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e kingdom of tahiti royaume de tahiti french 1788 91 1880 top 1788 1843 bottom 1843 1880 coat of arms status independent kingdom 1788 91 1842 french protectorate 1842 1880 capital papeete from 1847 common languages tahitian french religion tahitian christianity government absolute monarchy monarch 1788 91 1803 pōmare i first 1877 1880 pōmare v last history founded by pōmare i 1788 91 consolidated power after battle of te feipī 12 november 1815 establishment of the french protectorate 9 september 1842 franco tahitian war 1843 1847 french protectorate 1 january 1847 annexation by france and dissolution 29 june 1880 currency french franc pound sterling preceded by succeeded by history of tahiti french polynesia today part of french polynesia the kingdom of tahiti or the tahitian kingdom was a polynesian monarchy founded by paramount chief pōmare i who with the aid of british missionaries and traders and european weaponry unified the islands of tahiti moʼorea tetiʻaroa and mehetiʻa the kingdom eventually annexed the tuamotus and the austral islands rapa iti rurutu rimatara tubuai raivavae its leaders were christian following the baptism of pomare ii its progressive rise and recognition by europeans allowed tahiti to remain free from a planned spanish colonization as well as other european claims to the islands the kingdom was one of a number of independent polynesian states in oceania alongside ra iātea huahine bora bora hawaii samoa tonga rarotonga and niue in the 19th century the kingdom is known for bringing a period of peace and cultural and economic prosperity to the islands over the reign of the five tahitian monarchs tahiti and its dependencies transformed into french protectorates in 1842 and largely annexed as a colony of france in 1880 after pomare v was convinced to give tahiti and its dependencies to france the monarchy was therefore abolished shortly after the annexation though there are still pretenders history edit beginning edit pōmare i founder of the pōmare dynasty and king of tahiti pōmare i was born at pare ca 1743 he was the second son of teu tunuieaiteatua by his wife tetupaia i hauiri he initially reigned under the regency of his father he succeeded on the death of his father as ariʻi rahi of porionuʻu 23 november 1802 in terms of european influence in the period immediately encompassing the period of pomare i the attempt at colonization by the spaniards in 1774 was followed by the settlement of thirty persons brought in 1797 by the missionary ship duff though befriended by pomare i who lived until 1805 they had many difficulties especially from the constant wars and at length they fled with pomare ii to eimeo and ultimately to new south wales they returned in 1812 when pomare renounced heathenism 1 pomare was the tahitian chieftain on good terms with the british the additional british captains arriving at tahiti accepted his claim to hegemony they gave him guns in trade and helped him in his battles captain james cook gave him the advantage in a number of battles with rival forces during his last stay in tahiti circa 1777 2 british missionaries arrived sent by a non denominational protestant group called the london missionary society pomare befriended the missionaries and the missionaries favored both peace and pomare but with the british unwilling to send concrete aid to assist pomare in his attempts to create order among the islands the missionaries were unable to stop the warring as king pōmare i succeeded in uniting the different chiefdoms of tahiti into a single kingdom composed of the islands of tahiti itself moʻorea mehetiʻa and the tetiʻaroa group his service as the first king of unified tahiti ended when he abdicated in 1791 but he remained the regent of tahiti from 1791 until 1803 he married four times and had two sons and three daughters by now islanders were passing to each other diseases that had arrived with the europeans diseases for which they had not developed immunity many islanders were dying in 1803 pomare died his son otu became head of the family with the title pomare ii tū tūnuiʻēʻaiteatua pōmare ii reigned 1803 1821 the missionaries remained allied with the pomare family despite their pacifism they wanted to see pomare ii successful in uniting the islanders under his rule consolidation edit pomare ii edit further information pōmare ii king pomare ii pōmare ii king of tahiti 1774 7 december 1821 was the second king of tahiti between 1782 and 1821 he was installed by his father pōmare i at tarahoi 13 february 1791 he ruled under regency from 1782 to 1803 initially recognised as supreme sovereign and ariʻi maro ʻura by the ruler of huahine he was subsequently forced to take refuge in moʻorea 22 december 1808 after being driven from tahiti by a coalition of rival chiefs but returned and defeated his enemies at the battle of te feipī he was thereafter recognized as undisputed king of tahiti moʻorea and its dependencies other chieftains on tahiti became