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y rates were 1 the u s 20 2 luxembourg 21 3 new zealand 22 4 japan 23 and 5 austria 25 the 2007 report showed that the asia pacific region was associated with the highest amount of loss in terms of u s dollars with 14 090 000 followed by the european union with a loss of 12 383 000 the lowest amount of u s dollars was lost in the middle east africa region where 2 446 000 was documented 91 in its 2011 report conducted in partnership with idc and ipsos public affairs the bsa stated over half of the world s personal computer users 57 percent admit to pirating software the ninth annual bsa global software piracy study claims that the commercial value of this shadow market of pirated software was worth us 63 4 billion in 2011 with the highest commercial value of pirated pc software existent in the u s during that time period us 9 773 000 according to the 2011 study zimbabwe was the nation with the highest piracy rate at 92 while the lowest piracy rate was present in the u s at 19 72 the gao noted in 2010 that the bsa s research up until that year defined piracy as the difference between total installed software and legitimate software sold and its scope involved only packaged physical software 84 music industry estimates edit in 2007 the institute for policy innovation ipi reported that music piracy took 12 5 billion from the u s economy according to the study musicians and those involved in the recording industry are not the only ones who experience losses attributed to music piracy retailers have lost over a billion dollars while piracy has resulted in 46 000 fewer production level jobs and almost 25 000 retail jobs the u s government was also reported to suffer from music piracy losing 422 million in tax revenue 92 a 2007 study in the journal of political economy found that the effect of music downloads on legal music sales was statistically indistinguishable from zero 93 a report from 2013 released by the european commission joint research centre suggests that illegal music downloads have almost no effect on the number of legal music downloads the study analyzed the behavior of 16 000 european music consumers and found that although music piracy negatively affects offline music sales illegal music downloads had a positive effect on legal music purchases without illegal downloading legal purchases were about two percent lower 94 the study has received criticism particularly from the international federation of the phonographic industry which believes the study is flawed and misleading one argument against the research is that many music consumers only download music illegally the ifpi also points out that music piracy affects not only online music sales but also multiple facets of the music industry which is not addressed in the study 95 media industry estimates edit in a march 2019 article the new york times reported that the qatar based bein media group suffered billions of dollars of losses following the unilateral cancellation of an exclusive contract it shared with the asian football confederation afc for the past 10 years the decision by the afc to invalidate its license for broadcasting rights to air games in saudi arabia came after the kingdom was accused of leading a piracy operation through its television broadcaster beoutq misappropriating sports content owned by bein sports since 2017 worth billions of dollars 96 in january 2020 the european commission released a report on protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights in third countries the report named as many as 13 countries including argentina brazil china ecuador india indonesia and saudi arabia the last being included for the first time the report said piracy is causing considerable harm to eu businesses and high economic losses have occurred in argentina china ecuador and india it also informed saudi arabia has not taken sufficient steps to stop the infringement caused via beoutq like other countries have to minimize the extent of financial and economic loss 97 criticism of industry estimates edit some claims made by industry representatives have been criticized as overestimating the monetary loss caused by copyright infringement in one example the riaa claimed damages against limewire totaling 75 trillion more than the global gdp with the judge overseeing the case ruling that such claims were absurd 98 the 75 trillion figure had been obtained by counting each song downloaded as an infringement of copyright after the conclusion of the case limewire agreed to pay 105 million to riaa 99 in another decision us district court judge james p jones found that the riaa s request problematically assumes that every illegal download resulted in a lost sale 100 indicating profit loss estimates were likely extremely off critics of industry estimates argue that those who use peer to peer sharing services or practice piracy are actually more likely to pay for music a jupiter research study in 2000 found that napster users were 45 percent more likely to have increased their music purchasing habits than online music fans who don t use the software were 101 this indicated that users of peer to peer sharing did not hurt the profits of the music industry but in fact may have increased it professor aram sinnreich in his book the piracy crusade states that the connection between declining music sales and the creation of peer to peer file sharing sites such as napster is tenuous based on correlation rather than causation he argues that the industry at the time was undergoing artificial expansion what he describes as a perfect bubble a confluence of economic political and technological forces that drove the aggregate value of music sales to unprecedented heights at the end of the twentieth century sinnreich cites multiple causes for the economic bubble including the cd format replacement cycle the shift from music specialty stores to wholesale suppliers of music and minimum advertised pricing and the economic expansion of 1991 2001 he believes that