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2k1 mars wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 history toggle history subsection 1 1 background 2 references toggle the table of contents 2k1 mars 6 languages deutsch español עברית 日本語 polski русский edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia artillery rocket system 2k1 mars type artillery rocket system place of origin soviet union specifications maximum firing range 18 km 11 mi engine 3r1 guidance system ballistic the mars russian марс lit mars nato reporting name frog 2 grau index 2k1 2к1 was a soviet solid fuel tactical missile system with a range of 7 to 18 km the chief designer was n p mazur weight of launcher 15 tons based on pt 76 tank rocket engine 3r1 missile diameter 1 75 m guidance by launcher maximum speed of launcher 35 km h history edit background edit at 3 meters long between 0 7 and 1 5 meters in diameter and weighing 4 5 tons the earliest nuclear weapons were so large and heavy that they could only be carried by strategic bombers such as the united states boeing b 29 superfortress convair b 36 peacemaker and the soviet tupolev tu 4 1 however use of these aircraft in the 1950s for nuclear strikes on forward positions of enemy troops in a theatre of military operations was impractical 2 by the mid 1950s nuclear weapons development led to increases in their power and technical characteristics while reducing their diameters and masses and therefore creating the possibility of using them in a variety of delivery vehicles in particular tactical strike aircraft became suitable carriers but their application depended on factors including time of day weather conditions and the intensity of enemy air defenses 3 additionally the response time of tactical strike aircraft was very large under these circumstances it became desirable to provide army units with their own means of delivering nuclear warheads in the 1950s these means included traditional artillery pieces recoil less rifles and unguided tactical missiles work was carried out on all three of these options in the united states and after some delay in the soviet union too the available nuclear weapons technology did not allow the creation of sufficiently compact ammunition so artillery solutions including the american 280 mm t131 gun and soviet 406 mm sm 54 2a3 rifled gun and 420 mm sm 58 2b1 smoothbore mortar became too heavy and clumsy the 2a3 weighed 55 tonnes the t131 weighed 75 5 tonnes these pieces could not be towed over bridges could not navigate urban and rural streets and required a lot of time to prepare for firing in both the us and the ussr the alternative to these too heavy artillery shells was unguided tactical rockets as carriers of nuclear weapons the main advantages were inertial guidance systems of the 1950s and 60s at ranges of around 30 km could achieve accuracies of only around 500 1000 m cep comparable with the accuracy of unguided rockets the use of radio guidance was undesirable because it made the rocket vulnerable to interference additionally it required the establishment of a guidance post on the ground or in the air active homing systems for marine and air targets had not yet been developed in the early 1950s let alone systems designed for ground targets references edit knaack marcelle size 1978 encyclopedia of us air force aircraft and missile systems volume 1 post world war ii fighters 1945 1973 washington dc office of air force history doi 10 21236 ada057002 secret understandings on the use of nuclear weapons 1950 1974 nsarchive2 gwu edu retrieved 2020 01 22 green william c 2019 07 11 theater and tactical nuclear weapons policy soviet nuclear weapons policy routledge pp 195 243 doi 10 4324 9780429307065 5 isbn 978 0 429 30706 5 s2cid 199089245 retrieved 2020 01 22 v t e soviet and russian armoured fighting vehicles after world war ii tanks t 10 pt 76 t 54 t 55 t 62 t 64 t 72 t 80 t 90 t 14 armata armoured personnel carriers tracked btr 50 mt lb btr d gt mu pts kurganets 25 wheeled btr 40 btr 60 btr 70 btr 80 btr 90 bpm 97 btr 152 btr bumerang btr krymsk sba 60k2 bulat infantry fighting vehicles bmp 1 bmp 2 bmp 3 bmd 1 bmd 2 bmd 3 bmd 4 btr t bmpt t 15 armata kurganets 25 armored cars brdm 1 brdm 2 gaz 46 gaz tigr gaz vodnik vpk 3927 volk t 98 kombat typhoon armoured trains yenisei volga amur baikal v t e russian and former soviet military designation sequences for radar missile and rocket systems radar systems land based a 100 p 3 p 8 p 10 p 12 p 14 p 15 p 18 p 19 p 20 p 30 p 35 p 37 p 40 p 50 p 70 p 80 p 100 kabina 66 kasta 2e rsn 225 azov snr 75 1s91 30n6 36d6 64n6 76n6 96l6e 9s15 9s19 9s32 duga dnestr dnepr daryal dunay volga don 2n voronezh container ship borne airborne n001 n002 n005 n006 n007 n008 n010 n011 n012 n014 n019 n025 n035 n036 missiles icbm bzhrk gr 1 r 7 r 9 r 16 r 26 r 36 r 36m r 46 rs 24 rs 26 rt 2 rt 2pm rt 2pm2 rt 20 rt 21 rt 23 rs 28 sarmat ur 100 ur 100mr ur 100n ur 200 irbm r 14 rsd 10 oreshnik mrbm r 5 r 12 rt 15 srbm 2k1 2k6 9k52 9k720 r 1 r 2 r 11 r 11a r 17 otr 21 otr 23 tr 1 slbm r 13 r 15 r 21 r 27 r 29 r 31 r 39 r 30 surface to surface cruise burya rss 40 3m 51 alfa 3m 54 kalibr 9m730 burevestnik surface to surface naval p 1 p 5 p 15 p 70 p 120 p 270 p 500 p 700 p 750 p 800 p 900 p 900a p 1000 rkv 500a rpk 2 rpk 6 rpk 7 urpk 3 urpk 4 urpk 5 surface to air 2k11 krug 2k12 kub 2k22 tunguska kashtan ciws 9k31 strela 1 9k32 strela 2 9k33 osa 9k34 strela 3 9k38 igla 9k338 igla s 9k333 verba 9k35 strela 10 9k37 buk 9k330 tor pantsir s1 42s6 morfey s 25 berkut s 75 dvina s 125 neva pechora s 200 angara vega dubna s 300 s 350 50r6 vityaz s 400 triumf s 500 55r6m triumfator m m 11 shtorm sosna r air to surface ksr 2 ksr 5 ks 1 k 10s kh 11 kh 15 kh 20 kh 22 kh 23 kh 25 kh 26 kh 28 kh 29 kh 31 kh 35 kh 38 kh 41 kh 55 kh 58 kh 59 kh 80 kh 90 kh 101 9m114v shturm v hermes a kh 47m2 kinzhal air to air k 5 r 3 r 4 r 8 r 23 r 27 r 33 r 37 r 38 r 40 r 60 r 73 r 77 r 172 anti tank 3m6 9k111 9k112 9k114 9k115 9k115 2 9k121 9m14 9m15 9m17 9m113 9m117 9m119 9m120 9m123 9m133 9m133m kornet m kornet d hermes unguided rockets air launched rp 1 rp 5 rp 6 rp 9 rp 15 rp 21 rs 82 rs 132 rocket artillery bm 14 bm 21 bm 24 bm 25 bm 27 bm 30 tos 1 tos 2 engines rd 8 rd 9 r 11 r 13 r 15 r 25 r 29 rd 33 rd 45 rd 58 rd 107 rd 117 rd 0120 rd 0124 rd 0146 rd 170 rd 180 rd 191 rd 500 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title 2k1_mars oldid 1359990402 categories rocket artillery cold war weapons of the soviet union unguided nuclear rockets of the soviet union military vehicles introduced in the 1950s hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles containing russian language text this page was last edited on 18 june 2026 at 14 55 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents 2k1 mars 6 languages add topic
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