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ory different from the current status was held on november 6 2012 sixty one percent 61 of voters chose the statehood option while one third of the ballots were submitted blank 70 71 on december 11 2012 the legislative assembly of puerto rico enacted a concurrent resolution requesting the president and the congress of the united states to respond to the referendum of the people of puerto rico held on november 6 2012 to end its current form of territorial status and to begin the process to admit puerto rico as a state 72 another status referendum was held on june 11 2017 wherein 97 percent of voters chose statehood turnout was low as only 23 of voters went to the polls with advocates of both continued territorial status and independence urging voters to boycott it 73 on june 27 2018 the h r 6246 act was introduced on the u s house with the purpose of responding to and comply with the democratic will of the united states citizens residing in puerto rico as expressed in the plebiscites held on november 6 2012 and june 11 2017 by setting forth the terms for the admission of the territory of puerto rico as a state of the union 74 the act has 37 original cosponsors between republicans and democrats in the u s house of representatives 75 on november 3 2020 puerto rico held another referendum in the non binding referendum puerto ricans voted in favor of becoming a state they also voted for a pro statehood governor pedro pierluisi 76 washington d c main article district of columbia statehood movement the intention of the founding fathers was that the united states capital should be at a neutral site not giving favor to any existing state as a result the district of columbia was created in 1800 to serve as the seat of government as it is not a state the district does not have representation in the senate and has a non voting delegate in the house neither does it have a sovereign elected government additionally before ratification of the 23rd amendment in 1961 district citizens did not get the right to vote in presidential elections the strong majority of residents of the district support statehood of some form for that jurisdiction either statehood for the whole district or for the inhabited part with the remainder remaining under federal jurisdiction in november 2016 washington d c residents voted in a statehood referendum in which 86 of voters supported statehood for washington d c 77 for statehood to be achieved it must be approved by congress 78 secession from the union main article secession in the united states the constitution speaks of union several times but does not explicitly discuss the issue of whether a state can secede from the union its predecessor the articles of confederation stated that the union of the united states shall be perpetual the question of whether or not individual states held the unilateral right to secession was a passionately debated feature of the nations political discourse from early in its history and remained a difficult and divisive topic until the american civil war in 1860 and 1861 11 southern states each declared secession from the united states and joined to form the confederate states of america csa following the defeat of confederate forces by union armies in 1865 those states were brought back into the union during the ensuing reconstruction era the federal government never recognized the sovereignty of the csa nor the validity of the ordinances of secession adopted by the seceding states 6 79 following the war the united states supreme court in texas v white 1869 held that states did not have the right to secede and that any act of secession was legally void drawing on the perpetual union language of the articles of confederation and its succeeding preamble to the constitution which states that the constitution intends to form a more perfect union and speaks of the people of the united states a single body politic who are the authors of the more perfect union we the people the supreme court found that states did not have a right to secede the court s reference in the same decision to the possibility of such changes occurring through revolution or through consent of the states essentially means that this decision holds that no state has a right to unilaterally decide to leave the union 6 79 name origins further information list of state and territory name etymologies of the united states a map showing the source languages of state names the 50 states have taken their names from a wide variety of languages twenty four state names originate from native american languages of these eight are from algonquian languages seven are from siouan languages three are from iroquoian languages one is from uto aztecan languages and five others are from other indigenous languages hawaii s name is derived from the polynesian hawaiian language of the remaining names 22 are from european languages seven are from latin mainly latinized forms of english names and the rest are from english spanish and french eleven states are named after individual people including seven named for royalty and one named after a president of the united states the origins of six state names are unknown or disputed several of the states that derive their names from names used for native peoples retain the final letter s in the indigenous name geography main article geography of the united states borders the borders of the 13 original states were largely determined by colonial charters their western boundaries were subsequently modified as the states ceded their western land claims to the federal government during the 1780s and 1790s many state borders beyond those of the original 13 were set by congress as it created territories divided them and over time created states within them territorial and new state lines often followed various geographic features such as rivers or mountain range peaks and were influenced by settlement or transportation patterns at various times national borders with territories formerly controlled by other countries british north america new france new spain including spanish florida and russian america became institutionalized as the borders of u s states in the west relatively arbitrary lines following latitude and longitude often prevail due to the sparseness of settlement west of the mississippi river once established most state borders have with few exceptions been generally stable only two states missouri platte purchase and nevada grew appreciably after statehood several of the original states ceded land over a several year period to the federal government which in turn became the northwest territory southwest territory and mississippi territory in 1791 maryland and virginia ceded land to create the district of columbia virginia s portion was returned in 1847 in 1850 texas ceded a large swath of land to the federal government additionally massachusetts and virginia on two occasions have lost land in each instance to form a new state there have been numerous other minor adjustments to state boundaries over the years due to improved surveys resolution of ambiguous or disputed boundary definitions or minor mutually agreed boundary adjustments for administrative convenience or other purposes 55 occasionally either congress or the u s supreme court has had to settle state border disputes one notable example is the case new jersey v new york in which new jersey won roughly 90 of ellis island from new york in 1998 80 once a territory is admitted by congress as a state of the union the state must consent to any changes pertaining to the jurisdiction of that state and congress 81 the only potential violation of this occurred when the legislature of virginia declared the secession of virginia from the united states at the start of the american civil war and a newly formed alternative virginia legislature recognized by the federal government consented to have west virginia secede from virginia regional grouping further information list of regions of the united states states may be grouped in regions there are many variations and possible groupings many are defined in law or regulations by the federal government for example the united states census bureau defines four statistical regions with nine divisions 82 the census bureau region definition northeast midwest south and west is widely used for data collection and analysis 83 and is the most commonly used classification system 84 85 86 other multi state regions are unofficial and defined by geography or cultural affinity rather than by state lines see also insular area iso 3166 2 us lists of u s state topics local government in the united states list of online encyclopedias of u s states encyclopedias typically maintained by state historical societies universities or humanities councils references table 2 resident population for the 50 states the district of columbia and puerto rico 2020 census pdf united states census bureau april 26 2021 retrieved 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