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es subsection 5 1 security controversy and passenger profiling 5 2 treatment of female passengers 5 3 continued operation of flights to russia 6 destinations toggle destinations subsection 6 1 codeshare agreements 7 fleet toggle fleet subsection 7 1 current fleet 7 2 former fleet 7 3 livery 8 services toggle services subsection 8 1 frequent flyer program 8 2 lounge 8 3 cabin 8 4 in flight entertainment and wi fi 9 accidents and incidents toggle accidents and incidents subsection 9 1 terrorist attacks and incidents 9 2 politically motivated incidents which are not terrorist attacks 9 3 other accidents and incidents 10 notable employees toggle notable employees subsection 10 1 management 10 2 pilots 10 3 flight attendants 11 see also 12 notes 13 references 14 bibliography 15 external links toggle the table of contents el al 45 languages afrikaans العربية مصرى беларуская тарашкевіца bosanski català čeština dansk deutsch ελληνικά esperanto español eesti فارسی suomi français frysk galego עברית magyar bahasa indonesia italiano 日本語 한국어 ladino bahasa melayu nederlands norsk bokmål ਪੰਜਾਬੀ polski português română русский simple english slovenčina српски srpski svenska ไทย türkçe українська اردو tiếng việt ייִדיש 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide from wikipedia the free encyclopedia national airline of israel this article is about the israeli airline for the place in the golan formerly named el al see eliad golan heights el al israel airlines ltd אל על נתיבי אוויר לישראל בע מ شركة طيران العال الإسرائيلية المحدودة an el al boeing 787 9 iata icao call sign ly ely elal 1 founded 1948 78 years ago 1948 hubs ben gurion airport frequent flyer program matmid guest subsidiaries el al cargo sundor fleet size 47 2 destinations 49 traded as tase elal headquarters ben gurion airport israel key people amikam ben zvi chairman levi halevi ceo omry cohen coo employees 3 027 full time 1 583 part time 3 website elal com el al israel airlines ltd hebrew אל על נתיבי אוויר לישראל בע מ 4 trading as el al hebrew אל על upwards to the skies or skywards stylized as el על al אל is the flag carrier of the state of israel 5 6 since its inaugural flight from geneva to tel aviv in september 1948 the airline has grown to serve almost 50 destinations operating scheduled domestic and international services and cargo flights within israel and to europe the middle east the americas africa and the far east from its main base in ben gurion airport although it has been the target of many attempted hijackings and terror attacks there has only been one el al flight hijacking in history which ended without any loss of life 7 8 as israel s national airline el al has played an important role in humanitarian rescue efforts airlifting jews from other countries to israel setting the world record for the most passengers on a commercial aircraft single plane record of 1 088 passengers on a boeing 747 by operation solomon when 14 500 jewish refugees were transported from ethiopia in 1991 9 10 in 2012 el al operated an all boeing fleet of 42 aircraft flying over 4 million passengers and employed a staff of 6 056 globally the company s revenues for 2016 were 2 04 billion with losses of 81 million compared to a profit of 57 million in 2010 11 12 in 2018 the company s revenue was 7 7 billion with a net loss of 187 55 million 13 in july 2020 having lost hundreds of millions of dollars due to grounded flights and lay offs as a result of the covid 19 pandemic in israel and abroad the company reached a bailout deal with the government and eli rozenberg who purchased a controlling stake 42 85 in september of that year with the government purchasing any unwanted shares 15 14 el al offers only kosher in flight meals and does not fly passengers on the jewish shabbat or religious holidays 15 16 history edit 1948 1949 foundation first flights to europe edit chaim weizmann disembarks from an el al douglas dc 4 september 1948 el al lockheed constellation 1951 in september 1948 israel s first president chaim weizmann attended a conference in geneva switzerland weizmann was scheduled to fly back to israel in an israeli government aircraft but due to an embargo imposed on israel at the time an israeli c 54 military transport aircraft was instead converted into a civilian plane to transport weizmann home the aircraft was painted with the logo of the el al israel national aviation company and fitted with extra fuel tanks to enable a non stop flight from geneva to israel it departed from ekron air base on 28 september and returned to israel the next day after the flight the aircraft was repainted and returned to military use 17 citation needed the airline was incorporated and became israel s national flag carrier on 15 november 1948 although it used leased aircraft until february 1949 when two unpressurized dc 4s were purchased from american