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for the 2006 u s immigration reform protests 1 and was the first piece of legislation passed by a house of congress in the united states illegal immigration debate development and the effect of the bill was featured in the senate speaks story 11 in how democracy works now twelve stories a documentary series from filmmaking team shari robertson and michael camerini provisions edit a march in front of dallas city hall protesting hr4437 the bill passed by the house of representatives contains the following provisions among others permanent dead link requires up to 700 miles 1120 km of double layered fence along the mexico us border at points with the highest number of illegal border crossings house amendment 648 authored by duncan hunter r ca52 requires the federal government to take custody of illegal aliens detained by local authorities this would end the practice of catch and release where federal officials sometimes instruct local law enforcement to release detained illegal aliens because resources to prosecute them are not available it also reimburses local agencies in the 29 counties along the border for costs related to detaining illegal aliens section 607 mandates employers to verify workers legal status through electronic means phased in over several years also requires reports to be sent to congress one and two years after implementation to ensure that it is being used title vii requires the department of homeland security dhs to report to congress on the number of other than mexicans otms apprehended and deported and the number of those from states that sponsor terrorism section 409 formalizes congressional condemnation of rapes by smugglers along the border and urges mexico to take immediate action to prevent them house amendment 647 authored by ginny brown waite requires all illegal aliens before being deported to pay a fine of 3 000 if they agree to leave voluntarily but do not adhere to the terms of their agreement the grace period for voluntary departure is shortened to 60 days requires dhs to conduct a study on the potential for border fencing on the canada us border sets the minimum sentence for fraudulent documents at 10 years fines or both with tougher sentencing in cases of aiding drug trafficking and terrorism establishes a fraudulent documents center within dhs increases penalties for aggravated felonies and various frauds including marriage fraud and document fraud establishes an 18 month deadline for dhs to control the border with a progress report due one year after enactment of the legislation requires criminal record terrorist watch list clearance and fraudulent document checks for any illegal immigrant before being granted legal immigration status reimburses states for aiding in immigration enforcement causes housing of a removed alien to become a felony and sets the minimum prison sentence to three years allows deportation of any illegal alien convicted of driving under the influence dui adds human trafficking and human smuggling to the money laundering statute increases penalties for employing illegal workers to 7 500 for first time offenses 15 000 for second offenses and 40 000 for all subsequent offenses prohibits accepting immigrants from any country which delays or refuses to accept its citizens who are deported from the united states section 404 prohibiting aid to illegal immigrants edit it would be a crime to assist an illegal immigrant to remain in the united states knowing or in reckless disregard of the fact that such person is an alien who lacks lawful authority to reside in or remain in the united states 2 furthermore the prison term applicable to a removed alien would also be applicable to anyone who knowingly aids or assists that alien to reenter the united states 3 previous laws already prohibited aiding and abetting illegal immigrants this bill however is specifically intended to increase enforcement against human smugglers 4 amendments edit eliminates the diversity immigrant visa also known as green card lottery program house amendment 650 authored by bob goodlatte prohibits grants to federal state or local government agencies that enact or maintain a sanctuary city policy house amendment 659 authored by thomas tancredo withdrawn 12 16 2005 by unanimous consent incorporates satellite communications among immigration enforcement officials house amendment 638 authored by john carter requires all united states border patrol uniforms to be made in the u s to avoid forgeries house amendment 641 authored by rick renzi institutes a timeline for deployment of us visit to all land based checkpoints house amendment 642 authored by michael n castle amendment 656 failed the bill s original republican language changed the existing penalty for first illegal entry from a misdemeanor to a felony this amendment from rep sensenbrenner would have changed the bill s felony language back to misdemeanor leaving this aspect of the existing law intact the amendment was defeated by a vote of 164 to 257 republicans voted 156 to 65 for the amendment to change felony back to misdemeanor democrats voted 191 to 8 against the amendment to leave the bill s language as a felony during the spring of 2006 at the peak of the protest marches democrats used this felony aspect to rally protesters against the bill as a whole this strategy is often referred to as a poison pill debate edit the house version of the bill was opposed by a variety of migrant social justice humanitarian and religious organizations and other groups among the criticisms raised by opposition groups are that the proposed legislation might negatively affect over 11 million illegal immigrants and those associated with them that it includes measures which create substantial barriers to community policing and that it represents the most draconian anti illegal immigration bill in nearly a century the bill does not specify one particular group over any other passage of the bill would affect all illegal aliens living within the u s the fact that most of the protests to date have come largely from mexican and hispanic based population centers may stem from the fact that hispanics are the largest undocumented immigrant group in the country on the supportive side of the issue it is argued that living illegally in the united states is civil infraction and that this bill merely aims at re cementing u s immigration codes that have long been neglected by changing the seriousness of the infraction from a civil to a criminal one supporters of the bill argue that it will increase border security by providing more us immigration and customs enforcement agents to the border thereby helping to curtail any possible entry to the country by terrorists and that the passage of this bill may help curtail drug trafficking and human trafficking from mexico to the us by depriving smugglers of sources and contacts on the us side of the border detractors say the bill includes measures that will infringe on the human rights of asylum seekers by stripping important due process protections criminalizing status over which they may have no control and dramatically limiting their access to essential services opponents of the bill argue that it would also redefine illegal immigrants as felons and punish anyone guilty of providing them assistance in addition it would create several new mandatory minimum penalties for a variety of offenses including some that would expose humanitarian workers public school teachers church