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quarter, 009, 29761, coble, parks, web, edu, 戦時旬報, 第11号, 自昭和12年11月11日至昭和12年11月18日, 第6師団司令部, 松江附近戦闘詳報, 第7号, 自昭和12年11月8日至昭和12年11月13日, 國崎支隊, 郭汝棟電蔣中正第四十三軍此次松江戰役擔任防務暨偵察情形, kefu, jiang, 1987, 中华书局, 民国军事史略稿, 陸軍十八師出征滬西攜帶械彈器材等項及大場戰役損失與現有數量比較表, 陸軍十六師人馬械彈傷亡損耗俘獲簡報表, 各部傷亡登記表等, 00107, 顧祝同電蔣中正據報二十六師接替大場北沿滬太公路黃家宅等一帶陣地及抗日與損失情況等並請速撥補該師及該軍長自請處分請予免議, 087, 吳克仁電蔣中正六十七軍姚馬渡大城等戰役傷亡官兵數量並計戰鬥兵餘五千幹部傷亡三分之二輕重機槍遭破壞現在臨漳附近收容等情, 342, 蔡勁軍電錢大鈞查張旅長奉命入租界撤退後住址未明並已請俞鴻鈞辦理收容軍警團隊另請示可否俟市府統籌職局事務後再入京報告, 487, higashinakano, shudo, kobayashi, susumu, fukunaga, shainjiro, soshisha, analyzing, photographic, evidence, nankin, jiken, shokoshashin, kenshosuru, 凤凰出版社, 449, 抗日战争正面战场, 宋希濂電蔣中正錢宗澤撥補之三十四師兩團經日機砲轟後官長已逃亡淨盡另請補充三十六師兵員, firm, isolation, hardship, 堅守孤壘苦鬥四日八百壮士遵命撤退, 海軍省教育局, 235, 227, 10月27日, clodfelter, micheal, mcfarland, 392, 1492, alamo, 第6章, 戦闘の成績, 附表其1, 第13師団死傷表他, 陸軍十三師淞滬抗日十月份現有人員及傷亡並擬請補充統計表, 00056, 葉肇電陳誠敵以空砲向我一五九師洪團防守之馬家宅陣地猛烈轟擊陣地全毀隨即以步兵突入後經該團預備隊猛烈反攻遂將該敵擊退雙方傷亡甚重, 077, 薛岳電蔣中正等二十八日十一師與日軍交戰兩日成功阻止日軍另日軍進攻五十七師孟家宅該線未動及譚邃洪團受日機砲轟等, 薛岳電陳誠十一師與敵激戰兩日於二十八日撤至鐘家橋趙家柵之線五十三師依預定計畫調整戰線轉移於張仙廟謝家宅等, 089, 葉肇電陳誠一五九師附教導旅一部及工兵營即以一團接替新三宅老陸宅間防禦陣地主力任石崗門第二塘第二層陣地工事之增強等, 034, 葉肇電蔣中正突擊旅為九五六團二營等部抽編形成而黃團與唐橋頭日軍激戰有多員傷亡已奉命撤回原陣地等, 099, 葉肇電蔣中正一三, 師陣地受日軍攻擊多處通訊中斷稍後日敵轉移砲擊新三宅廣福之線另已奉編突擊隊等, 094, 陣中日誌, 自昭和12年10月1日至昭和12年10月31日, 歩兵第19連隊第1大隊, 193, 蔣中正電錢大鈞請楊虎代送朱耀華醫費三千元並代慰病情, 00007, 007, 何應欽電陳誠上海我軍右翼陣地撤至蘇州河南岸後扼守北站任掩護之謝團受敵包圍激戰目前情況不明津浦正面敵我仍在陡駭河對峙等, zheng, selected, 广西抗日战争史料选编, 第3卷, 广西军队和驻桂军队的对日作战, 廖磊電蔣中正等自十五日至二十三日二十一集團軍第四十八軍第七軍在陳家行談家頭至張家樓一帶抗日因犧牲過大後由三十三師等繼續抗日等
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treat of the right wing force after the japanese landing at jinshanwei the soldiers of the left wing force also began its withdrawal to the wufu line 76 185 186 japanese landings at jinshanwei edit japanese soldiers land in the jinshanwei harbor near hangzhou japanese rear guard units landing supplies in jinshanwei as early as october 12 1937 the japanese chiefs of staff had already formulated plans to force a landing in jinshanwei 金山衛 a town located on the northern bank of hangzhou bay south of the shanghai region the jinshanwei landings would facilitate a northward push into shanghai to complement the landings in northeastern towns such as the ones around baoshan between late august and mid september which brought about a southward push chiang kai shek was aware of the japanese plan to encircle his army in shanghai from the north and the south and had already ordered his commanders to take precautions of the possible japanese landings at jinshanwei however the impending fall of dachang in late october forced chiang to redeploy the chinese divisions originally stationed along the northern coast of hangzhou bay as a result the lack of chinese defenses allowed the japanese 10th army composed of units diverted from the battle of taiyuan in the north china theater to land easily in jinshanwei on november 5 1937 as the position was defended by only two companies of the 63rd division 76 179 jinshanwei was only forty kilometers away from the banks of suzhou river where the chinese troops had just retreated from the fall of dachang road to nanjing edit decision to take nanjing edit this section does not cite any sources please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed october 2018 learn how and when to remove this message in october the sef was reinforced by the japanese 10th army commanded by lieutenant general heisuke yanagawa on 7 november japanese central china area army ccaa was organized by combining the sef and the 10th army with matsui appointed as its commander in chief concurrently with that of the sef after winning the battles around shanghai the sef suggested the imperial general headquarters in tokyo to attack nanking the ccaa was rearranged and lieutenant general prince asaka yasuhiko an uncle of emperor hirohito was appointed as the commander of the sef while matsui stayed as the commander of ccaa overseeing both the sef and the 10th army the real nature of matsui s authority is however difficult to establish as he was confronted with a member of the imperial family directly appointed by the