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stan and kermanshah provinces meet it is named seymareh it then flows west and southward and somewhere near kal sefid village darreh shahr is joined by the kashkan river and together they create the karkheh river the third longest river in iran with a length of around 755 km seymareh and karkheh constitute the ilam s eastern border with lorestan province siah ghav twin lakes near abdanan because of the terrain the permanent and seasonal rivers and stream that originate from ilam highlands either fall into seymareh such as chardavol garab seekan darreh shahr and majeen rivers or flow westward toward the low lands and into iraq and khuzestan such as ghanghir ghodar khosh kanjan cham roud ghavi changouleh meymeh murmuri doiraj and siah ghav rivers 29 apart from some few springs here and there such as siah ghav twin lakes near abdanan there are no major natural bodies of water in the province there are however four dam that provide important drinking water these include ilam seymareh eywan and doiraj dams 30 biodiversity edit persian turpentine tree persian oak forest in ilam province flora edit with about 31 of its territory covered with scattered to dense forests of mostly persian oak ilam ranks 3rd in the country after kohgiluyeh and lorestan provinces excluding the northern provinces of mazandarn and gilan 31 32 the highlands and the forests of the province are the habitat of many animals including the asian black bear caracal caucasian squirrel eastern imperial eagle golden eagle black kite black stork blunt nosed viper and the endangered persian leopard 33 ilam is home to the endangered spider tailed horned viper a unique species only found in ilam province in the world 34 more than 6 400 km 2 2 500 mi 2 of the province around 31 of its territory is covered with scattered to dense forests this is about one third of the total forests in the zagros mountains the predominant species of these forests are persian oak though other trees such as wild almond hawthorn persian turpentine montpellier maple and judas can be found the arghavan canyon near ilam is known for the pink blooms of the judas trees which flower in spring fauna edit spider tailed horned viper due to its geographical location natural conditions and the diversity of its habitats ilam province is home to 32 mammals and 183 birds the mountainous areas specifically host mammals such as wild goat asiatic mouflon argali goitered gazelle the endangered persian leopard and asiatic cheetah as well as caracal eurasian lynx asian black bear brown bear wolf golden jackal red fox and wild boar smaller species such as caucasian squirrel rabbits long eared hedgehog european hedgehog indian crested porcupine and weasels 35 ilam province is only area in the world in which the spider tailed horned viper can be found nature conservatories edit kabir kouh protected area near darreh shahr about 13 of the total territory of ilam province is under the protection and monitoring of local and national natural reserves organizations there are four protected areas which in total cover 1 377 km 2 532 mi 2 list of protected areas in ilam province 36 37 name designation closest community area kabir kouh protected area darreh shahr 179 km 2 69 mi 2 dinar kouh protected area abdanan 406 km 2 157 mi 2 manesht and qolarangh protected area ilam 292 km 2 113 mi 2 koulak protected area mehran 500 km 2 190 mi 2 arghavan valley near ilam in addition to the protected areas mentioned above there are tang e bina and bijar hunting prohibited area around 500 km 2 190 mi 2 in area near chavar arghavan valley forest reserve near ilam city known for its pink spring blossoms of judas tree and largh forest reserve known for its pterocarya fraxinifolia trees these trees are usually found in the rain forests of northern iran but surprisingly grow in this small patch of land in lart valley near badreh and two nationally registered natural heritage sites 36 razyaneh canyon a deep and narrow canyon carved by streams in the rock beds near chenar bashi 10 to 30 m 33 to 98 ft deep 2 to 10 m 6 6 to 32 8 ft in width 1 5 km 0 93 mi long and dehloran an 1 400 ha 3 500 acres area near dehloran that includes hot water and bitumen springs as well as bat caves landslides edit seymareh landslide in darreh shahr county view from pol e dokhtar in lorestan to the landslide scarp on the kabir kouh range below is the landslide mass that crossed the river seymareh which now represents the border between ilam and lorestan one of the largest landslides in the eastern hemisphere and world is believed to have occurred in ilam province more specifically in the kabir kuh anticline at gorz e langar in darreh shahr county according to harrison and falcon in their article on royal geographical society published in 1937 the seymareh landslide moved as much as 30 km 3 7 2 mi 3 of rock as far as 14 km 8 7 mi it is suspected that an earthquake could have triggered such a large landslide 38 39 40 climate edit köppen