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Text of the page (random words):
links project page talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia wikipedia manual of style this guideline is a part of the english wikipedia s manual of style editors should generally follow it though it is best treated with common sense and exceptions may apply substantive edits to this page should reflect consensus shortcuts wp mosfr wp mosfr mos fr mos fr mos france mos france manual of style content accessibility biography disambiguation pages organizing by subject hidden text infoboxes linking self references words to watch formatting abbreviations capitalization dates and numbers pronunciation spelling superscripts and subscripts text formatting titles of works images captions image placement icons images layout layout lead section tables trivia sections lists lists lists of works road junctions stand alone lists by topic area arts anime and manga comics film music music samples record charts stringed instruments novels television video games visual arts writing about fiction see also wikiproject style advice regional canada china and chinese france and french hawaii india indonesia ireland japan korea kurdistan pakistan philippines poland singapore see also naming conventions geographic names wikiproject style advice science and technology chemistry computer science mathematics medicine taxonomy see also wikiproject style advice other blazons cue sports snooker islam latter day saints legal military history trademarks see also wikiproject style advice history legal and cultural religion and education sports and games related guidelines article size article titles categories lists and navigation templates categorization hatnotes subpages understandability simplified contents tips v t e the purpose of this supplementary manual is to create guidelines for editing articles in the english language wikipedia which relate to france or the french language to conform to a neutral encyclopedic style and to make things easy to read by following a consistent format the following rules do not claim to be the last word one way is often as good as another but if everyone does it the same way wikipedia will be easier to read and use not to mention easier to write and edit this manual is open to all proposals discussion and editing there is considerable disagreement between the editors of articles related to france or french about which sources are reliable the important thing to remember is that all sources and articles must conform to wikipedia policies such as no original research verifiability and neutral point of view general rules edit the most general wikipedia naming convention is that editors should use the most common form of the name or expression used in english wp english there are however many cases in which this rule is difficult to put into practice when giving a parenthetical french expression after an english word editors may use langx fr word where word is the french word example national assembly french assemblée nationale if required in running text french words or phrases should use lang thus lang fr assemblée nationale which renders as assemblée nationale this automatically produces italic rendering in accordance with mos foreignitalic orthography edit see also french orthography accents and ligatures edit shortcut wp frenchnames wp frenchnames french proper names and expressions should respect the use of accents and ligatures in french these are accent a e i o u y grave à è ù acute é circonflexe â ê î ô û tréma ë ï ü ÿ others ç œ æ common french usage is to omit accents in capitals however this is not the proper usage and accents should be included in capitals as required by the imprimerie nationale and usual in canada when used in article names all common non accented non ligatured forms should redirect to the article there will often be many redirects but this is intentional and does not represent a problem saint étienne édouard manet édith piaf émile zola sorting edit accented characters and ligatures should not affect the sort order of articles in categories etc so where proper names have accents or ligatures include the defaultsort magic word in the article with those accented characters and ligatures replaced by plain versions see évisa source for an example communes starting with the definite article note that communes and other places starting with the definite article la le les l should have the defaultsort magic word added with the article absent e g la vernelle should contain defaultsort vernelle manual sorting within lists templates etc apart from the above rules the following conventions should also be followed do not add the defaultsort magic word with hyphens missing communes starting with saint are always sorted before communes starting with sainte do not try to sort sainte communes in with saint e communes capitalization edit shortcut mos frenchcaps mos frenchcaps see also wikipedia naming conventions capitalization capitalization of expressions borrowed from other languages there have been two accepted methods to determine the capitalization of titles of works of art as described below for consistency of french titles on the english wikipedia the consensus has been to follow the first method the second method had been allowed not required only for operas and visual arts but is in need of a new consensus evaluation 1 imprimerie nationale académie française method these are the rules used on the french wikipedia which are those used by the french national publishing house l imprimerie nationale and put forth in its lexique des règles typographiques en usage à l imprimerie nationale this system is also favoured by the académie française titles which adhere to these rules may however differ from the form of capitalization originally adopted by the author the cover s graphic artist or the publishing house especially for older works that pre date the current advice of french language authorities a these rules are as follows the words capitalized in titles of works of art books paintings etc are proper nouns names cities the initial word of the title and if this initial word is a definite article le la les l both the article and its noun and any modifier between the article and the noun are capitalized e g le grand meaulnes la grande illusion if the initial word is a modifier followed by a noun the entire noun phrase is likewise capitalized e g tristes tropiques however if the title is a sentence only the first letter and proper nouns are capitalized e g la vie est un long fleuve tranquille if the title contains an enumeration e g la belle et la bête subsequent nouns of that enumeration are capitalized in cases of a double title e g émile ou de l éducation both parts of the title are treated individually by the above rules explicit subtitles are likewise treated as complete titles examples la peau de chagrin not la peau de chagrin or la peau de chagrin l œuvre le ventre de paris les misérables 2 chicago manual of style sentence case method since at least the 14th edition 1993 p 320 the chicago manual of style cmos has recommended only capitalizing the first word of the title and of the subtitle and of all proper nouns however the 17th edition 2017 1127 now explicitly also recognizes the above system citing the académie française and draws from it