emperor in anticipation of the attack on nanking matsui issued orders to his armies that read nanjing is the capital of china and the capture thereof is an international affair therefore careful study should be made so as to exhibit the honor and glory of japan and augment the trust of the chinese people and that the battle in the vicinity of shanghai is aimed at the subjugation of the chinese army therefore protect and patronize chinese officials and people as far as possible the army should always bear in mind not to involve foreign residents and armies in trouble and maintain close liaison with foreign authorities in order to avoid misunderstandings on december 2 emperor showa nominated one of his uncles prince asaka as commander of the invasion it is difficult to establish if as a member of the imperial family asaka had a superior status to general iwane matsui who was officially the commander in chief but it is clear that as the top ranking officer he had authority over division commanders lieutenant generals kesago nakajima and heisuke yanagawa japanese advance toward nanjing edit after securing control of shanghai the japanese army began its advance towards nanjing on november 11 1937 approaching the city from different directions iwane matsui riding into nanjing on december 17 1937 the japanese advance to nanjing can be characterized as a forced march almost all units covered the distance of almost 400 kilometers in about a month assuming that capture of the chinese capital would be the decisive turning point in the war there was an eagerness to be among the first to claim the honor of victory 131 the japanese army was engaged by chinese soldiers on a number of occasions on the way to nanjing as a general rule they were heavily outnumbered as the japanese came closer to nanjing the fighting grew in both frequency and severity 131 chinese retreat from shanghai edit japanese landings at jinshanwei meant that the chinese army had to retire from the shanghai front and attempt a breakout however chiang kai shek still placed some hope that the nine power treaty would result in a sanction against japan by western powers it was not until november 8 that the chinese central command issued a general retreat to withdraw from the entire shanghai front a regiment of the 55th division alongside the shanghai police force and peace preservation corps were ordered to defend nanshi after three days of fighting the remaining more than 3 000 policemen soldiers and peace preservation troops retreated to the french concession on november 11 and were interned 41 188 132 the 67th army and 43rd army were ordered to hold songjiang for 3 days to cover the retreat of the rest of the army 76 181 all other chinese units were ordered to move toward western towns such as kunshan and then from there enter the final defense lines to stop the japanese from reaching nanjing by then the chinese army was utterly exhausted and with a severe shortage of ammunition and supplies the defense was faltering in songjiang the 67th army and 43rd army had already been exhausted from previous battles and had not fully recovered their losses the 67th army of the northeastern army was originally deployed in the north china front to fight in the beiping hankou railway operation and the tianjin pukou railway operation from september 10 until october 10 1937 the 67th army suffered casualties exceeding 6 000 and the two divisions under the army had just over 5 000 combat soldiers left 133 due to deteriorating situation in the shanghai battlefield the 67th army was ordered to move south and only reached songjiang at the night of november 6 76 180 the 20th army and 43rd army of the sichuan army arrived in the shanghai battlefield alongside the 21st group army of the guangxi army on october 14 the 43rd army consisting of only the 26th division fought north of dachang from october 17 until october 23 by the time the unit handed over its defense position to the 18th division and withdrew to qingpu for rest there were only just over a hundred combat soldiers left 134 in early november the 43rd army was ordered to defend