow s cap following the death of her husband prince albert she often wore it at state openings of parliament in place of the much heavier imperial state crown after victoria s death in 1901 the crown passed to her daughter in law queen alexandra and it was subsequently worn by queen mary 139 processional objects edit a coronation begins with the procession into westminster abbey 140 swords edit left to right the sword of offering the sword of state and the sword of mercy the swords of state reflect a monarch s role as head of the british armed forces and defender of the faith 141 three are carried before the monarch into the abbey the blunt sword of mercy also known as curtana the sword of spiritual justice and the sword of temporal justice 51 all are believed to have been supplied at the time of james i between 1610 and 1620 probably by a member of the worshipful company of cutlers 142 using blades created in the 1580s by italian bladesmiths giandonato and andrea ferrara they were deposited with st edward s regalia at the abbey by charles ii before that point new swords had been made for each coronation since the 15th century 51 sold in the civil war they were returned at the restoration and their use was first recorded at the coronation of james ii in 1685 142 the two handed sword of state made in 1678 symbolises the monarch s authority and is also carried before the monarch at state openings of parliament 143 its wooden sheath made in 1689 is bound in crimson velvet decorated with silver gilt emblems of england scotland and ireland fleurs de lis and portcullises 144 the lion of england and unicorn of scotland form the cross piece to the sword s handle the sword weighs 3 6 kg 8 lb and is 1 2 m 4 ft long during a coronation it must be held for much of the service pointing upwards without touching the body by the lord president of the privy council 145 before the investiture the unwieldy sword of state is exchanged for the lighter sword of offering which is described as the one true coronation sword commissioned by george iv for his extravagant 1821 coronation its gilded leather sheath is encrusted with 1 251 diamonds 16 rubies 2 sapphires and 2 turquoises 146 the sword has a partly blued and gilt steel blade 147 and its handle is set with 2 141 diamonds 12 emeralds and 4 rubies 146 the stones are arranged to form roses thistles shamrocks oak leaves and acorns two diamond lion heads one at each end of the cross piece have ruby eyes 148 george paid more than 5 000 for the sword out of his own pocket in a radical change from the austere 2 swords used by his 18th century predecessors it remained in the royal family s personal ownership until 1903 when it was deposited with the crown jewels and has been used at every coronation since 1911 146 a monarch is girded and blessed using the sword which is returned to the keeper of the jewel house by the abbey for a token sum of 5 76 q and is borne unsheathed for the rest of the ceremony 146 the 17th century irish sword of state was held by the lord lieutenant of ireland a viceroy prior to ireland s independence from the uk in 1922 and has been displayed in the jewel house since 1959 the handle takes the form of a lion and a unicorn and is decorated with a celtic harp each new viceroy was invested with the sword at dublin castle where it usually sat across the arms of a throne representing the king or queen in their absence it was borne in procession in front of monarchs during their official visits to dublin in june 1921 the sword was present at the official opening of the parliament of northern ireland by george v the sword was displayed at dublin castle in 2018 as part of the making majesty exhibition the first time it had been to ireland in 95 years 149 st edward s staff edit st edward s staff is a 1 4 metre long 4 6 ft ceremonial gold walking stick made for charles ii in 1661 it has a plain monde and cross at the top and a steel pike at the bottom 150 this object is almost certainly a copy of the long rod mentioned in the list of royal plate and jewels destroyed in 1649 151 although the pre interregnum version was gold and silver and topped by a dove 152 the staff s intended role in the coronation has been forgotten since medieval times and so it is carried into the abbey by a peer as a holy relic and laid on the altar where it remains throughout the ceremony 153 contemporary records suggest that charles ii walked down the aisle with it in procession from the entrance of the abbey 154 trumpets edit trumpeters and a mace bearer at the english coronation of james ii the crown jewels include 16 silver trumpets dating from between 1780 and 1848 95 nine are draped with red silk damask banners embroidered with coats of arms in gold originally made for queen victoria s coronation in 1838 they have not been used since the corps of state trumpeters was disbanded as a cost cutting measure in the 19th century 155 the trumpeters main job was to sound a fanfare at key points in the coronation and they also played at the banquet afterwards in westminster hall 156 today the band of the household cavalry and the central band of the royal air force play their own trumpets at state occasions 157 158 maces edit originally lethal weapons of medieval knights maces evolved into ceremonial objects carried by sergeants at arms to represent the monarch s authority 1 in