exceptions like le monde that it applies to its own sentence case system cmos no longer recommends one system over the other only using a single approach consistently in wikipedia s early days the cmos sentence case system was also followed by some major english language reference works for instance then recent editions of the new grove dictionary of music and musicians the new grove dictionary of opera the oxford dictionary of opera and the viking opera guide however new editions of such works have not been checked in this regard in over a decade needs update examples of the sentence case approach les mamelles de tirésias les indes galantes les contes d hoffmann la vie parisienne la bohème for capitalization rules in other domains than titles of works see the next section naming conventions naming conventions edit noble titles edit shortcut mos frenchnoble mos frenchnoble main page wikipedia naming conventions royalty and nobility there is currently no standard convention for french noble titles and present day english usage varies greatly in wikipedia articles french noble titles are currently listed in two different ways in english translation duke of count of for historical figures and royalty most well known by their english forms while present day english usage varies with regards to the capitalization of these titles b editors should follow the wikipedia manual of style capital letters while present day english usage also varies with regards to the use of of or de after the titles b the consensus on wikipedia naming conventions royalty and nobility has been to use of when the english title is given in french for other cases maintaining the french title spelling seigneur chevalier marquis duc comte and the de furthermore in the second case french titles in french form capitalization is currently chaotic in french with lowercase spelling comtesse de marquis de e g marie de rabutin chantal marquise de sévigné catherine de vivonne marquise de rambouillet pierre de bourdeille seigneur de brantôme françois hédelin abbé d aubignac jean françois paul de gondi cardinal de retz this is considered correct usage in contemporary french and is the form used by the chicago manual of style and in article titles on the french wiki in french with capital spelling comtesse de marquis de e g anne robert jacques turgot baron de laune georges louis leclerc comte de buffon adam philippe comte de custine while capitalization of noble titles occurred historically in french this usage is no longer correct in french this form is however frequently found in english c present english usage itself varies on how to spell such french forms and there is currently no consensus among editors on the issue of capitalization as a general rule if the individual is not better known by an english equivalent and a french form is to be used it is recommended regardless of which form of capitalization is used that forms remain consistent throughout a specific article and that redirects be made from the other acceptable forms creative works edit use english title when well known in wikipedia articles and article titles french titles of creative works should be put into english if the work is well known by its title in english with redirects from the french title examples the tales of hoffmann an opera by offenbach the marriage of figaro a play by beaumarchais sunflowers a painting by van gogh if the work is better known by its title in french then french should be maintained with redirects from the english title capitalization see above capitalization usage varies in contemporary french with regards to the capitalization of words in titles and especially to the capitalization of initial words after a definite article all common forms with variant capitalization should redirect to the article there will often be many redirects but this is intentional and does not represent a problem names of organizations and institutions edit subject to wikipedia manual of style trademarks and wikipedia naming conventions companies names of organizations and institutions e g orchestras musical ensembles and groups concert halls festivals schools etc should follow official usage i e the spelling punctuation etc used by the organization s own publications always check whether the organization has english language publications and if so what name is used in these in the case of non english names we use official english versions if and when they have been established by the organization itself if not we use the native name original english names translated from other languages should not be created administrative divisions edit cities and communes edit main page wikipedia naming conventions city names where possible articles on cities and communes in france should go under placename where disambiguation is needed articles have traditionally used the comma convention the standard convention for place names on the english language wikipedia and been placed under placename département thus tours but duras lot et garonne and montreuil seine saint denis note that on the french wikipedia disambiguation is done with the parentheses convention and cities appear as placename département x there is currently much discussion see the talk page for replacing the comma convention with a parentheses convention arrondissements edit note that this section is still under discussion on the talk page consensus may not have been reached and article titles and text will not all use this style please contribute to the discussion there numbered municipal arrondissements for example those of paris should use arabic numbers and english ordinality suffixes not the french system of roman numerals and french suffixes the city name should follow for example 5th arrondissement of paris not paris v e arrondissement french administrative terms edit the french administrative terms département and région should not be used except parenthetically in cases of ambiguity instead the english language terms department and region should be used d the english language terms urban area and metropolitan area are inexact equivalents for the french terms aire urbaine and unité urbaine piped links to the french terms should be used transport conventions edit rail sncf rff edit stub france rail transport stub multiple train units edit name sncf class name category category sncf multiple units name template sncf units example sncf class b 81500 locomotives edit name sncf class name category category sncf locomotives name template sncf locos example sncf class bb 22200 though mediocre railways edit should the railway be a touristic railway use the name used commercially ex lézarde express régionale if it is owned by the rff use the basis xxx yyy railway with an en dash ex paris marseille railway when deciding which end to put first use the biggest end or if they are both equally significant or insignificant just use what sounds right you should also use wp trail and can base the diagram on the site rail 21 also add a link to its regional ter region and list of railway lines in france and the categories railway lines in france and region stations edit some stations are known by established common names these are gare d austerlitz gare de bercy gare de l est gare de lyon gare montparnasse gare du nord gare saint lazare gare de la b...
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