airlines the acquisition was funded by the government of israel the jewish agency and other jewish organizations the first plane arrived at lod airport later renamed ben gurion on 3 april 1949 aryeh pincus a lawyer from south africa was elected head of the company the first international flight from tel aviv to paris with refueling in rome took place on 31 july 1949 17 18 by the end of 1949 the airline had flown passengers to london and johannesburg a state run domestic airline israel inland airlines was founded in 1949 in which el al had a 50 stake when 17 from its earliest days the operation of the airline in keeping with jewish tradition has been a source of friction when the israeli prime minister david ben gurion was forming his first coalition the religious parties would not join unless ben gurion promised that el al would serve only kosher food and would not fly on the jewish sabbath 19 el al was named by david remez the first minister of transport based on hosea 11 they call el al upwards 20 1950s adding cargo service and destinations edit a curtiss commando freight aircraft of el al a regular service to london was inaugurated in the middle of 1950 later that year el al acquired universal airways which was owned by south african zionists el al s cargo service was inaugurated in 1950 and initially relied on military surplus curtiss c 46 commando aircraft the same aircraft type was used also for passengers transportation in certain routes 21 the same year the airline initiated charter services to the united states followed by scheduled flights soon after 17 from 1950 to 1951 el al expanded its activities in europe and added new destinations such as vienna and istanbul athens and nicosia on 31 july 1950 the company celebrated the first anniversary of its regular flight program kurdish jewish immigrants from iraq leaving lod airport 1951 in the background is a c 46 of el al affiliate near east air transport a bristol britannia of el al at farnborough airport just before delivery to the airline 1957 the airline was involved in several covert operations from 1949 22 to 1951 23 near east air transport neat airlifted migrants to israel most notably from yemen and iraq in operation magic carpet and operation ezra and nehemiah respectively neat originated as a spinoff from alaska airlines 22 but el al had complete control of it by 1951 24 and several el al aircraft flew under neat cover sometimes using cuban registrations 25 further information near east air transport in 1960 nazi war criminal adolf eichmann was captured and flown from argentina to israel on an el al aircraft 26 in 1955 after using lockheed constellations for several years the airline purchased two bristol britannia aircraft el al was the second airline in the world to fly this plane after the british overseas airways corporation in 1958 el al ran a newspaper advertisement in the united states featuring a picture of a shrunken atlantic ocean starting dec 23 the atlantic ocean will be 20 smaller to promote its non stop transatlantic flights 27 this was a bold step the airline industry had never used images of the ocean in its advertising because of the widespread public fear of airline crashes the advertisement which ran only once proved effective within a year el al s sales tripled 28 1951 british mechanic s residence permit for israel el al worker a 1951 el al pilot s early israeli passport 1960s turning profitable first boeings edit el al boeing 720 being serviced at london heathrow airport 1964 despite the purchase of its britannia and the inauguration of non stop transatlantic flights the airline remained unprofitable 17 further explanation needed when efraim ben arzi took over the company in the late 1950s the britannias were replaced in the next decade by the boeing 707 and boeing 720 jet airliners el al boeing 707 at orly airport paris 1965 the first year that el al turned a profit was 1960 that year more than 50 percent of the passengers flying into israel arrived on el al flights 17 on 15 june 1961 the airline set a world record for the longest non stop commercial flight an el al boeing 707 flew from new york to tel aviv covering 5 760 miles 9 270 km in 9 hours and 33 minutes 29 by this time el al was carrying 56 000 passengers a year on a par with qantas and ahead of established airlines like loftleiðir in 1961 el al ranked 35th in the world in accumulated passenger distance 30 el al s success continued into the late 1960s in 1968 regular flights to bucharest were inaugurated and cargo flights began to europe and the united states the airline also established a catering subsidiary teshet tourism and aviation services ltd all these ventures brought in a profit of 2 million that year 17 hijacking attempts edit see also el al flight 426 hijacking in 1968 el al experienced the first of many acts of terrorism that have been perpetrated against the airline on 