parliament the house of commons can only operate lawfully when the royal mace dating from charles ii s reign is present at the table two other maces dating from the reigns of charles ii and william iii are used by the house of lords one of which is placed on the woolsack before the house meets and is absent when a monarch is there in person delivering the king s or queen s speech 159 in the late 17th century there were 16 maces but only 13 survive 10 of which are kept at the tower of london two maces from the tower are carried in the royal procession at state openings of parliament and coronations each silver gilt mace made between 1660 and 1695 95 is around 1 5 m 5 ft long and weighs an average of 10 kg 22 lb 160 anointing objects edit when a monarch is anointed the dean of westminster first pours holy anointing oil from an ampulla into a spoon 161 ampulla edit a replica of the 1661 ampulla housed in the triforium at westminster abbey the ampulla 20 5 cm 8 in tall and weighing 660 g 1 lb 7 1 4 oz is a hollow gold vessel made in 1661 and shaped like an eagle with outspread wings its head unscrews enabling the vessel to be filled with oil which exits via a hole in the beak 162 the original ampulla was a small stone phial sometimes worn around the neck as a pendant by kings and otherwise kept inside an eagle shaped golden reliquary 163 according to 14th century legend the virgin mary appeared to thomas becket archbishop of canterbury from 1162 until 1170 and presented him with a gold eagle and some oil for anointing english kings 162 this ampulla was first recorded as being used at henry iv s coronation in 1399 and was deposited for safekeeping with st edward s regalia at the abbey by richard iii in 1483 55 known as the holy oil of st thomas the same batch was used to anoint all subsequent kings and queens except mary i until it eventually ran out in 1625 it is unclear why after the restoration the vessel itself came to be reinterpreted as an eagle standing on a domed base 163 in terms of religious importance the anointing objects are second only to st edward s crown 164 and in 2013 the ampulla stood beside the crown on the altar of westminster abbey at a service marking the 60th anniversary of elizabeth ii s coronation 165 coronation spoon edit the 27 centimetre long 10 1 2 in coronation spoon which dates from the late 12th century is silver gilt and set with four pearls added in the 17th century a ridge divides the bowl in half creating grooves into which the archbishop of canterbury dips two fingers and anoints the monarch as supreme governor of the church of england originally it may have been used for mixing water and wine in a chalice the spoon is first known to have been used to anoint a monarch at the english coronation of james i in 1603 166 it is the oldest surviving piece of the crown jewels and the only surviving english royal goldsmith s work from the 1100s first recorded in the royal collection in 1349 as a spoon of ancient form and was probably made for henry ii or richard i 167 in 1649 the spoon was sold for 16 shillings to clement kynnersley yeoman of the removing wardrobe who returned it to charles ii upon the restoration of the monarchy 168 the silver gilt coronation spoon robes and ornaments edit the anointing is followed by investing with coronations robes and ornaments r robes edit queen victoria wearing her coronation robes 1838 all the robes have priestly connotations and their form has changed little since the middle ages a tradition of wearing st edward s robes came to an end in 1547 after the english reformation but was revived in 1603 by james i to emphasise his belief in the divine nature of kingship 169 as well as robes a monarch also wore cloth of gold buskins or sandals depending on his or her foot size 170 these holy relics were destroyed along with royal crowns and ornaments in the civil war new robes were made for each monarch starting with charles ii a practice that ended in 1911 when george v reused the 1902 supertunica a dalmatic and the imperial mantle a cope fashioned for george iv in 1821 169 s they were also worn by his successors george vi elizabeth ii and charles iii together the gold robes weigh approximately 10 kg 22 lb 172 a new stole royal was made in 2023 for charles iii by the royal school of needlework taking inspiration from the 1953 stole of his predecessor elizabeth ii it is adorned with emblems of the four countries of the united kingdom a dove representing the holy spirit a tudor style crown and a pattern based on the cosmati pavement in westminster abbey 173 spurs edit prick spurs remade for charles ii are presented to the monarch they are made of solid gold richly embossed with floral patterns and scrolls and have crimson velvet straps embroidered in gold both necks terminate in a tudor rose with a spike at its centre also known as st george s spurs they are emblems of knighthood and chivalry and denote the sovereign s role as head of the armed forces gold spurs are first known to have been used in 1189 at the coronation of richard i though it is likely they were introduced for henry the young king in 1170 and this element of the service was probably inspired by the initiation ceremony of knights a pair of mid 14th century spurs were added to st edward s regalia at the abbey in 1399...
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