with the introduction of new digital technologies the bubble burst and the industry suffered as a result 102 economic impact of infringement in emerging markets edit the 2011 business software alliance piracy study standard estimated the total commercial value of illegally copied software to be at 59 billion in 2010 with emerging markets accounting for 31 9 billion over half of the total furthermore mature markets for the first time received fewer pc shipments than emerging economies in 2010 in addition with software infringement rates of 68 percent comparing to 24 percent of mature markets emerging markets thus possessed the majority of the global increase in the commercial value of counterfeit software china continued to have the highest commercial value of such software at 8 9 billion among developing countries and second in the world behind the us at 9 7 billion in 2011 103 104 in 2011 the business software alliance announced that 83 percent of software deployed on pcs in africa had been pirated excluding south africa 105 some countries distinguish corporate piracy from private use which is tolerated as a welfare service citation needed this is the leading reason developing countries refuse to accept or respect copyright laws traian băsescu the president of romania stated that piracy helped the young generation discover computers it set off the development of the it industry in romania 106 pro free culture organizations edit main articles anti copyright and free culture movement free software foundation fsf open source initiative osi electronic frontier foundation eff creative commons cc demand progress fight for the future pirate party plan s by major funders of scientific research anti copyright infringement organizations edit business software alliance bsa canadian alliance against software theft caast entertainment software association esa federation against copyright theft fact federation against software theft fast international intellectual property alliance iipa copyright alliance see also edit abandonware in re aimster copyright litigation copy protection anti piracy australian copyright law cable television piracy center for copyright information comparison of anti plagiarism software computer associates int inc v altai inc copyfraud copyleft copyright aspects of downloading and streaming copyright designs and patents act 1988 copyrighted content on file sharing networks copyright remedy clarification act criminal remedies for copyright infringement elektra records co v gem electronic distributors inc fair use fbi federation against copyright theft fact intellectual property in china internet privacy act jacobsen v katzer legal aspects of copyright infringement missionary church of kopimism online piracy open letter to hobbyists pirated movie release types plagiarism playboy enterprises inc v frena product activation public domain radio music ripping software copyright software cracking trade group efforts against file sharing trans pacific partnership video copy detection video game piracy warez windows genuine advantage world anti piracy observatory wapo references edit a b c dowling v united states 1985 473 u s 207 pp 217 218 a b mpaa banned from using piracy and theft terms in hotfile trial 29 november 2013 archived from the original on 30 november 2013 retrieved 30 november 2013 mpaa banned from using piracy and theft terms in hotfile trial archived from the original on 3 december 2013 retrieved 30 november 2013 a b c d matt eaton 17 april 2014 tribeca film festival programmer urges film industry to forget piracy and embrace internet abc news retrieved 21 april 2014 nick ross 8 april 2014 game of thrones another case for piracy abc technology games abc retrieved 21 april 2014 piracy dictionary com 2014 retrieved 21 april 2014 a b c panethiere darrell july september 2005 the persistence of piracy the consequences for creativity for culture and for sustainable development pdf unesco e 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exclusive rights in copyrighted works lii legal information institute mcdonald paul and janet wasko the contemporary hollywood film industry malden ma blackwell pub 2008 print p 202 mcdonald paul and janet wasko the contemporary hollywood film industry malden ma blackwell pub 2008 print p 203 u s copyright office information circular copyright gov retrieved 27 january 2012 piracy and copyright in australia howard smith of geelong 19 february 2015 archived from the original on 19 february 2015 retrieved 19 february 2015 u s copyright office copyright law chapter 5 copyright gov retrieved 27 january 2012 act of 6 january 1897 ch 4 29 stat 481 82 miriam bitton 2012 rethinking the anti counterfeiting trade agreement s criminal copyright enforcement measures the journal of criminal law criminology 102 1 67 117 the anti counterfeiting trade agreement summary of key elements under discussion pdf transparency paper swiss federation of intellectual property november 2009 retrieved 8 june 2010 united states of america v david lamacchia memorandum of decision and order on defendant s motion to dismiss 28 december 1994 your interview michael geist cbc news 7 april 2008 archived from the original on 12 april 2008 downloading music for personal non commercial purposes is arguably legal in canada due to the private copying levy which places a levy on blank media such as blank cds the private copying levy does not extend to video as it only covers sound recordings making a personal copy of a music cds is also covered by the private copying levy dozwolony użytek prywatny fundacja nowoczesna polska retrieved 1 january 2014 the amount of the levy payable for making private copies of a protected work may not take unlawful reproductions into account pdf court of justice of the european union 10 april 2014 canada deems p2p downloading legal cnet news 12 december 2003 retrieved 27 december 2012 for a discussion see copyright infringement advisor archived 13 april 2014 at the wayback 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