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description= Reflections on books and art;
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s final revisions cut apart from anything else gatsby is a masterpiece of excision and concentration this is the kind of extended analysis which lifts this book well above the level of a normal biography the riviera in may 1924 they set sail for europe again now with daughter and nanny they enjoyed paris more than the first time three years earlier for the simple reason that there were more americans and friends there than last time they were introduced to gerald and sara murphy plugged in to the expat scene who encouraged them to come to the riviera that summer so they took the train south and after trying various villas settled on the villa marie in valescure then the same pattern established itself zelda was bored so scott felt guilty locking himself away to work on his writing and was relieved when they got to know neighbours their own age and could invite them over they were french air force officers and soon she was having an affair with gorgeous lieutenant edouard jozan in july 1924 there was some kind of crisis indicated by an entry in scott s diary which he called his ledger since it primarily recorded the writing completion and sale of his stories the story they told friends varied and the lieutenant in question barely remembered it years later but it rocked the fitzgerald marriage when she was placed in a psychiatric hospital in 1930 zelda wrote an autobiography for her doctor revealing that the two most important emotional events in her life were her marriage which thrust her into a world for which i was not qualified or prepared because of my inadequate education and her affair with jozan a love affair with a french aviator in saint raphael i was locked in my villa for one month to prevent me from seeing him maybe zelda felt it meant there was no way out no relief from being trapped with a boring novelist in september they went to stay with the murphys and zelda tried to commit suicide with an overdose of sleeping pills according to le vot she had become aware of her profound dependence that she was nothing without scott and this loss of confidence of doubt would afflict her for the rest of her life but le vot speculates that fitzgerald used it he incorporated his own surprise and anguish into the scene where tom buchanan learns that his wife had an affair with a young officer who is now trying to seduce her away le vot speculates that the real life events supplied the energy which make the hotel scene in gatsby so electrifying more le vot points out how fitzgerald gave more or less the same words to a french officer barban who s in love with dick diver s wife in the similar scene in tender is the night your wife doesn t love you she s never loved you she loves me jozan buchanan barban the rhyme indicates the identity of avatar and situation scott finished gatsby and settled in to doing the proofs his friend ring lardner came to stay with his family he had clear ideas about the design and publishing he wanted no commendatory blurbs i m tired of being the author of this side of paradise he informed perkins and i want to start over p 179 rome in november 1924 scott and zelda drove in easy stages to rome the pope had declared 1925 a holy year and the city was already packed they couldn t find good accommodation it was cold and rainy zelda came down with stomach pains and they both resented the arrogance of the fascisti who had come to power two years earlier all this triggered scott s entertaining xenophobia i hate italy and the italians so violently that i can t bring myself to write about them for the post unless they d like an article called pope siphilis the sixth and his morons or something like that p 180 they went to capri where they met the gay expatriate crowd including one of fitzgerald s student heroes compton mackenzie who he now considered old hat from there he sent final proofs to scribners insisting on their being accurately actioned and drawing a letter of real admiration from perkins but sales are not good the pair drive back to paris and take a room near the champs elysees for 8 months scott cracking straight on with editing the next collection of short stories and planning the next novel hemingway 1925 fitzgerald and ernest hemingway first met in april 1925 in le dingo a bar on the rue delambre at the time hemingway had been working as a journalist and was struggling to become a professional writer having published a handful of stories and poems scott had discovered hemingway via an article written about him by edward wilson in the dial he recognised the younger man s novelty and integrity and set out to meet him in paris in the year gatsby was published hemingway wrote a first draft of the sun also rises and rewrote in our time when liveright refused to publish his parody the torrents of spring fitzgerald was instrumental in getting hemingway signed to scribners he intervened directly in the writing advising hemingway to cut long authorial comments in the killers and fifty grand le vot usefully sums up hemingway s aesthetic the aesthetic implicitly developed in hemingway s short stories confining action to the present and showing it exclusively through the characters words and gestures at a specific moment and in a specific place the characters historical cultural or biographical contexts were merely suggested by their behaviour introductions trying to establish a time perspective were therefore artistic errors and he goes on to give a brilliant comparison the dominant principle in hemingway s literary world is not time its fundamental unit is the moment and the overall effect is not procured by accumulation of these units but by their juxtaposition their constant recurrence their uninterrupted closely meshed sequence this is an aesthetic diametrically opposed to fitzgerald s which was based on a keen sense of the past s survival in the present in fitzgerald s work the present moment is always charged with nostalgia or hope is necessarily defined by the past or the future whether of a character a group or a civilization the time perspective that dictates action and the fate of the heroes in fitzgerald s work justifies long backward glances and precise historical patterning in hemingway s work these would violate his aesthetic laws and so scott persuaded hemingway to cut the long introduction to the sun the first 16 pages giving all the characters back stories dilemmas he could live with zelda in a festival tumult or live as he would have preferred and as he did live while writing the great gatsby he could accept the pleasure of existing with no responsibility except writing for the saturday evening post or heed the call of a higher vocation that could be answered only through self abnegation the basic alternative appeared in almost allegorical terms after he came to know the murphys and hemingway to expend his talent in living or in writing le vot devotes pages to giving a potted biography of gerald murphy a much more cultured and sophisticated man than scott who ingratiated himself in the circles of diaghilev picasso cocteau and so on and then made himself a ringmaster of socialising on the riviera from his base at the villa america at la garoupe le vot explains how gerald was transformed into dick diver as seen through the adoring young eyes of rosemary hoyt in tender is the night scott had started his next novel but it was to be ill fated and nine years before it was published five