23 july the only successful hijacking of an el al aircraft took place when a boeing 707 carrying 10 crew and 38 passengers were taken over by three members of the popular front for the liberation of palestine pflp the aircraft el al flight 426 which was en route from rome to tel aviv was diverted to algiers by the hijackers negotiations with the hijackers lasted for 40 days both the hijackers and the passengers including 21 israeli hostages were eventually freed 31 on 26 december of the same year two pflp members attacked an el al aircraft at athens international airport killing an israeli mechanic 32 the israel defense forces responded to the incident on 29 december with a night time raid on lebanon s beirut airport destroying 14 planes on the ground belonging to middle east airlines trans mediterranean airways and lebanese international airways 33 the military action was responsible for the demise of the lia which had most of its fleet destroyed citation needed on 18 february 1969 palestinians attacked an el al plane at zurich airport killing the copilot and injuring the pilot one palestinian attacker was killed and others were convicted but later released between september and december of that year bomb and grenade attacks occurred at el al offices in athens west berlin and brussels 34 page needed this wave of violence culminated in the failed hijacking of an el al 707 by patrick arguello and leila khaled on 6 september 1970 as part of the dawson s field hijackings 35 1970s going full boeing shabbat observance edit revenue passenger kilometers scheduled flights only in millions year traffic 1950 50 1955 138 1960 413 1965 1331 1969 2070 1971 3027 1980 4590 1985 6507 1995 11287 2000 14125 source icao digest of statistics for 1950 55 iata world air transport statistics 1960 2000 el al boeing 707 300b landing at zurich airport switzerland 1982 el al boeing 767 200 on short final to london heathrow airport 1985 el al acquired its first boeing 747 jet in 1971 many who felt it was a risky purchase given the high cost of the plane and fear of attacks but el al operations flourished after the purchase another boeing 747 was delivered in 1973 and was used to start non stop service from tel aviv to new york el al boeing 707s had flown eastward nonstop since around 1961 el al passengers and passengers from other airlines were attacked at lod airport in 1972 in an attack known as the lod airport massacre in the mid 1970s el al began to schedule flights from airports outside of israel that departed on the jewish shabbat and landed in israel after it had finished however the religious parties in the government were outraged by this change believing that it was a violation of jewish law and contrary to the agreement signed in the early days of the state in which el al promised to refrain from flying on the sabbath in 1982 the newly re elected prime minister menachem begin brought before the knesset a vote to ban sabbath flights once again it passed by a vote of 58 to 54 36 outraged the secular community threatened to boycott the airline in august 1982 el al workers blocked orthodox and hasidic jews from entering the airport 19 in 1977 el al established a charter subsidiary el al charter services ltd later renamed sun d or international airlines ltd two years earlier the airline had suffered its first losses since the late 1950s largely a product of the global recession the management changed three times towards the end of the 1970s until itzhak shander was named president clarification needed as the political situation in iran deteriorated el al began to airlift jews to israel all the airline s infrastructure in iran was eventually destroyed 17 1980s to cairo from receivership to profitability edit el al flights to cairo were inaugurated in april 1980 following the egypt israel peace treaty 29 in late 1982 after a long period of labor disputes and strikes el al operations were suspended the government appointed amram blum to run the company which lost 123 3 million in the fiscal year ending april 1983 37 17 clarification needed the airline also sold its stake in arkia at this time citation needed operations resumed in january 1983 under receivership the government purchased two new boeing 737 aircraft and announced plans to acquire four boeing 767 jets at the cost of 200 million within four years el al was profitable again 17 it broke another record since then surpassed in may 1988 with a non stop flight from los angeles to tel aviv a journey of 7 000 nautical miles 13 000 km in 13 hours and 41 minutes 29 clarification needed flights to poland and yugoslavia were started in 1989 17 1990s end of receivership ethiopian jews airlifted edit in january 1990 north american airlines began providing feeder services to el al s us destinations el al held a 24 9 percent stake in the airline until sell...
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