songjiang with the 67th army seven companies under battalion commander liu zhangnan 劉長柟 was put under the command of the 107th division on november 8 1937 the japanese 6th division left behind the kunizaki task force attached to the division to attack songjiang while the division rushed towards qingpu by the 10th songjiang had fallen with the casualties of the 67th army reaching seventy to eighty percent 135 army commander wu keren 吳克仁 chief of staff of the army wu tonggang 吳桐崗 chief of staff of the 107th division deng yuzhou 鄧玉琢 brigade commanders zhu zhirong 朱之榮 and liu qiwen 劉啟文 and 3 regimental commanders were killed in action 136 most of the seven companies of the 43rd army were lost in songjiang with the army taking in only more than 300 survivors by december 17 137 the kunizaki task force claimed to have killed about 2 000 soldiers of the 107th and 108th divisions in songjiang and captured 5 286 while suffering 24 killed and 103 wounded the task force marched east and attacked beiqiao town 北橋鎮 claiming to have killed at least 2 000 soldiers and captured 733 from the 45th separate brigade and possibly remnants of the 67th and 43rd armies that managed to break out of songjiang note 3 while suffering only 6 killed and 11 wounded 138 ikuhiko hata believed that since what happened to the pows after their capture is unknown many of the prisoners might have been killed 139 on november 9 1937 japanese planes bombed the retreating right wing force all day long causing heavy casualties the bombings cause damages on the bridges over the suzhou river and divisions compete to cross the river first on november 11 the japanese 6th division engaged in fierce fighting with the 51st and 58th divisions of the chinese 74th army at qingpu the commander of the 147th brigade of the 58th division wu jiguang 吳繼光 was killed in action on november 12 the 74th army retreated to kunshan the 51st division having suffered more than 2 800 casualties 41 191 192 in the battles of songjiang and qingpu the 6th division and the kunizaki task force suffered 121 killed and 377 wounded 140 kunshan was lost in only two days and the remaining troops began moving toward the wufu line fortifications on november 13 the chinese army was fighting with the last of its strength and the frontline was on the verge of collapse in the chaos that ensued many chinese units were broken up and lost contact with their communications officers who had the maps and layouts to the fortifications in addition once they arrived at wufu line the chinese troops discovered that some of the civilian officials were not there to receive them as they had already fled and had taken the keys with them the battered chinese troops who had just emerged from the bloodbath in shanghai and were hoping to enter the defense lines found that they were not able to utilize these fortifications citation needed the wufu line was penetrated on november 19 1937 and the chinese troops then moved toward xicheng line which they were forced to give up on november 26 in the midst of the onslaught the chinese hindenburg line which the government had spent millions to construct and was the final line of defense between shanghai and nanjing collapsed in only two weeks the battle of shanghai was over however fighting continued without a pause on the road to china s capital and the ensuing combat immediately led into the battle of nanjing by early december japanese troops had reached the outskirts of nanking 141 after its success in the battle of shanghai japan did not immediately occupy the shanghai international settlement or the shanghai french concession areas which were outside of china s control due to the treaty port system 142 11 12 japan moved into these areas after its 1941 declaration of war against the united states and the united kingdom 142 12 it seized most of the banks in these areas of shanghai and declared that the nationalist currency fabi had to be exchanged for bank notes of the wang jingwei regime 142 15 casualties edit the battle saw both sides suffer an enormous amount of casualties especially the chinese forces who had inferior armaments