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Text of the page (random words):
eresting topics that are worth discussing in the google hangout the paper chosen is a recent biology reviews article by howard v cornell titled is regional species diversity bounded or unbounded don t let the title fool you it might seem kinda specific but a quick read of the abstract will show that this paper brings together many perhaps all the main topics we have discussed throughout the semester and really is a perfect way to wrap up the discussion on speciation and biological diversity as is usual for biology reviews papers this paper is long conceptual and thus might require a good careful read to take the most out of it therefore i am suggesting we meet monday may 15 13 at our usual 4 30 est time slot to discuss it leaving a good 10 days to go over the paper does that sound good i m excited and i can t wait to see how it goes howard v cornell 2013 is regional species diversity bounded or unbounded biological reviews 88 140 165 abstract two conflicting hypotheses have been proposed to explain large scale species diversity patterns and dynamics the unbounded hypothesis proposes that regional diversity depends only on time and diversification rate and increases without limit the bounded hypothesis proposes that ecological constraints place upper limits on regional diversity and that diversity is usually close to its limit recent evidence from the fossil record phylogenetic analysis biogeography and phenotypic disparity during lineage diversification suggests that diversity is constrained by ecological processes but that it is rarely asymptotic niche space is often unfilled or can be more finely subdivided and still permit coexistence and new niche space is often created before ecological limits are reached damped increases in diversity over time are the prevalent pattern suggesting the need for a new damped increase hypothesis the damped increase hypothesis predicts that diversity generally increases through time but that its rate of increase is often slowed by ecological constraints however slowing due to niche limitation must be distinguished from other possible mechanisms creating similar patterns these include sampling artifacts the inability to detect extinctions or declines in clade diversity with some methods the distorting effects of correlated speciation extinction dynamics the likelihood that opportunities for allopatric speciation will vary in space and time and the role of undetected natural enemies in reducing host ranges and thus slowing speciation rates the taxonomic scope of regional diversity studies must be broadened to include all ecologically similar species so that ecological constraints may be accurately inferred the damped increase hypothesis suggests that information on evolutionary processes such as time for speciation and intrinsic diversification rates as well as ecological factors will be required to explain why regional diversity varies among times places and taxa keywords adaptive radiation carrying capacity coexistence diversification niche niche conservatism phylogenetics saturation species area species diversity species energy categories uncategorized permalink april 10 2013 by hossiet 13 comments world s first online journal club today morgan jackson alerted us to a recent piece in the journal nature entitled online journal club nature 496 261 11 april 2013 doi 10 1038 nj7444 261c the main thrust of this short career brief article is that another group called fertility and sterility has recently stated up an online journal club using a platform called journal club live http journalclublive com this website has created the world s first online cyber journal club platform which basically does the same thing as we have been doing with g hangouts and youtube devin drown rightly pointed out that this short blurb in nature reads like an advertisement for journal club live i think for most of us the headline in nature was both exiting and disheartening we are all happy to see the idea of an online journal club approach gaining more general interest but it is disappointing to see the high profile exposure gained by another group for doing essentially the same thing that we have been doing since september 2012 https evobiojournalclub wordpress com 2012 09 however since september we have grown and matured as a group we have overcome issues relating to technology topic selection discussion format and more i think we all see the inherent value of an online journal club and i also see us as people who are uniquely positioned to write a piece on the topic a few of us have decided that it is worth trying to publish a short paper that explicitly spells out the value of online journals clubs and the practical steps to implementing one if you have any suggestions or comments that you think might be relevant for this paper please feel free to add them in the comment section below specifically what do you think should be in this paper what are the main strengths weaknesses of online journal clubs what are the main technological challenges that need to be overcome categories uncategorized permalink april 9 2013 by rafael maia leave a comment food for thought geography as just another isolating mechanism hey everyone i thought i d post this here as it might be interesting to us i mentioned this paper briefly in the last discussion and though it might be too theoretical for our group though i am open to have that questioned i thought some thoughts in here would be helpful to us so even though i think we have mostly agreed that while interesting focusing too much in geographical aspects of speciation sympatry parapatry allopatry as very crucial can be distracting and confusing if treated as an alternative hypothesis to other processes such as ecology driving diversification nonetheless we keep on coming back to this topic and i started wondering if it could be just because we lacked a more formal framework that we could have to substitute the one we ve been exposed to so far i was reading a paper by mark kirkpatrick and virginie ravigné speciation by natural and sexual selection the american naturalist 2002 159 s22 s35 and i think they might offer just that in the paper they list five conditions necessary to speciation via selection natural or sexual of which the second one a prezygotic isolation mechanism deals with the element of geography from the paper emphasis are mine here again there is the opportunity to unify models of speciation assortment and mating preferences can be treated as a single form of prezygotic isolation by regarding assortment as the special case where a mating preference acts on itself the geographical setting one of mayr s great legacies for our understanding of speciation was his emphasis on the importance of biogeography mayr 1963 see coyne 1994 as a result the geographical context of speciation the allopatry versus parapatry versus sympatry continuum is traditionally viewed as the most important factor in speciation table 1 sec ii c our list of fundamental elements for speciation can be simplified however if we view geography as simply another form of assortative mating consider geography as a genetic locus each geographical location then represents a different allele migration is replaced by a form of frequency dependent mutation at the geography locus movement between populations is equivalent to mutation of both alleles at the geography locus that locus enforces the most extreme form of assortative