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description= Early medievalist s thoughts and ponderings, by Jonathan Jarrett;
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ed his death julia smith has a write up and memorial focused on the book here 13 551204 80 000572 2 comments posted in england general medieval institutions tagged cambridge david abulafia obituaries stephen baxter the academy gallery in and on an abbey posted on 7 february 2026 this gallery contains 22 photos there is more spare time in my new life than there was but somehow it keeps being taken up i haven t yet worked out where blogging fits into the new régime either i should really be able to post more continue reading 2 comments correction iii at least one is black on one side posted on 21 january 2026 8 comments i suppose it is not inappropriate that after lamenting josep maría salrach s death i return to a long stubbed post in which i put one of the books he allowed me to get for free and in whose publication he was a major part to work 1 this comes you see out of that brief patch of research leave i had back in 2022 which i spent trying to find count marquis borrell ii and his contacts in the newly available charters from the county of barcelona and it s one of the bits where that exposure to new evidence shows that unfortunately i was wrong about something it s not huge but i do like to try and keep honest about this stuff so you get the confession if you have a really long like thirteen year long memory of this blog and its record of my activity you may remember that for at least that long i have had strong oppositional views to a particular theory about place names in catalonia and potentially other places which derive from the latin word palaciolum apparently little palace for most scholars it is accepted that the term relates to centres of fiscal extraction collection or concentration where renders were collected or brought for the use of the ruling powers and that such a locus would therefore originally have been at the heart of such a place 2 we have a broken palace however and things like that so the place name doesn t always have to have derived from a going concern 3 here is one such palace that is estate centre albeit from rather later and in aragón the palacio de los hospitalarios in ambel image by ecelan own work licensed under cc by sa 4 0 v ia wikimedia commons from wikimedia commons for more details see that older post of mine the theory i don t like came out of a research group at the universitat autònoma de barcelona and it holds that the catalan examples actually derive from the presence of muslim garrisons in these places there is a philological argument for this via an arabic derivative from latin palatium balat but in al andalus that seems to have referred to public roads not estates and is very rare i never understood why the derivation from this very rare arabic derivative of the latin made more sense in a latin speaking area than y know the actual latin 4 but leave that aside for now the project claimed there are ninety odd of these place names which i believe but can t verify because they never actually published the list 5 i had a look in the indexes of the catalunya carolíngia less the barcelona volumes a long time back though and i found forty eight and now a search in the catcar database gets 132 hits for palacio some of which will be the same place plural times so 90 odd is quite plausible the project team were however remarkably light on evidence of any muslim connection and elsewhere i ve critiqued the heck out of this idea the only reason i haven t published it other than overcommitment and exhaustion is that it seems to be part of a larger argument about continuity of the fisc in catalonia which i just don t know how to finish as close as the team got to publishing a list was this distribution map of place names in palatium and palatiolum in catalonia taken from cristian folch iglesias and jordi gibert rebull arqueològia documentació escrita i toponímia en l estudi de l alta edat mitjana els casos dels topònims pharus monasteriolum i palatium in estrat crític vol 5 no 2 barcelona 2011 pp 364 377 at p 370 the critical plank of the argument about these names however is that while maybe one maybe just two have shown archæological evidence of muslim presence not easy to establish of course mostly a matter of burial rite which requires actual burial but still rather a lot of them can be associated with erstwhile roman villas 6 and just as english place names in chester seem pretty much always to refer to erstwhile roman forts in the locality i reckoned that was probably good enough for a general explanation here an ex villa looks like a small palace may also often be an estate centre or still be where renders are collected isn t that just easier than assuming an otherwise unattested massive spread of muslim fortifications where they sometimes buried people we re somewhere in this neck of the woods the long built up stretch vertically down the middle is modern day palou