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ish columbia and alaskan coast in the area is moderated by the north pacific current with heavy rainfall and relatively mild temperatures throughout the year the islands are home to the taan forest with a wide variety of large trees including the sitka spruce western red cedar yellow cedar nootka cypress shore pine western hemlock mountain hemlock western yew and red alder the flora of the queen charlotte islands 62 describes plants from the islands soils are variable peat is common in poorly drained flats and even on sloping ground in the wetter areas where drainage is good the mature soils are podzols that have classic development well defined eluvial horizon ae under canadian classification in undisturbed areas 63 a history of disturbance as from logging or windthrow sees the ae mixed with other horizons and only patchily visible 64 kiidk yaas golden spruce a naturally occurring genetic variant yellow colour sitka spruce tree was near the yakoun river the largest on graham island it was a popular tourist attraction until it was illegally cut down in 1997 as a protest against the industrial logging practices fauna edit as an island haida gwaii is home to a large number of subspecies that have evolved independently of the mainland the latin name of these subspecies are often appended carlottae this includes a type of black bear ursus americanus carlottae which is larger than its mainland cousin and the smallest subspecies of ermine the haida ermine mustela haidarum haidarum the haida gwaii pine marten known in haida as k uuxuu 65 is also larger than its mainland cousin and feeds primarily on seafood one species of bird the haida gwaii northern saw whet owl has subspecific status and may also be a species it has darker plumage than other saw whets 66 the island used to be home to dawson s caribou until their extinction from overhunting and competition from introduced black tailed deer in the early 20th century black tailed deer elk beaver muskrat two species of squirrel two species of rats and raccoon are introduced species of mammals that have become abundant imparting many ecological changes to the ecosystem rabbits briefly proliferated after the release of domesticated stock though were quickly culled by local hunters milk cows primarily shorthorn stock were introduced to the archipelago by the hudson s bay company to bolster food supplies for coal miners after the failure of this industry on haida gwaii the cows were turned loose to roam the swamps beaches and strawberry fields these cows quickly reverted to a wild state and still are a common sight on remote areas of northern graham island having blended with jersey and hereford herds released from later agricultural failures they are known to eat eelgrass 67 from the spring of 1996 until november 30 1997 a popular attraction for tourists to the islands was a male albino white raven he lived around port clements and would commonly be seen taking food handouts from locals and visitors alike he died after making contact with an electrical transformer the white raven was preserved by former port clements residents taxidermists roger britten sr and jr and is on display in the port clements historical society s museum 68 climate edit the climate is oceanic cfb except near the summit of mount moresby where the climate is subpolar oceanic cfc it is very similar to the climate of the west coast of scotland in terms of average temperatures and total year round precipitation but the latitude is lower than the west coast of scotland it is 52 39 the same as southern ireland 69 in the relatively shielded areas around tlell and sandspit annual rainfall averages from 1 200 millimetres 47 in to 1 400 millimetres 55 in 70 average monthly precipitation is markedly concentrated from october to january with december the wettest month averaging about 198 millimetres 7 8 in most of which is rain though snow is possible may through july represent a markedly drier season july the driest month averages about 46 4 millimetres 1 83 in of rain snowfall is generally moderate averaging from 10 centimetres 4 in to 70 centimetres 28 in though at northerly langara island it averages around 100 centimetres 40 in precipitation is typically extremely frequent especially from autumn to mid winter occurring on around two thirds of all days even in relatively shielded areas and direct sunlight is scarce averaging around 3 to 4 hours per day climate data for sandspit airport month jan feb mar apr may jun jul aug sep oct nov dec year record high humidex 13 9 13 5 13 5 17 9 23 2 28 5 30 9 30 3 27 4 24 5 17 9 15 0 30 9 record high c f 12 4 54 3 13 4 56 1 13 9 57 0 18 9 66 0 21 7 71 1 26 7 80 1 27 8 82 0 26 7 80 1 24 1 75 4 20 6 69 1 16 3 61 3 13 4 56 1 27 8 82 0 mean daily maximum c f 6 4 43 5 6 7 44 1 7 8 46 0 9 7 49 5 12 3 54 1 15 0 59 0 17 3 63 1 18 1 64 6 16 1 61 0 12 2 54 0 8 4 47 1 6 7 44 1 11 4 52 5 daily mean c f 4 0 39 2 4 1 39 4 4 9 40 8 6 6 43 9 9 4 48 9 12 2 54 0 14 5 58 1 15 