climate types of ilam province due to the influence of various factors such as altitude proximity to the arabian desert the plains of khuzestan and iraq the climate of the province is very diverse different atmospheric systems affect the province causing fall winter spring and occasionally summer precipitation the mediterranean and black sea air masses from the west trigger autumn and winter rains in the province 41 the red sea and saudi desert currents too bring winter and spring rains the very same currents and the vast iraqi plain to the west are the main causes of hot weather in summers on the other hand the northern air masses entering the country in winter from siberia lower the temperatures and cause freezing in northern parts of the province ilam province is considered as one of the tropical regions of the country but due to difference in altitudes temperature and precipitation three different types of climate can be observed 29 41 mountainous areas of the north and northeast which have cold climate and long winters the minimum temperature in winter reaches 15 to 20 c 5 to 4 f and the amount of precipitation exceeds 600 mm 24 in per year the plains of the west and southwest of the province have dry hot climate the maximum temperature in these areas can exceed 52 c 126 f the rainfall in these areas is about 200 mm 7 9 in per year other areas have temperature to warm climate with hot summers and mild winters temperatures can go as low as 15 c 5 f in higher altitudes and in summers it can go above 45 c 113 f in lower altitudes annual precipitation in these areas varies between 200 mm 7 9 in and 450 mm 18 in climate averages for towns in ilam province 3 town july daily maximum january daily maximum annual precipitation ilam 38 2 c 100 8 f 10 5 c 50 9 f 585 4 mm 23 05 in mehran 45 6 c 114 1 f 16 3 c 61 3 f 230 4 mm 9 07 in dehloran 48 1 c 118 6 f 16 5 c 61 7 f 280 4 mm 11 04 in darreh shahr 46 4 c 115 5 f 15 c 59 f 482 1 mm 18 98 in eyvan 38 8 c 101 8 f 11 c 52 f 704 1 mm 27 72 in sarableh 41 4 c 106 5 f 11 2 c 52 2 f 510 7 mm 20 11 in abdanan 42 5 c 108 5 f 12 9 c 55 2 f 613 7 mm 24 16 in lumar 45 2 c 113 4 f 13 2 c 55 8 f 460 3 mm 18 12 in floods edit flood of nov 2015 city of ilam flood of 31 mar 2019 at majeen darreh shahr occasional heavy rainstorms in spring and autumn bring sometimes huge floods the steep slopes of zagros mountains soil type lack of vegetation are among some of the reasons why ilam province is prone to flooding moreover majority of communities in ilam province are located in the floodplains at the foothills of mountains on river banks and near sources of water so there is always risk of flooding with potential human and financial costs according to the available statistics mehran and dehloran counties are at the highest risk of flooding due to their lower elevation compared to the rest of the province and the subsequent concentration and joining of rivers and streams the latest flood happened in march and april 2019 in which most of country including ilam province experienced levels of flooding on 1 april 2019 the flood destructed many bridges including the gavmishan bridge in darreh shahr an important bridge over karkheh river which connects south of the province to lorestan and rest of the country the bridge was reopened months later on 6 october 2019 42 further information 2019 iran floods dust edit ilam is occasionally affected by dust especially in summers it has become more frequent in the last ten years the cities of mehran and dehloran are at the highest risk in the province due to lower elevation and proximity to the deserts of iraq and saudi arabia however in case of large dust storms the western part of the country could be affected the successive droughts of the recent decade in iran and the long wars in iraq and syria have also exacerbated the issue 43 44 demographics edit language and ethnicity edit ilam province has a diverse linguistic presence albeit having the smallest population in iran this diversity derives from the geographical location of the province positioned in the transitional zone between kurdish and the southwestern iranian language bloc the predominant language is kurdish more specifically the southern kurdish dialects kalhori elami malekshahi laki and the khezeli dialect closely related to laki kurdish is the dominant language in the cities of ilam mehran eyvan abdanan sarableh lumar and pahleh and cheshmeh ye shirin shah ahmad is the southern most kurdish speaking settlement in the province 11 luri is spoken in the southern parts of the province and is the predominant language in murmuri haft cheshmeh and many smaller villages the city of darreh shahr has a luri speaking majority with a significant kurdish speaking minority two linguistically distinctive luri dialects called hinimini and shuhani are also spoken in the province shahrak e changuleh is the largest shuhani speaking settlement while hinimini is spoken in and around zarangush 11 arabic is spoken in smaller settlements