fed up with what they saw as pomare s pretensions of power and in 1808 they drove him from tahiti to the nearby island of eimeo moorea these other chieftains hostile towards the missionaries which caused the missionaries to leave tahiti for other islands a scene from the battle of te feipī by william ellis pomare organized military support from his kinsmen on the islands of raiatea bora bora and huahine warring resumed with pomare winning the decisive battle of te fe i pī on 12 november 1815 his victory was a victory also for the christians and in victory pomare surprised the tahitians he pardoned all who laid down their weapons when defeated warriors returned from the hills they found their homes had not been set afire and that their wives and children had not been slaughtered the warfare culture of the islanders had been changed by the influence that the missionaries had on pomare ii centralized authority among chiefs was not traditional in tahiti 3 but the missionaries welcomed pomare s new power distress from disease civil war and death won for them serious attention to their teachings they launched a campaign to teach the islanders to read so they could read scripture there were mass conversions in hope of the supernatural protections that christianity offered the missionaries told the islanders how to dress the climate was suitable to exposing the skin to the greater cool of open air but for the missionaries the temperature was of no consideration wearing full clothing for them was preferable to wearing little to none another lifestyle promoted by the missionaries was manufacturing the missionaries setting up a sugar refinery and a textile factory in 1817 tahiti acquired its first printing press and in 1819 cotton sugar and coffee crops were planted pomare ii asked the missionaries for advice on laws and the missionaries being monarchists and wanting pomare to be a proper monarch advised him that the laws would have to be his not theirs they did make suggestions however and in september 1819 pomare produced tahiti s first written law there was protection of life and property observance of sabbath a sanctification of marriage and a judiciary to maintain the laws pōmare was married to queen tetua nui taro vahine he was baptised 16 may 1819 at the royal chapel papeʻete three london missionary society missionaries henry bicknell william henry and charles wilson preached at the baptism of king pomare ii pomare died of drink related causes at motu uta papeete 7 december 1821 pomare ii died in 1824 at the age of forty two leaving behind an eight year old daughter and a five year old son the son teriʻi ta ria and pōmare iii ruled in name from 1821 to 1827 while being educated by the missionaries he died in 1827 of an unknown disease and the daughter then eleven became queen pōmare iv pomare iii edit pōmare iii was the king of tahiti between 1821 and 1827 he was the second son of pōmare ii he was born at papaʻoa ʻarue 25 june 1820 as teri i ta ria and was baptised on 10 september 1820 he succeeded to the throne on the death of his father he was crowned at papaʻoa ʻarue 21 april 1824 pomare iii s education took place at the south sea academy papetoai moʻorea he reigned under a council of regency until his death 8 january 1827 during his reign the kingdom s first flag was adopted he was succeeded by his sister ʻaimata pōmare iv vahine o punuateraʻitua who reigned 1827 1877 4 pōmare iv edit queen pōmare iv pōmare iv queen of tahiti 28 february 1813 17 september 1877 more properly ʻaimata pōmare iv vahine o punuateraʻitua otherwise known as ʻaimata meaning eye eater after an old custom of the ruler to eat the eye of the defeated foe or simply as pōmare iv was the queen of tahiti between 1827 and 1877 5 she was the daughter of pōmare ii she succeeded as ruler of tahiti after the death of her brother pōmare iii when she was only 14 years old she succeeded in reuniting ra ʻ iatea and porapora borabora with the kingdom of tahiti she hosted numerous britons including charles darwin return of the pitcairn islanders edit by 1829 of those who had arrived at pitcairn on hms bounty in 1790 only seven remained but with their offspring they numbered 86 the supply of timber on pitcairn was decreasing and the availability of water was erratic since the end of the napoleonic wars the pitcairn islanders had been discovered by and had friendly contact with the royal navy and british authorities in 1830 tahiti s queen pomare iv invited the pitcairners to return to tahiti and in march 1831 a british ship transported them there the tahitians welcomed the pitcairners and offered them land but having been isolated and not having developed any immunity to the diseases now on tahiti the pitcairners suffered from disease in alarming number fourteen of them died the tahitians took up a collection for the surviving pitcairners and for 500 a whaling captain took them back to pitcairn 6 french protectorate edit main article franco tahitian war abel aubert du petit thouars flag 