as compared to the japanese a chinese historian at the time stated that it was the bloodiest battle since verdun 48 there are differing estimates and reports of the number of casualties each side suffered chinese treating casualties from japanese gas attacks chinese soldiers killed in downtown shanghai according to historians peter harmsen rana mitter and richard frank china suffered 187 200 killed and wounded defending the city per an official chinese report on november 5 143 144 145 contemporary japanese estimates for chinese military casualties were roughly 250 000 including some 67 000 killed 143 146 frank dorn an american military officer stationed in china at the time put total chinese casualties for the entire shanghai campaign including the retreat at 240 000 casualties of which 130 000 were suffered before october 20 147 hsi sheng chi stated that china suffered some 300 000 casualties during the battle 148 the ministry of military affairs counted 229 382 casualties from august 13 until november 15 as many units of the sichuan and guangxi armies had not yet reported their losses total casualties were estimated at 300 000 6 the high chinese casualties were due to a combination of factors including tactical reliance on costly frontal assaults japanese superiorities in airpower and naval artillery poor medical services and the near fanatical resistance of chinese defenders who were willing to fight to the death on numerous occasions 149 the japanese claimed their casualties in the shanghai campaign amounted to 9 115 killed and 31 257 injured 150 historian peter harmsen notes that this figure is possibly understated as iwane matsui had recorded in his diary that his forces had sustained over 18 000 deaths to combat and disease in the shanghai nanjing campaign 151 historian richard frank agrees and states the official japanese figures fail to convey the extent of their losses sustained during the campaign especially the four most heavily engaged divisions such as the 9th division which suffered a 94 casualty rate 145 according to official japanese military records compiled by ikuhiko hata the five divisions most involved in combat 3rd 9th 11th 13th 101st suffered 42 202 casualties including 11 072 killed in action although this number doesn t include losses from the special naval landing forces or any of the divisions deployed in october 152 the army ministry recorded the casualties of the 9th division in the battle of shanghai and battle of nanjing at 4 357 killed including deaths from wounds and 9 690 wounded of which 12 000 casualties or 3 833 killed and 8 527 wounded occurred in the battle of shanghai near guangfu and the suzhou river from october 2 until november 7 153 154 155 156 a japanese casualty is evacuated during fighting at the suzhou creek chinese wartime records indicate that the japanese suffered over 60 000 casualties in the three months of combat around shanghai 157 jonathan fenby provides a similar number claiming the japanese suffered some 70 000 casualties in the battle 158 benjamin lai provides higher figures estimating the japanese suffered a total of 93 000 to 99 000 casualties including 17 000 combat deaths plus about 1 800 illness induced deaths making a total of almost 19 000 deaths with another 35 000 40 000 wounded and 40 000 sick while the chinese suffered 270 700 casualties including 187 200 killed and 83 500 wounded for a combined total of 363 700 to 369 700 casualties 159 according to research done by james paulose the japanese suffered 92 640 casualties and the chinese suffered over 333 500 casualties based on the memoir of he yingqin 160 for a combined total of at least 426 140 casualties 30 atrocities edit numerous atrocities were committed during the shanghai campaign especially by the japanese forces captured chinese soldiers on august 23 1937 the seal on the left placed by the japanese censorship bureau reads not permitted there is a dead prisoner in the lower right hand corner japanese troops rarely took prisoners if ever captives including civilians accused of spying were...
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