which is where our document says the land is and that s really as close as we can get all its boundaries are identified by neighbours not more durable map features so it was in here somewhere nonetheless an absolute blanket statement like that was always likely to be wrong with so many examples and even one muslim rite burial in play the autonoma project team mentioned that several of the palau place names were associated with arabic personal names and i just forgot about that plank of the argument till i found myself looking at one a land sale between two people quite unconnected to borrell ii but dealing in land in the county of barcelona in vallès in the term of torre d azar which they call palou 7 now i m not an arabist or even a hispanist but i would say z is almost never used in latin or romance names there s no latin frankish or gothic name i know which would easily degenerate into azar except maybe nazarius and the missing n is a real problem there and while i don t know of an obvious arabic or berber one either i m fully prepared to accept that that s what this is 8 and obviously it is a fortification in fact i wonder if finding this document in the barcelona cathedral edition where it was first published is even what gave the autonoma team leader the whole brilliant idea 9 be that as it may i have to concede the point wherefore the reference of the title to an old old academic joke maybe you know the one it supposedly originates with a mathematician called ian stewart and goes like this a mathematician a physicist and an astronomer are riding a train through scotland the astronomer looks out the window sees a black sheep in the middle of a field and exclaims how interesting scottish sheep are black the physicist looks out the window and corrects the astronomer well at least some scottish sheep are black the mathematician looks out the window too and corrects the physicist in scotland there exists at least one field where one sheep is black on at least one side 10 likewise at least one of these sites would appear actually to have been a tower owned by someone with a name favoured by those of islamic belief rather than christian of course the name doesn t make him muslim his owning a tower doesn t make it a garrison and whatever the truths there are it s also still possible that the tower was put on the site of a roman villa that was already being called palaciolo but that case is no more and arguably less supported from this document than the muslim garrison one so if i ever do want to publish this i have to at least admit the possibility the actual document arxiu capitular de barcelona pergamin 1 3 30 hotlinked from the catcar site which i hope is ok you can t give direct links to that database but you could find it in the documents by choosing volume 7 in the drop down and entering 616 in the search box still this is not a total loss even if it messes with a pet theory and it s nothing to do with borrell ii s people because it s also a very interesting charter diplomatically speaking in the first place apparently it s a palimpsest that is to say it s written over an earlier erased document i have to take the editors word for that because even in the quite nice facsimile of it reproduced above from the catcar database i can see no sign of the remnant first line of the older document by someone called sunyer which the editors could see up the left hand edge presumably under the archive stamp 11 but if that isn t enough to entertain you it s also one of those charters we shouldn t have because it s actually marked up on the dorse as useless with a note from someone in the barcelona cathedral archive reading nothing for the chapter 12 why it didn t then get thrown out is anyone s guess good old preservation by neglect presumably or perhaps the question was just one of whether it needed to be included in some other list or inventory but whatever it was we might be quite lucky still to have it so i will probably wind up using this document to prove some things anyway in due course but for now it stands against me well never mind this is how we learn and hopefully you have learned a little along with me on this occasion 1 ignasi j baiges i jardí and pere puig i ustrell edd catalunya carolíngia volum vii el comtat de barcelona barcelona 2019 3 vols 2 it s picked up in pierre bonnassie la catalogne du milieu du x e à la fin du xi e siècle croissance et mutations d une société publications de l université de toulouse le mirail sèrie a 23 29 toulouse 1975 1976 2 vols as most things are at pp 144 153 of vol i for palacios further west my standard reference is josé ángel garcía de cortázar and esther peña bocos el palatium símbolo y centro de poder en los reinos de navarra y castilla en los siglos x a xii in mayurqa vol 22 palma de mallorca 1989 pp 281 296 online here 3 palofret near terrassa on which see joan soler i jiménez and vicenç ruiz i gómez els palaus de terrassa estudi de la presencia musulmana al terme de terrassa a través de la toponímia in terme vol 15 terrassa 1999 pp 37 