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tin thomas 5 june 2010 the story of joseph the indian a historical appraisal of the affairs of st thomas christians in the pre portuguese period nasranis wilmshurst 2000 pp 20 347 398 406 407 baum winkler 2003 pp 106 111 frykenberg 2008 pp 122 124 frykenberg 2008 pp 125 127 frykenberg 2008 pp 127 128 frykenberg 2008 pp 130 134 neill 2004 pp 208 210 medlycott 1912 takahashi 2011 neill 2004 pp 208 214 vadakkekara 2007 p 78 prasad 2009 p 484 tracing the heritage of syrian christians the hindu 21 february 2011 van der ploeg 1983 p page needed prasad 2009 p 484 frykenberg 2008 p 136 takahashi 2011 1 2 frykenberg 2008 p 367 1 2 neill 2004 pp 316 317 1 2 neill 2004 p 319 census of india 1961 kerala office of the registrar general 1965 p 111 there are various versions about the wording of swearing one version being that it was directed against the portuguese another that it was directed against jesuits yet another that it was directed against the authority of church of rome neill 2004 p 319 which to this day all members of the independent malankara church of kerala regard as the moment at which their church recovered its independence and returned to its own true nature 1 2 3 neill 2004 p 320 frykenberg 2008 p 368 archdeacon thomas having been elevated to high metran by the laying on of hands by twelve cattanars took the title of mar thoma i neill 2004 pp 320 321 frykenberg 2008 p 361 at the beginning most remained with the old archdeacon who after his elevation at koonen cross to the position of metran took the title mar thoma i and added such ancient titles as metran of all india gate of india mundadan thekkedath 1982 pp 96 100 neill 2004 p 323 frykenberg 2008 p 361 the dutch permitted old party catholics to be placed under the guidance of the carmelites and allowed them to keep mar alexander parampil aka alexander de campos as vicar apostolate he soon also designated himself as metran of all india and gate of india 1 2 menachery 1973 1982 1998 1 2 podipara 1970 1 2 brown 1956 1 2 tisserant 1957 mundadan thekkedath 1982 p page needed 28 142 143 144 145 146 vadakkekara 2007 p 84 frykenberg 2008 p 361 fernando gispert sauch 2004 p 79 chaput 1999 pp 7 8 perczel 2013 p 425 vadakkekara 2007 p 84 1 2 the quarterly journal of the mythic society vol 3 mythic society 1911 p 141 this incident marks an epoch in the history of the syrian church and led to a separation of the community into parties namely the pazhayakuru the romo syrians who adhered to the church of rome according to the synod at diamper and the puttankuru the jacobite syrians who after the oath of the coonan cross got mar gregory from antioch acknowledged the spiritual supremacy thereof the former owed its foundation to the archbishop menezes and the synod at diamper in 1599 and its reconciliation after the revolt to the carmelite bishop father joseph of st mary whom the pope appointed in 1659 neill stephen 1970 the story of the christian church in india and pakistan christian literature society p 36 at the end of a period of twenty years it was found that about two thirds of the people had remained within the roman allegiance one third stood by the archdeacon and had organized themselves as the independent malankara church faithful to the old eastern traditions and hostile to all the roman claims mackenzie gordon thomson 1901 christianity in travancore travancore government press p 28 isbn 9781230341651 cite book isbn date incompatibility help amaladass 1993 pp 14 15 frykenberg 2008 p 249 vadakkekara 2007 p 88 perczel 2013 p 417 1 2 3 4 brock 2011d medlycott 1912 koonammakkal 2013 pp 266 267 276 thalian 1961 archbishop simon dominicus catholic hierarchy brown 1956 pp 115 117 mooken 1977 pp 50 51 mooken 1983 pp 25 26 neill 2002 pp 62 65 perczel 2013 pp 428 431 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 fenwick 2011a 1 2 perczel 2013 p 427 and note 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 malekandathil 2013 neill 2002 p 67 neill 2002 pp 68 69 neill 2004 pp 67 68 perczel 2013 pp 431 432 mathew n m 2006 history of the marthoma church in malayalam vol 1 pp 205 207 kochumon m p saintly bishops of kattumangat in malayalam pp 42 44 varghese kassessa k c history of malabar independent syrian church in malayalam p 45 fenwick john 2009 the forgotten bishops nj georgias press pp 200 246 142 143 144 145 168 169 170 171 burgess michael 2005 the eastern orthodox churches mcfarland p 175 isbn 0 7864 2145 2 bayly 2004 pp 281 286 george joseph the life and times of a kerala christian nationalist orient blackswan 2003 pp 33 39 isbn 81 250 2495 6 neill 2004 p 241 cherian dr c v orthodox christianity in india academic publishers college road kottayam 2003 p 254 262 1 2 bayly 2004 p 300 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 varghese 2011 missionaries led state to renaissance pinarayi the hindu 13 november 2016 kerala to celebrate cms mission church mission society 9 november 2016 a history of the church of england in india by eyre chatterton 1924 