years were spent going down a blind alley of having the central character having murdered his mother 1926 they left paris to stay in a rented house at the foot of the pyrenees zelda was ill in february rights were sold to make gatsby a play and then a movie netting him 20 000 allowing him to pay off all his debts in the spring they motored back to the riviera and the gang all reassembled france was in depression and a dollar bought 36 francs so the yanks could live like millionaires the murphys had many new friends and admirers and so fitzgerald found himself taking a more jaded disillusioned view of them his drunk stupid behaviour at a restaurant meal when he was jealous of hemingway he seemed to set out to wound people he dropped to all fours pulled the entrance mat of the casino on his back and pretended to be an animal growling he would argue with adversaries like a nightclub bouncer then collapse at their feet his friends dos passos murphy correctly saw this as overgrown student japes scott was encouraged by charles macarthur who became in le vot s words his evil genius the pair set out to make an off colour home movie at one point painting big four letter words on the walls of the house of actress grace moore by now scott had positioned himself in the group as the class clown drunk and fool he was often embarrassing reading a list of his stunts makes you think of him as a complete tosser someone completely different from the sensitive poet who composed gatsby by the summer of 1926 scott had definitively alienated the murphys but hemingway just back from his regular summer trip to pamplona had also cooled on him hemingway and demoralisation le vot devotes a few pages to the theory that hemingway had a catastrophically demoralising impact on fitzgerald s writing so convinced was he that hemingway was the real thing not only a man of action who had been in the war but the next great american novelist that fitzgerald was in a sense able to delegate to him the duty of worrying about the way forward of fretting about writing the big one hemingway had already staked out the territory he had wanted to explore had already discovered the formula that nullified all fitzgerald s searching and rendered obsolete the complex architecture in gatsby and so work on the next novel he had been so keen on immediately following gatsby stalled and stopped later in the 1930s fitzgerald considered he d had no real friendship with hemingway since 1926 1927 at the end of 1926 they sailed back to new york scott took up an invitation to go stay in hollywood to write a script for a movie called lipstick 3 500 for writing the script and 12 000 if it was accepted here scott carried on playing the fool and turned out a facile princeton fairy tale script which was rejected the main event was scott becoming very friendly with a lovely young actress named lois moran which drove zelda wild with jealousy the image of an actress struggling with a difficult profession finally replaced the carefree flapper in his fiction they moved back east but rejected new york and instead rented a huge house with massive gardens in delaware they had parties drank too much made fools of themselves zelda took up a correspondence with carl van vecht pouring out her heart to him in long letters she took up painting and then she took up ballet going three times a week for lessons in philadelphia zelda was living in her own world now entirely cut off from the real world around her 1928 le vot describes an awful weekend when they invited zelda s sister rosalind and her husband newman smith to stay that evening scott picked a fight with zelda smashed one of her favourite vases when she remonstrated he smacked her round the face when her sister intervened zelda turned on her and the two men had to intervene to separate the sisters he read sections of the new novel to wilson who liked the writing but thought the subject an intellectual murder combined with the deterioration of a young man exposed to the refined existence of expatriates of the riviera too complicated in april 1928 they sailed for paris and rented rooms on the left bank not far from the murphys resuming their friendship he is introduced to the poor young novelist andré chamson who he promotes he discusses movies with king vidor he is invited for an unforgettable evening dinner with james joyce he got in trouble with the police twice october 1928 they sailed back to new york as he had been doing for 2 years scott promised perkins the new novel in sections and sent the first two chapters but after that nothing he had to be bailed out of a police cell more than once 1929 in march they sailed for europe for genoa on to nice where scott kicked up a drunken row at the casino and was taken to a police cell by april they were back in paris hemingway was there but he didn t give them his address scott resumed his friendship with chamfort and a new friend poet allen tate zelda continued her obsession with ballet rehearsing all the time this is the place le vot chooses to tell us their sex life had dwindled since she took up ballet in any case scott had always thought of himself as the more passive feminine partner according to some evidence zelda literally belittled him by saying his penis was too small to satisfy her she also accused him of being gay for hemingway and this accusation went the rounds although le vot says the gossip macalmon just as readily accused hemingway of being gay so in july they went south on the now regular pilgrimage but not to antibes to cannes he went to visit the murphys but nowadays subjected them to penetrating analysis and endless questions which ended up really pissing them off his health was bad over a decade of alcohol abuse was producing symptoms such as shakiness and coughing blood he now needed alcohol before he could start writing zelda was as obsessed as ever with ballet doing a class every morning and training every afternoon every weekday then on october 24 1929 came the crash on wall street the start of the great depression fitzgerald s worst fears the intimations of disaster that had haunted even his first stories were now realized the depression that would ruin his country became confused in his mind with his own physical moral and emotional ruin p 246 dos passos passed through paris and noted the sad decline in both scott drinking heavily and zelda not in her right mind on 10 december 1929 poet and publisher harry crosby founder of the black sun press which published works by hemingway d h lawrence hart crane james joyce killed himself 1930 in february they took a cruise to algeria scott liked it well enough but bereft of her obsessive ballet practice zelda felt abandoned and anxious scott was to write a series of stories based on ginevra king and the world of 16 year old romance renamed josephine back in paris friends witnessed her obsession about attending her ballet classes come what may also her growing conviction that everyone was talking about her behind her back zelda s first breakdown zelda s reputation was rehabilitated by the ground breaking biography written by nancy milford more recently this was superseded by zelda fitzgerald by sally cline published in 2002 23 april 1930 ten years after her marriage zelda s mental condition became so alarming that a doctor advised treatment at the malmaison clinic just west of paris she arrived in a state of extreme nervousness and anxiety 2 may zelda insisted on being released but continued to suffer from hallu...
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