51 online here though i don t as you will see follow them all the way to their conclusions 4 i think the first statement of this case was actually in bonnassie s festschrift in ramón martí palaus o almúnies fiscals a catalunya i al andalus in hélène débax ed les sociétés méridionales à l âge féodal l espagne italie et sud de france x e xiiie s hommage à pierre bonnassie méridiennes 8 toulouse 1999 pp 63 69 5 i have the numbers from cristian folch iglesias and jordi gibert rebull arqueològia documentació escrita i toponímia en l estudi de l alta edat mitjana els casos dels topònims pharus monasteriolum i palatium estrat crític vol 5 no 2 barcelona 2011 pp 364 377 but even then it s not actually stated there i had to count it off their distribution map p 370 fig 3 included below 6 although the team have written quite a few versions of this i think all the basic information you need to support this is in the two pieces i ve cited above my older post references some of the other papers at folch and gibert arqueològia documentació escrita i toponímia p 371 they do refer to a survey which surveyed eight sites and found roman remains at none but early medieval remains at one some or all they don t specify ceramics of the eighth and ninth centuries not that those are easy to date and my previous investigation found at least one which was definitively a new foundation as well so that certainly has to be allowed for what none of that is however is evidence for islamic foundation 7 baiges jardí catalunya carolíngia vii doc no 616 et est in komitatu barkinonense in vallense in terminio de turrem de azar que vocant palaciolo 8 for the basics of personal naming in the area see josep moran i ocerinjauregui l antroponímia catalana l any mil in imma ollich i castanyer ed actes del congrés internacional gerbert d orlhac i el seu temps catalunya i europa a la fi del 1r mil leni vic 1999 pp 515 525 9 it was available to them as àngel fàbrega i grau ed diplomatari de la catedral de barcelona documents dels anys 844 1260 volum i documents dels anys 844 1000 fonts documentals 1 barcelona 1995 doc no 106 10 a reddit that i found says they found it in simon singh fermat s last theorem london 1997 citing ian stewart concepts of modern mathematics 2nd ed new york city ny 1981 where indeed it is on p 286 apparently far from the only mention of sheep in the book in fact his version is classier than mine 11 baiges jardi catalunya carolíngia vii doc no 616 n 3 in nomine domini ego suniarius they have better eyes than me or possibly an ultra violet lamp i can t give you my normal page reference though because for reasons i should probably explain next post i m currently not with my books i m therefore using the catcar database online here but that doesn t permit direct hyperlinking you have to go in through the plataforma virtual and search sorry 12 ibid editorial commentary al dors saeculi x s xvii i nil pro capitulo s xvii with the same regrets about citation as in the previous note the classic one of these for english scholars is the so called fonthill letter which i talked about in this even older blogpost and which is still in the christ church canterbury archive despite at some point in its history being graded inutile useless in a similar exercise 52 685440 2 486093 8 comments posted in catalonia charters currently reading islamic crescent now working on tagged diplomatic islamic conquest palaces place names ramon martí villas a post for josep maría salrach posted on 29 december 2025 13 comments this is very old news now partly because i didn t hear it when it was new but also because i m afraid i left it until i d got some of my own news out of the way as the subject wasn t going to mind the delay because yes alas this is another post of passing one of the great contributors to my field is no more the late josep maría salrach if you read this blog and also read my footnotes then you ve heard of josep maría salrach i marès who was professor emeritus of history at the universitat pompeu fabrà where he had been professor since 1993 but if you read my blog and don t read my notes you might have missed his name and otherwise while his name would probably be familiar to anyone who studies catalan history if you re not one of those i d be surprised if you d heard of him i did a little bit to try to change that in 2014 when i reviewed one of his books in english but even then i had to make the case that it would be worthwhile people trying to read it in catalan because as far as i know he never wrote in any non iberian language maybe some french but nothing further north east than that for sure and one might say that since he was first and foremost a historian of early medieval catalonia no matter how important he was did he need to write in any other languages his readership could meet him on his own ground now let s be clear as a historian of early medieval catalonia he was pretty important i still cite a little pair of books he published in 1978 el procés de ...
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