2 59 4 13 2 55 8 9 4 48 9 5 7 42 3 4 2 39 6 8 6 47 5 mean daily minimum c f 1 6 34 9 1 5 34 7 1 9 35 4 3 4 38 1 6 4 43 5 9 3 48 7 11 6 52 9 12 2 54 0 10 2 50 4 6 6 43 9 3 0 37 4 1 7 35 1 5 8 42 4 record low c f 13 9 7 0 12 3 9 9 12 2 10 0 5 1 22 8 1 1 30 0 2 2 36 0 5 0 41 0 1 9 35 4 0 6 30 9 3 1 26 4 15 5 4 1 12 8 9 0 15 5 4 1 record low wind chill 22 9 24 1 22 9 10 8 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 7 26 0 20 8 26 0 average precipitation mm inches 190 7 7 51 130 8 5 15 116 8 4 60 97 7 3 85 66 4 2 61 51 7 2 04 48 1 1 89 62 2 2 45 83 5 3 29 169 5 6 67 193 8 7 63 196 2 7 72 1 407 5 55 41 average rainfall mm inches 178 4 7 02 120 8 4 76 112 0 4 41 96 6 3 80 66 4 2 61 51 7 2 04 48 2 1 90 62 3 2 45 83 5 3 29 169 5 6 67 191 8 7 55 190 0 7 48 1 371 2 53 98 average snowfall cm inches 12 7 5 0 9 9 3 9 5 2 2 0 1 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 1 2 6 0 2 4 37 9 14 9 average precipitation days 0 2 mm 23 3 19 2 21 5 19 9 17 7 15 8 14 9 14 8 17 3 22 8 24 0 23 8 234 9 average rainy days 0 2 mm 21 8 17 8 20 9 19 8 17 7 15 8 14 9 14 9 17 3 22 8 23 3 22 7 229 7 average snowy days 0 2 cm 3 6 2 8 2 2 0 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 5 2 0 13 0 average relative humidity 84 4 80 1 77 1 76 4 76 0 77 1 76 1 76 1 76 3 78 5 81 6 84 6 78 7 mean monthly sunshine hours 41 9 77 2 115 9 157 7 194 0 183 8 195 9 187 7 137 9 98 0 58 4 44 8 1 493 1 percentage possible sunshine 16 6 28 0 31 6 37 7 39 5 36 3 38 5 41 0 36 1 29 8 22 3 18 9 31 4 source 1981 to 2010 canadian climate normals 70 geology edit see also 2012 haida gwaii earthquake and 1949 queen charlotte islands earthquake the islands are located along the queen charlotte fault an active transform fault that produces significant earthquakes every 3 30 years this is the result of the converging of the pacific and north american plates along the archipelago s west coast 71 72 major earthquakes have occurred in the haida gwaii in 1949 and 2012 though the region is prone to fair geological activity there is little infrastructure set up to gather accurate information to warn locals of possible threats many residents notably from first nations communities have been critical of the fact that they must rely on information coming from neighbouring american states such as washington or alaska and from the usgs united states geological survey regardless of the inconsistencies environment canada does regularly do field tests across the pacific coast of british columbia relating to this matter the cascadia subduction zone does pose some additional earthquake risks but most importantly the subduction zone poses direct tsunami risks to the coastal settlements on the western side of the islands culture edit totem pole visual arts edit main article northwest coast art the artwork known as spirit of haida gwaii by bill reid is featured on the reverse of canadian 20 bills produced between 2004 and 2011 73 it depicts a haida chief in a canoe accompanied by the mythic messengers raven frog and eagle the first casting of this sculpture spirit of haida gwaii the black canoe is on display in the atrium of the canadian embassy in washington dc the other spirit of haida gwaii the jade canoe is on display in vancouver airport haida art is also frequently seen on large monumental sized cedar totem poles and dugout canoes hand crafted gold and silver jewellery and even as cartoons in the form of haida manga repatriation of cultural belongings edit the haida have been engaged in an ongoing repatriation effort bringing belongings remains back to their ancestral homelands since the 1990s 74 much of this battle is influenced by the number of remains taken from the island due to haida remains being popular among collectors in the late 19th century 75 repatriation to the haida is more than a return of belongings remains but a shared healing and grieving process that integrates aspects of haida culture ceremony language and song repatriation refers to the return of ancestors spirits to their homelands to rest 75 in haida practices the ancestors must be cared for so much effort goes into preparing and following protocols to bring them home though there are no traditional protocols for repatriation as this was not historically necessary much work was done with elders and community members to determine culturally appropriate ways to bring home remains and belongings 76 the community decided it would be important to include the making and preparation of traditional bentwood boxes woven cedar and button blankets to wrap the ancestors 77 alongside this ceremony was held at both the museum where remains were collected and in the haida s home territory to lay the ancestors to rest 78 a noteworthy repatriation happened in the early 2000s when the haida repatriation committee supported the repatriation of about 150 remains and other belongings from the field museum in chicago 78 this was an important event in the haida nation and has left its mark on their cultural resurgence and community healing during the