1843 1880 proclamation ceremony for the protectorate in 1842 in 1842 a european crisis involving morocco escalated between france and great britain when admiral abel aubert du petit thouars acting independently of the french government convinced tahiti s queen pomare iv to accept a french protectorate george pritchard a birmingham born missionary and acting british consul had been away at the time however he returned to work towards influencing the locals against the influence of the catholic french in november 1843 dupetit thouars again on his own initiative landed sailors on the island annexing it to france he then threw pritchard into prison subsequently sending him back to britain 7 during this time thouars managed to convince pomare iv to sign to putting her country under the protection of france although he was not empowered to do so nor was he ever sanctioned in this regard news of tahiti reached europe in early 1844 the french statesman françois guizot supported by king louis philippe of france had denounced annexation of the island and the treaty was never ratified by france however the french did have an interest in the region and the treaty was enforced from its signing by various factions the franco tahitian war between the tahitians and french went from 1843 to 1847 pomare iv ruled under french administration from 1843 until 1877 while the dynasty retained their title for some time they lost outright control of their country death of pomare iv edit pomare iv died from natural causes in 1877 she is buried in the royal mausoleum papa ʻ oa ʻ arue she was succeeded by pōmare v who reigned 1877 1880 pomare v and forced abdication edit pōmare v the last king of tahiti 1877 1880 tomb of the king utu ai ai arue pōmare v king of tahiti 3 november 1839 12 june 1891 was the last king of tahiti reigning from 1877 until his forced abdication in 1880 he was the son of queen pōmare iv he was born as teri i tari a te rā tane and became heir apparent and crown prince ari i aue upon the death of his elder brother on 13 may 1855 he became king of tahiti on the death of his mother on 17 september 1877 his coronation was on 24 september 1877 at pape ete he married twice first on 11 november 1857 to te mā ri i ma i hara te uhe a te uru ra i princess of huahine he divorced her on 5 august 1861 his second marriage was to joanna mara u ta aroa te pa u salmon thereafter known as her majesty the queen marau of tahiti at pape ete on 28 january 1875 he divorced her on 25 january 1888 pomare v had one son and two daughters the island of tahiti and most of its satellites remained a french protectorate until the late 19th century when king pomare v 1842 1891 was forced to cede the sovereignty of tahiti and its dependencies to france on 29 june 1880 he gave tahiti and its dependencies to france whereupon he was given a pension by french government and the titular position of officer of the orders of the legion of honour and agricultural merit of france on 9 november 1880 he died from alcoholism at the royal palace pape ete and is buried at the tomb of the king utu ai ai in arue monarchs of tahiti 1791 1880 edit main articles list of monarchs of tahiti and pōmare dynasty later claimants edit as of february 2009 tauatomo mairau claimed to be the heir to the tahitian throne and attempted to re assert the status of the monarchy in court his claims were not recognised by france 8 9 in 2010 he became pretender to the throne and claimed the title prince marau of tahiti 10 he was working to have royal trust lands returned to him and his family the french government mortgaged the land after world war ii and in doing so violated the terms of the agreement signed with pomare v in 1880 which reserved control of the trust lands for the royal family of tahiti the banks may be in the process of freezing the assets and mairau sued to prevent native tahitians from being evicted from his trust lands and wished for them to retain their usage rights over the land 11 he died in may 2013 on 28 may 2009 joinville pomare an adopted member of the pomare family declared himself king pomare xi during a ceremony attended by descendants of leading chiefs but spurned by members of his own family 12 other members of the family recognise his uncle léopold pomare as heir to the throne 13 notable tahitians edit royalty and chieftains edit pōmare i king of tahiti pōmare ii king of tahiti teriʻitoʻoterai teremoemoe queen regent of tahiti teriʻitaria ariʻipaeavahine queen regent of tahiti queen regnant of huahine pōmare iii king of tahiti pōmare iv queen regnant of tahiti ariʻifaʻaite prince consort of tahiti pōmare v king of tahiti marau salmon queen consort of tahiti tamatoa v prince of tahiti later king of raiatea teriʻiourumaona princess of tahiti and raiatea designated heir as pōmare vi teriʻivaetua princess of tahiti and raiatea heiress presumptive of her uncle teriʻimaevarua iii princess of tahiti and raiatea later queen of bora bora te...
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