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m 75 since 1994 the arms used by government ministers and institutions have slowly changed to reflect the new version with the ribbon 17 motto the motto of canada is in latin a mari usque ad mare from sea to sea a part of psalm 72 8 76 this phrase was suggested by joseph pope then under secretary of state when the arms were redesigned in 1921 30 the motto was originally used in 1906 on the head of the mace of the legislative assembly of saskatchewan 76 in march 2006 the premiers of canada s three territories called for the amendment of the motto to better reflect the vast geographic nature of canada s territory 77 as canada has coastlines on the arctic atlantic and pacific oceans two suggestions for a new motto are a mari ad mare ad mare from sea to sea to sea and a mari usque ad maria from the sea to the other seas 78 79 supporters supporting the shield on either side are the english lion and scottish unicorn which are also the supporters of the uk coat of arms 30 the english lion 17 stands on the viewer s left and holds a gold pointed silver lance flying the royal union flag the scottish unicorn 17 has a gold horn a gold mane gold hooves and around its neck a gold chained coronet of crosses and fleurs de lis it holds a lance flying a banner of royalist france the three gold fleurs de lis on a blue background 30 unlike the british version the lion is not crowned nor is it facing the viewer the broken chain on the unicorn symbolizes the unicorn s resistance to oppression 17 compartment the entire coat of arms rests on the compartment which is made up of the floral emblems of the founding nations 17 the tudor rose is the floral badge of england and wales combining the white rose of york and the red rose of lancaster 30 the thistle and shamrock are the symbols of scotland and ireland respectively while the fleur de lis has been the royal symbol of france since the 12th century 30 80 see also bc ab sk mb on qc nb pe ns nl yt nt nu click on a province territory for coat of arms coat of arms of vancouver coat of arms of ottawa coat of arms of toronto coat of arms of montreal coat of arms of quebec city list of canadian provincial and territorial symbols national symbols of canada canadian royal symbols canada portal heraldry portal notes french armoiries du canada french armoiries royales du canada 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 french armoiries de sa majesté le roi du canada 15 references 1 2 canada the governor general of canada 15 march 2005 retrieved 5 august 2024 cook sheila marie march 2007 the canadian heraldic authority approvals pdf canada gazette 141 11 586 retrieved 24 february 2015 1 2 department of canadian heritage 2016 canada symbols of canada ottawa queen s printer for canada archived from the original on 24 june 2016 retrieved 3 september 2016 1 2 3 4 statements by members royal arms of canada parliamentary debates hansard commons 5 december 1995 col 1410 1415 archived from the original on 10 march 2009 1 2 military police complaints commission the commission publications outlook with vision annual report 2001 queen s printer for canada archived from the original on 24 february 2012 retrieved 28 june 2009 bank of canada currency museum learning centre queen s printer for canada archived from the original on 25 november 2007 retrieved 28 june 2009 reynolds ken pro valore canada s victoria cross pdf 2 ed ottawa queen s printer for canada p 40 archived from the original pdf on 23 september 2015 retrieved 31 july 2009 department of national defence features 2008 modern canadian victoria cross unveiled at rideau hall queen s printer for canada archived from the original on 2 december 2009 retrieved 4 august 2009 bousfield arthur toffoli gary 2002 fifty years the queen toronto dundurn press p 35 isbn 1 55002 360 8 citizenship and immigration canada 2009 discover canada pdf ottawa queen s printer for canada pp 38 61 isbn 978 1 100 12739 2 archived pdf from the original on 22 november 2009 retrieved 3 december 2009 the public register of arms flags and badges of canada vol iv p 457 the canadian heraldic authority retrieved 1 december 2011 treasury board of canada secretariat 31 january 2003 federal identity program queen s printer for canada retrieved 4 october 2016 the coat of arms of canada a short history royal heraldry society of canada archived from the original on 19 january 2012 retrieved 28 june 2009 1 2 tidridge nathan 2011 canada s constitutional monarchy an introduction to our form of government toronto dundurn press p 71 isbn 9781459700840 3 11 12 13 14 department of canadian heritage government of canada 2 october 2014 canadian flags of the royal family queen s printer for canada archived from the original on 2 january 2016 retrieved 9 december 2015 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 royal heraldry society of canada the coat of arms rhsc archived from the original on 1 december 2008 retrieved 8 november 2008 1 2 canadian symbols promotion nova scotia canadian heritage 21 may 2008 archived