anglicanhistory org 1 2 church of south india csi keralawindow net archbishop thomas rokuss catholic hierarchy martina giacomo 1986 pio ix 1851 1866 pontificia università gregoriana pp 372 374 isbn 8876525432 wilmshurst 2000 p 34 bishop jean élie mellus catholic hierarchy church of the east india wilmshurst 2000 p 75 mooken 1987 mooken 1975 p 11 26 perczel 2013 p 435 436 vadakkekara 2007 p 103 1 2 3 4 varghese a p india history religion vision and contribution to the world atlantic publishers 2008 isbn 978 81 269 0903 2 pp 376 378 m p varkey pulikkottil joseph mar dionysious ii metropolitan of jacobite faction of malankara church malayalam malayala manorama 1901 cheriyan c v orthodox christianity in india academic publishers college road kottayam 2003 p 294 mathew n m 2007 history of the marthoma church in malayalam vol ii p 125 kiraz george a 2011b ʿabdulmasīḥ ii gorgias encyclopedic dictionary of the syriac heritage electronic edition 1 2 3 kiraz 2011a k mani rajan 2017 holy fathers of the syrian orient entombed in kerala pdf jsc publications pp 111 116 a history of eastern christianity taylor francis pp 372 374 vadakkekara 2007 p 94 96 cherian dr c v orthodox christianity in india academic publishers college road kottayam 2003 p 354 chediath geevarghese 2012 the malankara catholic church pdf vadavathoor oirsi publications pp 201 226 isbn 978 81 88456 91 8 rev thomas p t rev p c zachariah it happened in the mar thoma church 1961 thomas k t rev t n koshy faith on trial ernakulam 1965 valayil c john 22 february 2018 transnational religious organization and practice a contextual analysis of kerala pentecostal churches in kuwait brill pp 96 108 isbn 978 90 04 36101 0 1 2 john stanley 10 december 2020 the rise of new generation churches in kerala christianity brill pp 271 291 doi 10 1163 9789004444867_014 isbn 9789004444867 s2cid 234532613 kumar p pratap ed december 2019 nidan international journal for indian studies nidan journal for the study of hinduism 4 2 7 18 issn 2414 8636 karkkainen veli matti 26 august 2009 the spirit in the world emerging pentecostal theologies in global contexts wm b eerdmans publishing pp 72 87 isbn 978 0 8028 6281 5 thomas christians later developments encyclopedia britannica 13 june 2024 anderson allan 13 may 2004 an introduction to pentecostalism global charismatic christianity cambridge university press pp 124 127 isbn 978 0 521 53280 8 samuel joy t 2018 chapter 1 a brief history of pentecostal and neocharismatic movements in kerala india the pneumatic experiences of the indian neocharismatics university of birmingham brown candy gunther 24 february 2011 global pentecostal and charismatic healing oxford university press p 334 isbn 978 0 19 979306 8 turner bryan s salemink oscar eds 2015 routledge handbook of religions in asia routledge p 90 isbn 978 1 317 63646 5 1 2 3 thomas johnson nossiter communism in kerala a study in political adaptation university of california press 1982 pp 78 82 isbn 0 520 04667 6 gupta om 15 april 2006 encyclopaedia of india pakistan and bangladesh gyan publishing house isbn 978 81 8205 389 2 retrieved 15 june 2026 via google books 1 2 3 4 devika varghese 2010 p page needed jeffrey robin march 1976 temple entry movement in travancore social scientist 4 8 11 12 archived from the original on 3 june 2012 recreating an unsung hero the hindu 14 november 2015 devika varghese 2010 pp 19 20 donald eugene smith et al south asian politics and religion princeton university press 1966 p 190 george mathew communal road to a secular kerala concept publishing company 1989 isbn 81 7022 282 6 pp 91 103 p r saraswati 2007 the impact of indian christianity on indian society christianity in india through the centuries pdf authentic books pp 205 252 isbn 9788173627866 archived from the original pdf on 11 july 2012 history of legislative bodies in kerala keralaassembly org retrieved 16 june 2012 reflections on finance education and society motilal banarsidass publication 1972 p 114 isbn 9788120830752 kerala socio economic survey 1968 thomas johnson nossiter 1982 communism in kerala a study in political adaptation university of california press pp 155 156 isbn 978 0 520 04667 2 amaladass 1993 p 16 1 2 pallan m 2018 ethnocultural transformation of social identity syrian christians in kerala chapter 2 and 6 grin verlag isbn 9783668858749 ross israel j 1979 ritual and music in south india syrian christian liturgical music in kerala pp 80 98 vol 11 no 1 doi 10 2307 833968 prasad 2009 pp 484 487 1 2 3 4 prasad 2009 pp 482 483 collins 2007 p 142 ananthakrishna iyer 1926 pp 205 219 bayly 2004 pp 246 247 pothan 1963 p 58 1 2 vadakkekara 2007 p 325 330 amaladass 1993 pp 15 19 census of india 1961 india office of the registrar general p 290 bayly 2004 p 273 bayly 2004 pp 274 279 bayly 2004 pp 310 315 palackal joseph j 2005 syriac chant traditions in south india phd ethnomusicology thesis city university of new york palackal 2016 palackal joseph j 2020 shafiq abouzayd ed the survival story of the sound sentiments and melodies of the aramaic