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not produce many young and the young can take decades to mature 88 the scalloped hammerhead is classified as endangered the oceanic whitetip shark has declined by 99 in the gulf of mexico 88 the devil fish a large ray is threatened the porbeagle shark is threatened in parts of the world the scalloped hammerhead shark has declined by 99 since the late 1970s its status on the red list is that it is globally endangered meaning it is near extinction 88 see also edit deep sea deep sea fish freshwater fish nekton ocean tracking network oily fish pacific ocean shelf tracking project tagging of pacific predators references edit notes 1 2 3 4 5 lal brij v fortune kate 2000 the pacific islands an encyclopedia university of hawaii press p 8 isbn 978 0 8248 2265 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 moyle and cech p 585 mclintock a h ed 1966 pelagic te ara the encyclopaedia of new zealand accessed 29 sep 2022 walrond carl oceanic fish archived 18 october 2008 at the wayback machine encyclopedia of new zealand accessed 29 sep 2022 lake tanganyika pcwww liv ac uk 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 moyle and cech p 571 1 2 herring peter 2002 the biology of the deep ocean oxford university press pp 192 95 isbn 978 0 19 854956 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 moyle and cech p 572 blackburn 1965 oceanography and the ecology of tunas oceanography and marine biology an annual review 3 299 322 hunter jr mitchell ct 1966 association of fishes with flotsam in the offshore waters of central america fishery bulletin 66 13 29 kingsford mj 1993 biotic and abiotic structure in the pelagic environment importance to small fishes bulletin of marine science 53 2 393 415 dooley jk 1972 fishes associated with the pelagic sargassum complex with a discussion of the sargassum community contributions in marine science 16 1 32 moyle and cech p 576 1 2 3 4 5 moyle and cech pp 574 575 josse e 2000 typologie et comportement des agrégations thonières autour de dispositifs de concentration de poissons à partir de prospections acoustiques en polynésie 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bibliography bone quentin moore richard 2008 biology of fishes garland science isbn 978 0 203 88522 2 moyle pb cech jj 2004 fishes an introduction to ichthyology 5th ed benjamin cummings isbn 978 0 13 100847 2 further reading edit collette bb 2010 reproduction and development in epipelagic fishes in kathleen s cole reproduction and sexuality in marine fishes patterns and processes pp 21 64 university of california press isbn 978 0 520 26433 5 freon pierre 1998 dynamics of pelagic fish distribution and behaviour effects on fisheries and stock assessment wiley blackwell isbn 978 0 85238 241 7 johnsen s 2003 lifting the cloak of invisibility the effects of changing optical conditions on pelagic crypsis1 integrative and comparative biology 43 4 580 590 doi 10 1093 icb 43 4 580 pmid 21680466 makris n ratilal p jagannathan s gong z andrews m bertsatos i godo or nero rw jech jm 2009 critical population density triggers rapid formation of vast oceanic fish shoals science 323 5922 1734 1737 bibcode 2009sci 323 1734m doi 10 1126 science 1169441 pmid 19325116 s2cid 6478019 pepperell j 2011 fishes of the open ocean a natural history and illustrated guide university of new south wales press isbn 978 1 74223 267 6 salvanesa agv and kristoffersen jb mesopelagic fishes in encyclopedia of ocean sciences pp 1711 1717 doi 10 1006 rwos 2001 0012 scientists ids genesis of animal behavior patterns physorg com 26 march 2009 one fish two fish new mit sensor improves fish counts physorg com 2 february 2006 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to deep sea fish glowing life in an underwater world ted video from edith widder the open ocean marinebio org marinebio org updated 28 august 2011 ted video from edith widder the open ocean marinebio org marinebio org updated 28 august 2011 pelagic advisory council of the european commission v t e aquatic ecosystems general components and freshwater ecosystems general acoustic ecology algal bloom anoxic waters aquatic adaptation aquatic animal insect mammal water bird aquatic biomonitoring aquatic plant aquatic population dynamics aquatic predation aquatic respiration aquatic science aquatic toxicology benthos bioluminescence biomass cascade effect colored dissolved organic matter dead zone ecohydrology eutrophication fisheries science food chain food web gis and aquatic science hydrobiology hypoxia macrobenthos meiobenthos microbial ecology microbial food web microbial loop mycoloop nekton neuston particle pelagic zone photic zone phytoplankton plankton pleuston productivity ramsar convention sediment trap semiaquatic shoaling and schooling siltation spawn stable isotope analysis in aquatic ecosystems stream metabolism substrate thermal pollution trophic level underwater camouflage water column zooplankton freshwater freshwater biology freshwater biome freshwater environmental quality parameters freshwater fish hyporheic zone limnology lake ecosystem lake stratification macrophyte pond fish pond rheotaxis river ecosystem stream bed stream pool trophic state index upland and lowland water garden wetland bog brackish marsh fen freshwater marsh freshwater swamp forest ecoregions list of freshwater ecoregions wwf africa and madagascar latin america and the caribbean list of marine ecoregions specific examples everglades maharashtra north pacific subtropical gyre san francisco estuary marine ecosystems components general deep scattering layer diel vertical migration f ratio iron fertilization large marine ecosystem marine biology marine chemistry marine food web marine primary production marine snow ocean fertilization oceanic physical biological process ocean turbidity photophore thorson s rule upwelling viral shunt whale fall marine life census of marine life deep sea community deep water coral marine fungi marine invertebrates marine larval ecology seagrass seashore wildlife wild fisheries microorganisms marine bacteriophage marine prokaryotes marine protists marine viruses paradox of the plankton vertebrates marine m...
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