workers and others whose only object is to provide relief and aid to five year mandatory minimum prison sentences contrary to some reports the bill would not have involved massive numbers of deportations it might have increased the ease of deporting of people caught by local law enforcement but there are no provisions to actively search for illegal immigrants as happened during operation wetback los angeles archbishop roger mahony spoke out on provisions in the immigration bills he wrote to president bush 5 that certain proposed measures would effectively outlaw the provision of charitable assistance and religious ministry to individuals not in valid immigration status on ash wednesday 2006 cardinal mahony announced that he would order the clergy and laity of the archdiocese of los angeles to ignore h r 4437 if it were to become law 6 he personally lobbied senators barbara boxer and dianne feinstein to have the senate consider a comprehensive immigration reform bill rather than the enforcement only bill that passed the house of representatives 7 mahony also blamed the congress for the illegal immigration crisis due to their failure to act on the issue in the previous 20 years opposed h r 4437 as punitive and open to abusive interpretation and supported s 2611 8 9 response edit main article 2006 u s immigration reform protests millions of individuals have protested against the legislation because of the perception that it will result in mass deportation 10 citation needed leaders in the movements involved have called for congress to pass a bill that allows unauthorized immigrants to receive legal status the united states senate is considering bills e g s 2611 that will strike some of the provisions from h r 4437 such as the sections declaring illegal presence to be a felony illegal entry is currently a misdemeanor and criminalizing aid to illegal aliens in addition many cities and counties have taken formal positions opposing the bill labor unions have also largely opposed the bill though there is division among the labor movement as to whether to support a guest worker program or legalization of those currently present two provisions currently in some of the senate bills the debate has to an extent polarized opinions among u s citizens on illegal immigration gallup cnn cbs new york times los angeles times bloomberg nbc wall street journal and several other polls taken have consistently shown public support for the senate immigration bill allowing certain immigrants to earn legal status over the harsher h r 4437 however the center for immigration studies a pro immigration reduction organization conducted a zogby poll that showed that americans supported the house approach of enforcement instead of the senate comprehensive approach a day without an immigrant where unauthorized immigrants and those who supported them were encouraged to abstain from buying anything and to skip work or school was organized taking place on monday may 1 2006 the intention was to show the american public that their economy is helped by undocumented immigrants it resulted in at least one million marchers nationwide major marches were held in los angeles new york chicago dallas while smaller events occurred in most states most prominently in pennsylvania virginia and north carolina crowds in los angeles were estimated at 600 000 for the two boycott marches at the second largest protest in chicago an estimated 400 000 attended not all the organizations in the immigration rights movement supported the boycott and resulted in varied participation rates the effect the day had on the economy remains largely unknown on may 11 2006 senate leaders declared that they would try to pass an immigration bill of their own by the end of the month s 2611 on may 13 2006 president george w bush asked the pentagon to deploy the united states national guard to assist border patrol agents the deployment was to be limited to 6 000 troops film edit the senate speaks story 11 in how democracy works now twelve stories a documentary series from filmmakers shari robertson and michael camerini that examines the push for comprehensive immigration reform in the united states from 2001 to 2007 11 since its release the film has become an important resource for advocates policy makers and educators 12 the senate speaks centers around the response to the sensenbrenner bill s passage in the house the film presents the immigrant movement s public response to the toughest anti amnesty enforcement only immigration bill in history focus is placed on party leaders pressure to respond the film continues to tell the story of the bi partisan immigration reform that the senate passed in 2006 as an alternative approach to h r 4437 sources and notes edit zepeda millán chris 2017 09 28 latino mass mobilization immigration racialization and activism cambridge united kingdom isbn 9781107076945 oclc 992743862 cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link h r 4437 link removed section 202 amending 274 a 1 c thomas library of congress h r 4437 link removed section 205 thomas library of congress washington post white deborah 2006 05 19 catholic cardinal mahony slams house bill hr 443 about com us liberal politics archived from the original on 2008 02 10 retrieved 2008 03 09 donald kerwin 2006 05 08 immigration reform what the catholic church knows catholic legal immigration network inc archived from the original on 2007 04 21 retrieved 2007 05 11 john l allen jr 2006 04 14 mahony on immigration national catholic reporter archived from the original on 2007 09 27 retrieved 2007 04 11 cardinal mahony speaks out on immigration reform day to day national public radio 2006 03 29 retrieved 2007 04 11 catholic church officials spurn immigration reform plan american morning cnn 2006 03 29 retrieved 2007 04 11 zepeda millán chris 2017 09 28 latino mass mobilization immigration racialization and activism cambridge united kingdom isbn 9781107076945 oclc 992743862 cite book cs1 maint location missing publisher link twelve stories how democracy works now series outline immigrationprof blog acclaimed political documentary series how democracy works now announces washington d c screenings see also edit united states portal anti terrorism legislation gran marcha how democracy works now twelve stories external links edit cnn time magazine article on public opinion regarding issues in h r 4437 granmarcha org photos of la gran marcha the great march held in los angeles to defeat h r 4437 description of diversity visa program green card lottery opposing h r 4437 amendment final vote results for roll call 661 us house of representatives immigrant legal resource center page in opposition to h r 4437 jurist article on senate judiciary committee amendment of h r 4437 library of congress page on h r 4437 archived 2006 10 17 at the wayback machine the moral choice in immigration policy jurist tracking the u s congress washingtonwatch com page on h r 4437 how democracy works now twelve stories series page v t e immigration to the united states and related topics history nationality law history list relevant colonial era united states and international laws 18th century nationality law in the american colonies plantation act of 1740 naturalization act of 1790 1795 1798 alien and sedition acts of 1798 19th century naturalization act of 1802 act to encourage immigration 1864 civil rights act of 1866 14th amendment 1868 naturalization act of 1870 page act of 1...
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