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ooid wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 formation 2 variation 3 growth mode 4 growth factors 5 ooimmuration 6 references 7 references 8 external links toggle the table of contents ooid 16 languages العربية català deutsch eesti euskara فارسی français bahasa indonesia 日本語 nederlands polski português simple english svenska தமிழ் tiếng việt edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia small sedimentary grain that forms on shallow tropical seabeds this article includes a list of references related reading or external links but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations please help improve this article by introducing more precise citations june 2014 learn how and when to remove this message modern ooids from a beach on joulter cays the bahamas ooids on the surface of limestone carmel formation middle jurassic of southern utah usa a thin slice of calcitic ooids from the carmel formation middle jurassic of southern utah usa ooids ˈ oʊ ˌ ɔɪ d 1 from ancient greek ᾠόν ōión egg stone 2 are small commonly 2 mm in diameter spheroidal coated layered sedimentary grains usually composed of calcium carbonate but sometimes made up of iron or phosphate based minerals ooids usually form on the sea floor most commonly in shallow tropical seas around the bahamas for example or in the persian gulf after being buried under additional sediment these ooid grains can be cemented together to form a sedimentary rock called an oolite oolites usually consist of calcium carbonate these belong to the limestone rock family pisoids are similar to ooids but are larger than 2 mm in diameter often considerably larger as with the pisoids in the hot springs at carlsbad karlovy vary in the czech republic ooids have been the subject of scientific research for centuries 3 4 formation edit an ooid forms as a series of concentric layers around a nucleus the layers contain crystals arranged radially tangentially or randomly the nucleus can be a shell fragment quartz grain or any other small fragment most modern ooids are aragonite a polymorph of calcium carbonate some are composed of high magnesium calcite and some are bimineralic layers of calcite and aragonite ancient ooids can be calcitic either originally precipitated as calcite as in calcite seas or formed by alteration neomorphic replacement of aragonitic ooids or the aragonite layers in originally bimineralic ooids moldic ooids or molds later filled in by calcite cement occur in both young and ancient rocks indicating the removal of a soluble polymorph usually aragonite variation edit whether ooids become calcitic or aragonitic can be linked to strontium calcium substitution within the crystalline structure this has been shown in some examples to be due to temperature fluctuations in marine environments which affects salinity levels which in turn facilitate the substitution marine calcitic ooids were typically formed during calcite sea intervals especially during the ordovician and the jurassic periods the geochemistry of these seas was a function of seafloor spreading and fluctuating mg ca ratios low mg ca ratios favor the precipitation of low magnesium calcite growth mode edit ooids with radial crystals such as the aragonitic ooids in the great salt lake utah us grow by ions extending the lattices of the radial crystals the mode of growth of ooids with tangential usually minute needle like crystals is less clear they may be accumulated in a snowball fashion from tiny crystals in the sediment or water or they may crystallize in place on the ooid surface a hypothesis of growth by accretion like a snowball from the polymineralic sediment of fine aragonite high magnesium calcite hmc and low magnesium calcite lmc must explain how only aragonite needles are added to the ooid cortex both in tangential and in radial ooids the cortex is composed of many very fine increments of growth some modern and ancient ooids partially or totally lack clear layering and have a micritic very fine grained texture examination of such micritic ooids by scanning electron microscopy often shows evidence of microbial borings later filled by fine cement growth factors edit there are several factors that affect ooid growth supersaturation of the water with respect to calcium carbonate the availability of nuclei agitation of the ooids water depth and the role of microbes there is debate about the amount of organic influence in the formation and growth of ooids 5 modern ooids forming statically in situ within microbial mats have been described supporting organic influence in ooid growth 6 fossils ooimmured in ooids from the carmel formation middle jurassic of southern utah ooimmuration edit sometimes fossils are included in ooids often forming the nuclei this taphonomic process is termed ooimmuration 7 the formation of the ooid cortex around the test or shell protects it from abrasion fragmentation and bioerosion ooimmuration also retains fine organic remains that would ordinarily be winnowed away by currents 7 references edit flügel erik 2010 microfacies of carbonate rocks analysis interpretation and application 2nd ed springer pp 242 244 isbn 978 3 642 03795 5 accessed 2014 06 23 wilson m a cooke a m judge s a and palmer t j 2021 ooimmuration enhanced fossil preservation by ooids with examples from the middle jurassic of southwestern utah usa palaios 36 326 329 https doi org 10 2110 palo 2021 036 references edit definition of ooid www merriam webster com retrieved 2024 08 19 a to z of rocks minerals and gems quarto publishing group uk 2020 isbn 978 0 7112 5684 2 https www annualreviews org content journals 10 1146 annurev marine 010318 095251 https www geological digressions com the mineralogy of carbonates non skeletal grains diaz mara r eberli gregor p 2019 03 01 decoding the mechanism of formation in marine ooids a review earth science reviews 190 536 556 doi 10 1016 j earscirev 2018 12 016 issn 0012 8252 suarez gonzalez pablo reitner joachim 2021 12 01 ooids forming in situ within microbial mats kiritimati atoll central pacific palz 95 4 809 821 doi 10 1007 s12542 021 00591 6 issn 1867 6812 a b wilson mark a cooke anna m judge shelley a palmer timothy j 2021 10 31 ooimmuration enhanced fossil preservation by ooids with examples from the middle jurassic of southwestern utah usa palaios 36 10 326 329 doi 10 2110 palo 2021 036 issn 0883 1351 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to oolite the wikibook historical geology has a page on the topic of ooids and oolite ooid formation at the wayback machine archived 20 june 2013 retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title ooid oldid 1354789117 categories sedimentary rocks limestone petrology hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata articles lacking in text citations from june 2014 all articles lacking in text citations commons link is locally defined webarchive template wayback links this page was last edited on 18 may 2026 at 06 47 utc text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers 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