mating since only individuals that carry the same allele at the geography locus are allowed to mate the evolutionary dynamics of a population with this form of assortative mating are exactly equivalent to those of a geographically structured population although this equivalence may at first seem obscure it is useful for three reasons first it shows that we can simplify thinking about speciation by treating geography as just one more type of assortative mating geography does not need to be modeled separately second allopatry and sympatry do not need to be treated as qualitatively distinct situations third the correspondence between geography and assortment helps make clear why allopatric speciation is so powerful and so prevalent it is an exceedingly accurate form of assortative mating very few other types of assortative mating guarantee that only individuals carrying the same allele at a single locus will mate together combining this with ubiquitous spatial variation in selection produces a potent engine for generating new species it may well be critical to the great majority of speciation events as argued by mayr 1963 although this might seem like just a modeling trick i think the conceptual basis for it can be very helpful we can view allopatry as a mechanism of prezygotic isolation with a behavior very similar to other possible mechanisms with the important notion that it can quite commonly be a very strong one to me this makes it very clear that geography can be one of many mechanisms of isolation that it can act in concert with other occurring mechanisms and most importantly it needn t be treated as an alternative hypothesis to ecological speciation ecology can play a role in many of the five conditions listed by kirkpatrick and ravigné in some cases it might reinforce other prezygotic barriers including geographical ones in others it might weaken them and in other cases it might just affect other of the conditions to speciation that do not relate to prezygotic barriers i think this can help deal with much confusion in the topic well these are my thoughts would love to hear what you have to say categories uncategorized permalink april 1 2013 by rafael maia leave a comment ebjclub 2 5 genetics of speciation today s meeting will be through google hangouts so here are a couple useful resources you can join the hangout by clicking here make sure you add our g page to your circles or else you won t see the invitation for the hangout here s some information on g hangouts and some of the tools we use we will not be using the irc chat but instead track the comments on the google hangout thread using a g app which might make it easier to interact if you re not joining categories uncategorized video discussions permalink march 29 2013 by ria pi 2 comments season 2 meeting 5 the genetics of speciation on monday the 1st of april at 16 30 est we ll be discussing some elements of the genetics involved in the speciation process between two flycatcher species not an april fool s joke i promise after the last meeting i looked for papers that explained the genetics of speciation in a relatively simple and clear language all the while focusing on one example from this search comes the following review saetre g p saetre s a 2010 ecology and genetics of speciation in ficedula flycatchers molecular ecology 19 1091 1106 doi 10 1111 j 1365 294x 2010 04568 x the authors first explain why the pied and collared flycatchers provide an interesting study model then they go on to answering the question of what is keeping them apart and how did such barriers evolve even though they do hybridize in some areas of their distribution by describing the various genetic factors that reduce the gene flow between the two species as an optional read here is a more recent paper which was suggested by rafael on the genomic landscape of species divergence in the same birds ellegren et al there s just too darn many authors 2012 genomic landscape of species divergence in ficedula flycatchers nature 491 756 760 doi 10 1038 nature11584 categories article summaries permalink march 18 2013 by rafael maia 5 comments ebjclub 2 4 ecological speciation categories uncategorized video discussions permalink march 14 2013 by chandra moffat 1 comment season 2 meeting 4 ecological speciation join us monday march 18 th at 4 30pm est ecological speciation is a surprisingly broad topic by which i mean picking a paper wasn t as easy as i thought it might be schluter 2009 science argues there is good reason for this as he categorizes all speciation events into only two broad categories mutation order and ecological given that ecological speciation can just be thought of as divergence that is driven by divergent natural selection between environments schluter 2009 i thought it might be useful to consider a variety of mechanisms of selective reproductive isolation or ecological speciation one obvious one of course is geographic reproductive isolation which we discussed in meeting 3 the geography of speciation so i chose a paper by andrew hendry patrick nosil and loren rieseberg which i think does a pretty good job of providing not only different mechanisms of ecological speciation but covers a variety of taxa all from the premise that adaptation to new ecological environments can cause the contemporary evolution of reproductive isolation hendry nosil and rieseberg 2007 i hope this leads to an interesting discussion below is a link to the discussion paper as well as to two other interesting review papers on ecological speciation by schluter 2009 and rundle and nosil 2005 in case you have that elusive extra time if you have even more extra time there was a whole special issue on ecological speciation in the international journal of ecology in 2012 also linked below hope to see lots of you on monday the paper we will be discussing hendry a p nosil p and rieseberg l h 2007 the speed of ecological speciation functional ecology 21 3 455 464 doi 10 1111 j 1365 2435 2007 01240 x other papers that may be of interest schluter d 2009 evidence for ecological speciation and its alternative science 323 5915 737 741 doi 10 1126 science 1160006 rundle h d and nosil p 2005 ecological speciation ecology letters 8 3 336 352 doi 10 1111 j 1461 0248 2004 00715 x special issue on ecological speciation in the international journal of ecology 2012 reminder as usual our meeting will be in google hangouts so here are a couple useful resources make sure you add our g page to your circles some information on g hangouts and some of the tools we use we will be using an irc text chat in case there s more people interested in joining the discussion than g hangouts can handle 10 instructions here categories article summaries uncategorized permalink march 4 2013 by rafael maia 3 comments ebjclub 2 3 the geography of speciation categories uncategorized video discussions permalink march 2 2013 by rafael maia leave a comment reading for next meeting march 4th hey everyone sorry for the super short notice but hopefully we can still get to read them before the meeting next monday march 4th at 4 30pm if it s too short notice let me know and we can transfer it to next week the readings this week will be on the geography of speciation and were chosen by david winter but i will be leading the discussion they are two not too long papers that work well together i would like to suggest we focus on the second one but it references the first one considerably in making its argument...
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