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file deletion wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 purpose 2 accidental removal 3 sensitive data 4 see also 5 references toggle the table of contents file deletion 10 languages deutsch español فارسی suomi français 한국어 polski português српски srpski 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia removal of a file from a computer s file system this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources file deletion news newspapers books scholar jstor february 2024 learn how and when to remove this message deletion is often represented by a waste container file deletion is the removal of a file from a computer s file system all operating systems include commands for deleting files rm on unix and linux 1 era in cp m and dr dos del erase in ms dos pc dos dr dos microsoft windows etc file managers also provide a convenient way of deleting files files may be deleted one by one or a whole blacklist directory tree may be deleted purpose edit examples of reasons for deleting files are freeing the disk space removing duplicate or unnecessary data to avoid confusion making sensitive information unavailable to others removing an operating system or blanking a hard drive accidental removal edit see also data recovery a common problem with deleting files is the accidental removal of information that later proves to be important a common method to prevent this is to back up files regularly erroneously deleted files may then be found in archives another technique often used is not to delete files instantly but to move them to a temporary directory whose contents can then be deleted at will this is how the recycle bin or trash can works microsoft windows and apple s macos as well as some linux distributions all employ this strategy in ms dos one can use the undelete command in ms dos the deleted files are not really deleted but only marked as deleted so they could be undeleted during some time until the disk blocks they used are eventually taken up by other files this is how data recovery programs work by scanning for files that have been marked as deleted as the space is freed up per byte rather than per file this can sometimes cause data to be recovered incompletely defragging a drive may prevent undeletion as the blocks used by deleted file might be overwritten since they are marked as empty another precautionary measure is to mark important files as read only many operating systems will warn the user trying to delete such files where file system permissions exist users who lack the necessary permissions are only able to delete their own files preventing the erasure of other people s work or critical system files sensitive data edit see also data remanence the common problem with sensitive data is that deleted files are not really erased and so may be recovered by interested parties most file systems only remove the link to data but even overwriting parts of the disk with something else or formatting it may not guarantee that the sensitive data is completely unrecoverable special software is available that overwrites data and modern post 2001 ata drives include a secure erase command in firmware however high security applications and high security enterprises can sometimes require that a disk drive be physically destroyed to ensure data is not recoverable as microscopic changes in head alignment and other effects can mean even such measures are not guaranteed when the data is encrypted only the encryption key has to be unavailable crypto shredding is the practice of deleting data by only deleting or overwriting the encryption keys see also edit crypto shredding data erasure references edit rm 1 linux manual page the man pages project august 2023 retrieved february 3 2024 v t e data erasure anti computer forensics bleachbit darik s boot and nuke data recovery data remanence eraser software factory reset file deletion gutmann method dod 5220 22 m physical information security shred unix shredit category list of data erasing software retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title file_deletion oldid 1373875270 category file deletion hidden categories articles with short description short description is different from wikidata use american english from february 2024 all wikipedia articles written in american english use mdy dates from february 2024 articles needing additional references from february 2024 all articles needing additional references this page was last edited on 8 september 2026 at 13 19 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the creative commons attribution sharealike 4 0 license additional terms may apply by using this site you agree to the terms of use and privacy policy wikipedia is a registered trademark of the wikimedia foundation inc a non profit organization privacy policy about wikipedia disclaimers contact wikipedia legal safety contacts code of conduct developers statistics cookie statement mobile view search search toggle the table of contents file deletion 10 languages add topic
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