near the border to khuzestan province including in shahrak e zu ol faqari 11 ilam linguistic composition 11 language percent kurdish 80 66 luri 14 74 arabic 3 43 other 1 16 kurdish tribes edit the north is mostly inhabited by the kurdish feyli tribes the feyli tribes include the malekshahi khezel arkawâzi kalhor beyrey shuhan lak zand and ali sherwan tribes 45 religion edit as of 2011 99 62 of the population are muslim 46 population edit ilam province historical population year pop 1956 110 067 1966 148 307 34 7 1976 246 024 65 9 1986 382 091 55 3 1991 440 693 15 3 1996 487 886 10 7 2006 545 787 11 9 2011 557 599 2 2 2016 580 158 4 0 est 2020 602 000 3 8 notes as ilam census area in 1956 and ilam general governorate in 1966 source statistical center of iran at the time of the 2006 national census the province s population was 530 464 in 110 515 households 47 the following census in 2011 counted 557 599 people in 135 499 households 48 the 2016 census measured the population of the province as 580 158 people in 159 310 households 7 ilam is presently the least populated province in iran administrative divisions edit see also list of counties in ilam province iran the province of ilam is divided into 12 counties 28 districts and 52 rural districts 49 following the approval of the government cabinet holeylan county was established on 4 january 2020 having been a district of chardavol county prior to that becoming the 11th county of the province 50 chavar district was separated from ilam county and elevated to county status 51 the population history and structural changes of ilam province s administrative divisions over three consecutive censuses are shown in the following table ilam province counties 2006 47 2011 48 2016 7 abdanan 45 830 46 977 47 851 badreh b 15 614 chardavol 73 422 72 167 57 381 chavar c darreh shahr 56 346 59 551 43 708 dehloran 58 993 66 399 65 630 eyvan 47 380 48 833 49 491 holeylan d ilam 193 222 213 579 235 144 malekshahi e 22 587 21 138 mehran 55 271 27 506 29 797 sirvan f 14 404 total 530 464 557 599 580 158 cities edit see also list of cities in ilam province according to the 2016 census 395 263 people over 68 of the population of ilam province live in the following cities 7 city population abdanan 23 946 arkavaz 11 977 asemanabad 6 280 badreh 4 278 balavah 264 chavar 5 831 darrehshahr 21 900 dehloran 32 941 delgosha 1 819 eyvan 31 299 ilam 194 030 lumar 2 696 majin 1 512 mehr 1 060 mehran 17 435 meymeh 1 913 murmuri 3 768 musian 2 459 pahleh 3 870 salehabad 1 751 sarabbagh 2 659 sarableh 12 393 shabab 4 088 towhid 2 128 zarneh 2 966 ilam province is the least populated province in iran ilam the provincial capital has a population of 194 030 all other towns have less than 35 000 population list of cities above 10k population 55 rank town pop 1 ilam 194 030 2 dehloran 32 941 3 eyvan 31 299 4 abdanan 23 946 5 darrehshahr 21 900 6 mehran 17 435 7 sarableh 12 393 8 arkavaz 11 977 culture edit the original inhabitants of ilam were the guitians and the kassites and with the arrival of the aryans in iran the medes settled in the zagros region throughout history many people have settled and ruled in the region and as the result today ilam is inhabited by kurds lurs and arabs for the same reasons the culture of the ilamians is diverse mostly a blend of many cultures 44 handicrafts edit kilim a handicraft popular in ilam embossed kilim is a combination of simple kilim and carpet knot in its text which is considered as the most important and original handicraft in ilam province 56 ilam s embossed kilim is different from other parts of the country upon its creation by sahar chalanghar a resident of zanjireh village of sarableh county ilam s embossed kilim became popular both in iran and the world now there are more than 4 500 weavers of this specific type of kilim in ilam province producing around 3 000m 2 annually it is estimated that around 50 of those involved in all handicrafts work in ilam province are in the field of kilim production ilam s embossed kilim is different from other parts of the country because a weaver named sahar chalangar a resident of zanjireh village one of the functions of sarablah city of ilam province succeeds in performing a prominent role in a part of his woven kilim by using a carpet knot from this a background is provided for the growth and promotion of embossed kilims ilam s embossed kilim has received a national hologram and has been registered as a souvenir and brand of ilam province ilam was subsequently appointed as the national capital of embossed kilim 56 57 58 cuisine edit tarkhineh a traditional dish in ilam ilam s cuisine like its culture is a blend of kurdish and luri cuisines some of the local traditional dishes are 59 60 bersaq kala konji tarkhineh chezenak reqo shola keena mountain leek stew kangar jeghar vaz saj bread qala masoua qoyerma makash government edit the highest government authority of the province is the governor general w...
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