chants in india pdf aram periodical aram society 287 292 palm sunday kuruthola perunnal maundy thursday pesaha good friday dukha velli and easter among saint thomas christians of india nsc network 25 march 2007 updated 12 october 2014 retrieved 16 june 2012 weil s 1982 symmetry between christians and jews in india the cananite christians and cochin jews in kerala in contributions to indian sociology 16 syro malabar catechesis archived from the original on 9 july 2021 retrieved 8 july 2021 1 2 syrian christians in india worldmark encyclopedia of cultures and daily 6 september 2010 archived from the original on 10 may 2013 via highbeam research cite encyclopedia check date values in year date mismatch help cross cultural head coverings pdf university of illinois urbana champaign 2020 p 3 archived pdf from the original on 23 august 2024 retrieved 9 march 2024 many christian women in india still cover their heads with a veil scarf shawl or the end of a sari during religious services turek przemysław 5 november 2011 syriac heritage of the saint thomas christians language and liturgical tradition saint thomas christians origins language and liturgy orientalia christiana cracoviensia 3 115 130 doi 10 15633 ochc 1038 issn 2081 1330 eashoa msheekhah aramaic jesus the messiah english or the christ greek v a com archived from the original on 31 august 2015 retrieved 6 september 2015 kurian jake seven times a day i praise you the shehimo prayers diocese of south west america of the malankara orthodox syrian church retrieved 2 august 2020 varghese pathikulangara 2004 mar thomma margam a new catechism for the saint thomas christians of india denha services isbn 81 904135 0 3 oclc 255155413 rowena robinson christians of india p 106 isbn 0 7619 9822 5 1 2 anthropologica vol 46 2004 canadian anthropology society p 258 inculturation of the east syrian liturgy of marriage by the st thomas christians in india syromalabarchurch in archived from the original on 12 december 2017 retrieved 12 december 2017 naṣrānī encyclopaedia of islam first edition 1913 1936 24 april 2012 doi 10 1163 2214 871x_ei1_dum_0652 collins 2007 p 120 singh holly donahue november 2020 privileged minorities syrian christianity gender and minority rights in postcolonial india sonja thomas seattle university of washington press 2018 224 pp american ethnologist 47 4 475 476 doi 10 1111 amet 12982 issn 0094 0496 s2cid 229510798 grysa bartłomiej 7 november 2011 the cultural heritage of the knanaya christians orientalia christiana cracoviensia 3 43 53 doi 10 15633 ochc 1022 issn 2081 1330 swiderski 1988 p page needed anthropologica vol 46 2004 canadian anthropology society p 262 vachanapetty www vachanapetty in retrieved 31 august 2026 malekandathil 2010 pp 48 50 mateer samuel 1871 the land of charity a descriptive account of travancore and its people london j snow co pp 241 243 bradshaw paul f 2003 the new westminster dictionary of liturgy and worship westminster john knox p 160 isbn 0 664 22655 8 1 2 collins 2007 p 119 1 2 antony martin thomas 14 june 2020 saint thomas cross a religio cultural symbol of saint thomas christians nsc network retrieved 14 july 2020 dr geo thadikkatt liturgical identity of the mar toma nazrani church devika varghese 2010 p 11 1 2 a kumar social reforms in modern india p 180 sarup and sons 2001 isbn 81 7625 227 1 kunniparampil curien zachariah et al dynamics of migration in kerala dimensions differentials and consequences pp 85 89 orient blackswan 2003 isbn 81 250 2504 9 syrian christians are in a class of their own the hindu 31 august 2001 archived from the original on 28 july 2011 kerala govt employs 5 45 lakh staff from 238 communities ezhavas hold highest number obcs occupy 52 onmanorama com retrieved 3 july 2024 ലേഖകൻ സ്വന്തം 3 july 2024 community wise statistics of government employees in the assembly manoramanews retrieved 3 july 2024 1 2 zachariah 2006 p page needed zachariah 2006 p 3 landy thomas m 21 february 2014 syrian and latin rite catholic churches side by side in kerala mcfarland center for religion ethics and culture retrieved 5 october 2025 world christianity south asia wvi 1980 p 53 isbn 978 0 912552 33 0 1 2 forrester duncan 1980 caste and christianity curzon press pp 98 102 isbn 9780700701292 ananthakrishna iyer 1926 pp 55 56 vadakkekara 2007 pp 325 330 geddes michael the history of the church of malabar together with the synod of diamper 1599 pp 394 395 published in 1694 wcc general secretary to address largest christian gathering in asia retrieved 5 march 2015 metropolitan opens 95th central travancore orthodox christian meet the hindu thg publishing pvt ltd 29 january 2012 retrieved 22 january 2024 orthodox convention begins new indian express 15 may 2012 retrieved 22 january 2024 metropolitan opens kallooppara orthodox christian meet the hindu thg publishing pvt ltd 2 february 2015 retrieved 22 january 2024 st mary s orthodox church kallooppara thirunnal convention pdf kerala tourism retrieved 22 january 2024 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