ceremony for this specific repatriation the community also recognized many of the babies born this year highlighting the return of ancestors and the continued generations and resiliency of the haida 78 the buxton museum and art gallery in england repatriated items in its collection to the haida people the museum returned the items as part of its initiative to return native american and first nation artefacts 79 haida language edit main article haida language the haida language was proposed for classification as part of the na dene family of languages on the basis of a few similarities with athabaskan eyak tlingit many linguists however consider the evidence insufficient and continue to regard haida as a language isolate all 50 remaining speakers of haida are over 70 years old citation needed needs update telus communications and gwaii trust recently completed a project to bring broadband internet to the island via a 150 km 93 mi microwave relay this enables interactive research to be carried out on the more than 80 cds of language story and spoken history of the people see also edit council of the haida nation dené yeniseian languages guujaaw haida gwaii on the edge of the world haida language hlk yah g̱awg̱a windy bay indigenous peoples of siberia lohafex lyell island moresby camp list of islands of british columbia the stand 2024 film references edit bc population estimates projections bcstats shinyapps io retrieved 6 december 2022 1 2 3 4 5 haida gwaii bc geographical names government of british columbia b c geographical names office bcgno 1 2 ship x̱aayda kil glossary pdf sd50 bc ca skidegate haida immersion program march 2011 archived from the original pdf on 10 june 2012 retrieved 19 february 2018 1 2 3 4 5 welcome to haida gwaii haida gwaii is not only where we are this is who we are haida gwaii observer 2018 p 3 archived from the original on 2019 06 04 retrieved 2019 06 04 haida nation her majesty the queen in her right of the province of british columbia autumn 2015 amending agreement of the kunst aa guu kunst aayah reconciliation protocol pdf coastalfirstnations ca archived pdf from the original on 21 february 2018 retrieved 19 february 2018 legislative assembly of british columbia bill 18 2010 haida gwaii reconciliation act queen s printer archived from the original on 3 april 2012 retrieved 17 march 2011 haida gwaii reconciliation act www bclaws ca archived from the original on 2017 07 31 retrieved 2017 07 02 1 2 3 queen charlotte islands bc geographical names government of british columbia b c geographical names office bcgno history where we ve come from our history masset bc village of masset archived from the original on 20 february 2018 retrieved 19 february 2018 haida gwaii has been home to the haida since time immemorial and evidence of their habitation of the islands dates back 13 000 years history of the haida nation council of the haida nation archived from the original on 2016 05 14 retrieved 2014 08 16 today haida people make up half of the 5000 people living on the islands mandate council of the haida nation council of the haida nation 2019 archived from the original on 3 may 2019 retrieved 18 may 2019 the chn shall strive for full independence sovereignty and self sufficiency of the haida nation erwin ryan 30 june 2015 heiltsuk and haida nations finalize peace treaty global news archived from the original on 20 february 2018 retrieved 19 february 2018 1 2 cecco leyland 2024 04 15 canada hands long overdue title over more than 200 islands to haida nation the guardian issn 0261 3077 retrieved 2024 07 05 1 2 onishi norimitsu bracken amber 2024 07 04 on small islands off canada s coast a big shift in power the new york times issn 0362 4331 retrieved 2024 07 05 gwaii haanas haida gwaii haida gwaii observer 2018 p 22 1 2 arriving in haida gwaii haida gwaii haida gwaii observer 2018 p 7 getting around haida gwaii haida gwaii observer 2018 p 8 chief matthews school old massett retrieved 20 july 2024 haida gwaii higher education society webpage ww38 haidagwaiisemester com archived from the original on 2022 01 20 retrieved 2014 02 02 province plans for a new hospital on haida gwaii press release queen charlotte ministry of health british columbia 2012 04 12 retrieved 2025 10 27 loverin edzi u 2024 08 12 despite staffing incentives masset b c er closures continue cbc news retrieved 2025 10 27 haida gwaii hospital officially opens press release village of queen charlotte ministry of health british columbia 2016 11 24 retrieved 2025 10 27 south end tour haida gwaii health retrieved 2025 10 27 1 2 penikett tony december 1 2009 reconciliation first nations treaty making in british columbia d m publishers p 205 isbn 978 1 926706 29 0 trigger et al 1996 p 124 kennedy bouchard gessler 2010 file not found fichier non trouvé archived from the original on 2012 10 23 unesco world heritage centre world heritage lin no 157 pdf whc unesco org archived pdf from the original on 2016 08 09 retrieved 2019 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