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et is the great power generation per weight while fuel cells can be expensive for remote locations that require dependable energy fuel cells hold great power 182 other applications edit providing power for base stations or cell sites 186 187 emergency power systems are a type of fuel cell system which may include lighting generators and other apparatus to provide backup resources in a crisis or when regular systems fail they find uses in a wide variety of settings from residential homes to hospitals scientific laboratories data centers 188 telecommunication 189 equipment and modern naval ships an uninterrupted power supply ups provides emergency power and depending on the topology provide line regulation as well to connected equipment by supplying power from a separate source when utility power is not available unlike a standby generator it can provide instant protection from a momentary power interruption smartphones laptops and tablets for use in locations where ac charging may not be readily available portable charging docks for small electronics e g a belt clip that charges a cell phone or pda small heating appliances 190 food preservation achieved by exhausting the oxygen and automatically maintaining oxygen exhaustion in a shipping container containing for example fresh fish 191 sensors including in breathalyzers where the amount of voltage generated by a fuel cell is used to determine the concentration of fuel alcohol in the sample 192 fueling stations edit main articles hydrogen station and hydrogen highway hydrogen fueling station according to fuelcellsworks an industry group at the end of 2019 330 hydrogen refueling stations were open to the public worldwide 193 as of june 2020 there were 178 publicly available hydrogen stations in operation in asia 194 114 of these were in japan 194 there were at least 177 stations in europe and about half of these were in germany 195 196 there were 44 publicly accessible stations in the us 42 of which were located in california 197 a hydrogen fueling station costs between 1 million and 4 million to build 198 social implications edit as of 2023 technological barriers to fuel cell adoption remain 199 fuel cells are primarily for material handling in warehouses distribution centers and manufacturing facilities 200 they are projected to be useful as an alternative to fossil fuels in a range applications 201 202 but applications have not often reached lower income communities 203 though some attempts at inclusivity have been made for example in accessibility 204 markets and economics edit main articles hydrogen economy and methanol economy this section needs to be updated please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information july 2025 in 2012 fuel cell industry revenues exceeded 1 billion market value worldwide with asian pacific countries shipping more than 3 4 of the fuel cell systems worldwide 205 there were 140 000 fuel cell stacks shipped globally in 2010 up from 11 000 shipments in 2007 and from 2011 to 2012 worldwide fuel cell shipments had an annual growth rate of 85 206 tanaka kikinzoku expanded its manufacturing facilities in 2011 207 approximately 50 of fuel cell shipments in 2010 were stationary fuel cells up from about a third in 2009 and the four dominant producers in the fuel cell industry were the united states germany japan and south korea 208 the department of energy solid state energy conversion alliance found that as of january 2011 stationary fuel cells generated power at approximately 724 to 775 per kilowatt installed 209 in 2011 bloom energy a major fuel cell supplier said that its fuel cells generated power at 9 11 cents per kilowatt hour including the price of fuel maintenance and hardware 210 211 in 2016 samsung decided to drop fuel cell related business projects as the outlook of the market isn t good 212 research and development edit 2013 british firm acal energy developed a fuel cell that it said could run for 10 000 hours in simulated driving conditions 213 it asserted that the cost of fuel cell construction can be reduced to 40 kw roughly 9 000 for 300 hp 214 2014 researchers in imperial college london developed a new method for regeneration of hydrogen sulfide contaminated pefcs 215 they recovered 95 100 of the original performance of a hydrogen sulfide contaminated pefc they were successful in rejuvenating a so 2 contaminated pefc too 216 this regeneration method is applicable to multiple cell stacks 217 2019 u s army research laboratory researchers developed a two part in situ hydrogen generation fuel cell one for hydrogen generation and the other for electric power generation through an internal hydrogen air power plant 218 2022 researchers from university of delaware developed a hydrogen powered fuel cell projected to function at lower costs and operate at roughly 1 4 kw this design removes carbon dioxide from the air feed of hydroxide exchange membrane fuel cells 219 2024 kaist researchers developed a method to create a protonic fuel cell relying on laminating slurries in a tape casting then sintering the laminated structure the three different slurries were created by using resonant acoustic mixing ram before deposition 220 see also edit electronics portal energy portal renewable energy portal chemistry portal cars portal spaceflight portal trains portal bio nano generator cryptophane fuel cell development information center fuel cells and hydrogen joint technology initiative grid energy storage hydrogen reformer hydrogen storage hydrogen technologies list of fuel cell manufacturers methanol reformer pem electrolysis references edit saikia kaustav kakati biraj kumar boro bibha verma anil 2018 current advances and applications of fuel cell technologies recent advancements in biofuels and bioenergy utilization singapore springer pp 303 337 doi 10 1007 978 981 13 1307 3_13 isbn 978 981 13 1307 3 khurmi r s 2014 material science s chand company isbn 978 81 219 0146 8 winter 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