from the original on 25 september 2008 retrieved 21 november 2008 rsnl1990 chapter c 20 coat of arms act earl g tucker queen s printer 2006 retrieved 6 september 2008 heraldry and flags newfoundland and labrador heritage memorial university of newfoundland archived from the original on 2 april 2008 retrieved 6 september 2008 ceremonial and canadian symbols promotion ontario canadian heritage 24 september 2007 archived from the original on 22 october 2008 retrieved 21 november 2008 ceremonial and canadian symbols promotion quebec canadian heritage 21 may 2008 archived from the original on 10 september 2008 retrieved 21 november 2008 nova scotia nouvelle ecosse coat of arms le blason government of nova scotia archived from the original on 10 december 2008 retrieved 31 october 2008 canadian symbols promotion new brunswick canadian heritage 24 september 2007 archived from the original on 6 june 2008 retrieved 21 november 2008 bruce m hicks 2010 use of non traditional evidence a case study using heraldry to examine competing theories for canada s confederation british journal of canadian studies 43 1 87 117 issn 0269 9222 1 2 3 4 5 fraser alistair b 30 january 1998 chapter i canada s national symbols the flags of canada archived from the original on 15 september 2008 retrieved 1 october 2008 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 pass forrest 21 november 2021 five myths about the arms of canada library and archives canada retrieved 1 april 2023 1 2 ceremonial and canadian symbols promotion the arms of canada canadian heritage 23 june 2008 archived from the original on 24 september 2008 retrieved 21 november 2008 1 2 no 32525 the london gazette 22 november 1921 p 9242 1 2 3 4 5 6 ceremonial and canadian symbols promotion the arms of canada page 2 canadian heritage 23 june 2008 archived from the original on 24 september 2008 retrieved 21 november 2008 symbols of canada pdf canadian heritage 2008 p 6 retrieved 20 november 2008 1 2 tidridge nathan 2011 thompson allister ed canada s constitutional monarchy toronto dundurn press p 222 isbn 9781554889808 in his book canada s constitutional monarchy nathan tidridge argued that the creation of queen elizabeth ii s standard in 1961 set the country s official colours as red and white 32 swann conrad chapter i arms of dominion and sovereignty and public authority canada symbols of sovereignty an investigation of the arms and seals borne from the earliest times to the present in connection with public authority in and over canada along with consideration of some connected flags toronto university of toronto press hicks bruce the campaign to change the royal arms of canada hogtown heraldry 12 4 mccreery christopher january 2005 the order of canada its origins history and development toronto university of toronto press isbn 0 8020 3940 5 canadian heritage the arms of canada ottawa government of canada coat of arms ignores aboriginal people mp say cbc 20 june 2008 archived from the original on 22 june 2008 retrieved 20 june 2008 new royal emblems the governor general of canada 6 may 2023 archived from the original on 14 may 2023 retrieved 7 may 2023 ceremonial and procedural handbook of canada her majesty the queen in right of canada 2010 p 106 newman warren j 2017 some observations on the queen the crown the constitution and the courts pdf review of constitutional studies 22 1 edmonton centre for constitutional studies 63 retrieved 5 march 2023 1 2 3 treasury board of canada secretariat 10 may 2012 legal protection canada her majesty the queen in right of canada retrieved 23 april 2015 prime minister of canada the ministry office of the prime minister archived from the original on 2 october 2008 retrieved 1 october 2008 prime minister of canada premier ministre du canada office of the prime minister archived from the original on 30 september 2008 retrieved 1 october 2008 supreme court of canada welcome page supreme court of canada 4 september 2008 archived from the original on 9 october 2008 retrieved 1 october 2008 canadian forces department of history and heritage 2010 canadian forces dress instructions ottawa canadian armed forces national defence and the canadian forces forces gc ca 30 october 2008 archived from the original on 2 july 2008 retrieved 8 november 2008 royal canadian mounted police 7 april 2014 rcmp badges and insignia her majesty the queen of canada as represented by the minister of public safety archived from the original on 13 october 2016 retrieved 7 march 2016 46 47 48 check to protect pdf bank of canada banque du canada retrieved 1 october 2008 dead link royal canadian mint monnaie royale canadienne mint ca archived from the original on 4 december 2008 retrieved 21 november 2008 passport canada features of the passport passport canada archived from the original on 8 march 2009 retrieved 1 october 2008 permanent resident card immigration refugees and citizenship canada 23 january 2013 retrieved 11 march 2025 flags of the world february 2004 canadian coat of arms flag retrieved 14 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