Meta tags:
Headings (most frequently used words):
shirk, al, links, wal, islam, contents, etymology, quran, theological, interpretation, sufism, salafism, and, wahhabism, religious, pluralism, see, also, notes, references, external, forms, of, ash, akbar, asghar, general, terms, ad, du, niyyah, irada, qasd, at, ta, muhabbah,
Text of the page (most frequently used words):
the (279), and (95), shirk (72), god (53), islam (45), people (44), with (32), that (31), quran (31), islamic (29), allah (28), ibn (27), edit (23), muhammad (20), for (19), arabic (17), other (17), who (17), from (16), not (16), but (16), one (15), they (14), isbn (13), jesus (13), tawhid (13), muslim (13), this (12), son (12), are (11), moses (11), companions (11), will (11), also (11), has (10), christian (10), others (10), articles (9), sin (9), ash (9), mother (9), wife (9), doi (9), encyclopaedia (9), when (9), than (9), wikipedia (8), retrieved (8), literally (8), religious (8), surah (8), 978 (8), him (8), have (8), according (8), were (8), terms (7), links (7), polytheism (7), sinai (7), ahl (7), related (7), press (7), some (7), their (7), his (7), english (7), christians (7), worship (7), most (7), view (6), was (6), river (6), sheba (6), noah (6), mentioned (6), abraham (6), holy (6), first (6), pilgrimage (6), mosque (6), which (6), hell (6), muslims (6), aṣḥāb (6), such (6), journal (6), university (6), 1163 (6), edition (6), online (6), 2012 (6), brill (6), qur (6), three (6), interpretation (6), march (6), belief (6), trinity (6), associating (6), divinity (6), meaning (6), verse (6), lit (6), even (6), does (6), any (6), them (6), can (6), attributes (6), wal (6), akbar (6), you (5), non (5), page (5), all (5), 2024 (5), names (5), form (5), paradise (5), throne (5), book (5), mecca (5), battle (5), cave (5), place (5), masjid (5), polytheists (5), household (5), mary (5), prophets (5), those (5), divine (5), 1573 (5), sufi (5), tafsir (5), kathir (5), nisa (5), quranic (5), identified (5), encyclopedia (5), hadith (5), mushrik (5), beliefs (5), romanized (5), been (5), pre (5), see (5), besides (5), considered (5), love (5), said (5), should (5), more (5), asghar (5), toggle (4), contents (4), search (4), text (4), hidden (4), categories (4), january (4), language (4), idolatry (4), theology (4), adam (4), sun (4), david (4), implied (4), including (4), night (4), prayer (4), lesser (4), ḥarām (4), jonah (4), madyan (4), time (4), scholars (4), ṣāliḥ (4), children (4), companion (4), law (4), joseph (4), solomon (4), whale (4), angels (4), atonement (4), apostasy (4), relations (4), 2020 (4), bearman (4), bianquis (4), bosworth (4), van (4), donzel (4), heinrichs (4), concept (4), wahhab (4), doctrine (4), 2nd (4), world (4), kufr (4), sufism (4), whoever (4), forgive (4), forgives (4), term (4), often (4), general (4), portal (4), without (4), free (4), status (4), into (4), main (4), committed (4), khattab (4), messenger (4), what (4), there (4), equal (4), indeed (4), association (4), forms (4), theological (4), verses (4), hide (4), move (4), sidebar (4), may (3), use (3), edited (3), 2025 (3), wayback (3), german (3), org (3), index (3), name (3), shams (3), arḍ (3), israelites (3), golden (3), ibrāhīm (3), qurʾān (3), gospel (3), times (3), afternoon (3), greater (3), sacred (3), months (3), dhu (3), days (3), bayt (3), arabia (3), medina (3), possibly (3), prophet (3), yūnus (3), blessed (3), mount (3), valley (3), sabaʾ (3), arabian (3), jannah (3), lot (3), jews (3), banu (3), abdullah (3), qawm (3), hud (3), nuh (3), abu (3), muḥammad (3), israel (3), luqman (3), pharaoh (3), evil (3), ones (3), zechariah (3), peter (3), good (3), nūn (3), maryam (3), dhū (3), jacob (3), fish (3), devil (3), jinn (3), spirit (3), rūḥ (3), theory (3), four (3), redemption (3), repentance (3), conversion (3), 2015 (3), between (3), external (3), medieval (3), religions (3), age (3), 2010 (3), salafism (3), 2006 (3), social (3), second (3), february (3), print (3), classical (3), abd (3), eds (3), tawḥīd (3), 2003 (3), well (3), being (3), cyril (3), critical (3), oxford (3), early (3), tawbah (3), etymology (3), polytheist (3), mahmud (3), must (3), word (3), mushrikūn (3), worshipping (3), called (3), third (3), over (3), kafir (3), deities (3), scholar (3), would (3), anything (3), alone (3), another (3), ibada (3), spiritual (3), act (3), usually (3), secret (3), out (3), day (3), whom (3), شرك (3), sake (3), clear (3), mustafa (3), punishment (3), 913 (3), muhabbah (3), though (3), says (3), niyyah (3), irada (3), qasd (3), شِرْك (3), associated (3), partners (3), commits (3), partner (3), associates (3), jihadism (3), history (3), tools (3), languages (2), table (2), legal (2), contact (2), about (2), privacy (2), policy (2), under (2), additional (2), wikimedia (2), creative (2), commons (2), 2026 (2), cs1 (2), maint (2), periodical (2), expanded (2), december (2), unsourced (2), statements (2), clarification (2), containing (2), short (2), description (2), different (2), wikidata (2), https (2), title (2), note (2), date (2), palm (2), tree (2), plants (2), forbidden (2), plant (2), earth (2), celestial (2), bodies (2), quraysh (2), idols (2), images (2), trumpet (2), ark (2), apostles (2), objects (2), kitāb (2), stone (2), scroll (2), ṣuḥuf (2), mūsā (2), books (2), laylat (2), remembrance (2), before (2), qabl (2), morning (2), dhikr (2), calendar (2), hajj (2), battles (2), sabbath (2), sabt (2), friday (2), badr (2), military (2), hudaybiyyah (2), dam (2), ʿarim (2), events (2), shaddad (2), sleepers (2), mesopotamia (2), muqaddas (2), barrier (2), qarnayn (2), quba (2), prostration (2), mashʿar (2), church (2), locations (2), township (2), tuwa (2), rass (2), ḥijr (2), yathrib (2), iram (2), jahannam (2), garden (2), land (2), jewish (2), monks (2), believers (2), disbelievers (2), kāfirūn (2), groups (2), daughters (2), brothers (2), yūsuf (2), gog (2), magog (2), ayyub (2), lahab (2), current (2), ummah (2), juj (2), ibrahim (2), sodom (2), gomorrah (2), isrāʾīl (2), lūṭ (2), elephant (2), disciples (2), joshua (2), she (2), camel (2), firʿawn (2), sister (2), man (2), egyptians (2), adopted (2), bint (2), believer (2), aaron (2), ʿazīz (2), malik (2), isaac (2), ishmael (2), family (2), father (2), ezra (2), messiah (2), zakariyyā (2), yaʿqūb (2), john (2), dāwūd (2), chief (2), iblīs (2), angel (2), beast (2), ḥimār (2), female (2), could (2), animals (2), allāh (2), humans (2), things (2), taymiyya (2), moral (2), martin (2), views (2), key (2), enlightenment (2), buddhism (2), predestination (2), faith (2), grace (2), forgiveness (2), abrahamic (2), salvation (2), machine (2), archived (2), thought (2), educated (2), wikiquote (2), jawzi (2), sunnah (2), publishers (2), society (2), turks (2), link (2), cite (2), development (2), networks (2), 119 (2), science (2), consulted (2), published (2), 1960 (2), 2007 (2), 16121 (2), wan (2), jurnal (2), 104 (2), chapter (2), kitab (2), cambridge (2), indonesia (2), 2022 (2), philosophers (2), associationism (2), limiting (2), infinity (2), gimaret (2), glasse (2), 2001 (2), altamira (2), new (2), mysticism (2), politics (2), sayyid (2), dharma (2), derived (2), message (2), charles (2), adams (2), topics (2), internet (2), archive (2), magic (2), 2021 (2), taylor (2), francis (2), religion (2), 2023 (2), com (2), dictionary (2), verb (2), dies (2), kamoonpuri (2), pages (2), limited (2), nicolai (2), perspective (2), mohamed (2), references (2), avoid (2), monotheism (2), commit (2), consists (2), unity (2), modern (2), notes (2), shahada (2), uzza (2), lat (2), manat (2), schools (2), outline (2), glossary (2), shows (2), brahmins (2), attribute (2), prayers (2), rejection (2), rituals (2), although (2), entirely (2), number (2), dhimmi (2), frequently (2), however (2), deity (2), help (2), information (2), pluralism (2), legacy (2), human (2), laws (2), rububiyyah (2), accepting (2), profession (2), founder (2), classified (2), wahhabism (2), action (2), reward (2), require (2), except (2), pure (2), actions (2), needed (2), describe (2), personal (2), regarded (2), powers (2), necessary (2), khafi (2), teachings (2), swear (2), upon (2), replied (2), asked (2), lubayd (2), showing (2), off (2), say (2), resurrection (2), only (2), certainly (2), power (2), associate (2), against (2), regarding (2), الشرك (2), perform (2), anyone (2), open (2), described (2), punishable (2), translated (2), implies (2), themselves (2), entity (2), physical (2), set (2), else (2), context (2), special (2), known (2), jurisprudence (2), idah (2), understood (2), judgement (2), states (2), share (2), opposite (2), central (2), qudsi (2), denial (2), inna (2), oneness (2), part (2), series (2), shia (2), sunni (2), generation (2), appearance (2), upload (2), file (2), changes (2), read (2), article (2), bahasa (2), subsection (2), log (2), create (2), account (2), donate (2), menu (2), add, topic, mobile, cookie, statement, statistics, developers, code, conduct, safety, contacts, disclaimers, available, apply, using, site, agree, registered, trademark, profit, organization, foundation, inc, attribution, sharealike, license, rendered, parsoid, last, august, utc, needing, webarchive, template, terminology, php, shirk_, oldid, 1370482815, sorted, alphabetically, standard, biblical, relationship, drink, sharāb, water, fluid, sea, yamm, nahr, māʾ, liquids, zaqqūm, sidrat, muntahā, nakhl, tender, līnah, lote, sidr, tamarisk, athl, bushes, trees, fruit, olive, zaytūn, fig, tīn, pomegranate, rummān, cucumber, qith, thāʾ, herb, baql, lentil, ʿadas, fruits, seed, zarʿ, stem, sūq, shoot, shaṭʾ, garlic, wheat, fūm, onion, baṣal, matter, lamps, stars, nujūm, planets, kawākib, moon, qamar, maṣābīḥ, manāt, ʿuzzā, lāt, yaʿūq, yaghūth, wadd, suwāʿ, nasr, statue, calf, ʿijl, baʿal, false, ṭāghūt, jibt, ansāb, cult, israfil, bilqis, casket, shekhinah, tābūt, sakīnah, staff, musa, heavenly, food, beings, umm, psalms, zabūr, tablets, torah, tawrāt, injīl, mabit, ghadir, khumm, praising, rising, dawn, fajr, ṭulūʿ, decline, setting, ʿaṣr, aṣīl, ghurūb, evening, masāʾ, dulūk, noon, ẓuhr, late, ʿishāʾ, layl, mornings, ṣabāḥ, bukrah, ghuduww, ʿashiyy, tasbīḥ, takbīr, taḥmīd, ṣalāh, invocation, duʿāʾ, umrah, ḥajj, pilgrimages, ramadan, rajab, muharram, hijja, shahr, doomsday, saturday, jumuʿah, conquest, expedition, tabuk, uhud, khaybar, hunayn, confederates, aḥzāb, expeditions, treaty, farewell, flood, great, rib, sayl, event, mubahala, decree, qadr, incident, ifk, incidents, occasions, palestine, nile, jordan, dār, nadwa, seven, canaan, bilād, rāfidayn, ariha, ayla, bull, ghār, ath, thawr, hira, black, hijr, isma, ḥajar, aswad, ḥijāz, antakya, antioch, salat, synagogue, area, qubāʾ, dirar, farthest, aqsa, aqṣā, grove, monastery, miḥrāb, bayʿa, nineveh, qaryat, babylon, bābil, landing, munzalanm, mubārakan, jūdiyy, tabor, righthand, side, buqʿah, mubārakah, wādil, ayman, ṭuwan, wād, tīh, desert, region, safa, marwa, station, maqām, kaaba, kaʿbah, sanctuary, secure, āminan, ḥaraman, bakkah, makkah, ḥunayn, hegra, muzdalifah, ʿarafāt, formerly, madīnah, sandy, plains, wind, curved, sand, hills, pillars, dhāt, ʿimād, aḥqāf, excluding, peninsula, salsabīl, mainland, egypt, miṣr, majmaʿ, baḥrayn, midian, door, hittah, muqaddasah, mesopotamian, meccan, sabians, rabbani, rabbi, ahbār, yahūd, injil, qissis, priest, ruhban, naṣārā, hypocrites, munāfiqūn, zoroastrians, majūs, dhimmah, khazraj, aus, umayyad, dynasty, iranian, qurayza, qaynuqa, nadir, verandah, suffa, amalek, implicitly, salih, wives, abdul, muttalib, hashim, progeny, imran, stoneland, thamūd, tubba, tubbaʿ, ʿād, bedouins, arabs, aʿrāb, yaʾjūj, maʾjūj, lut, sons, emigrants, muhajirun, helpers, anṣār, fir, aun, shuaib, wood, aykah, ilyas, muʾtafikāt, banī, romans, rūm, ajam, tribes, ethnicities, families, nation, ukhdūd, raqaim, kahf, war, raqīm, ḥawāriyyūn, burnt, rahmah, nimrod, nebuchadnezzar, caleb, kaleb, barṣīṣā, bal, balaam, bakr, abraha, specified, qaddar, salif, musda, dahr, slayers, abū, sāmirī, korah, cousin, qārūn, goliath, jālūt, hāmān, terah, āzar, wise, pious, magicians, āsiyá, muzāḥim, imraʾat, hizbil, hizqil, sabura, zulaykhah, king, rayyān, walīd, qatafir, qittin, potiphar, benjamin, simeon, binyāmin, zayd, vizier, queen, abiona, amtelai, daughter, karnebo, shamkhah, anush, betenos, lamech, immediate, relatives, martyred, successor, yūshaʿ, samuel, ṣamūʾīl, jeremiah, irmiyā, gideon, saul, ṭālūt, luqmān, ʿuzayr, debatable, nūḥ, friend, khalīlullāh, spoke, kalīmullāh, masīḥ, ʿīsā, titles, aḥmad, perseverance, strong, ulul, ʿazm, ṣāḥib, ḥūt, owner, baptist, yaḥyā, sulaymān, jethro, reuel, hobab, shuʿayb, dhabih, ullah, ismāʿīl, isḥāq, joachim, ʿimrān, elijah, ilyās, enoch, idrīs, eber, hūd, hārūn, ezekiel, kifl, job, ayyūb, elisha, yasa, ādam, ḥūr, wildān, ghilmān, rebellious, mārid, shayṭān, demons, shayāṭīn, qarīn, asmodeus, sakhr, ʿifrīt, jann, genies, michael, mīkāil, death, azrael, malakul, mawt, raphael, isrāfīl, gabriel, qudus, trustworthy, amīn, jibrīl, muqarrabun, honourable, scribes, atid, raqib, kirāman, kātibīn, jundallah, harut, marut, bearers, zabāniyah, mālik, malāʾikah, prey, hunter, lion, qaswarah, honey, bee, naḥl, wild, ass, dābbat, spider, ʿankabūt, nāqat, ant, namlah, dog, kalb, hoopoe, domesticated, donkey, abyssinians, fīl, wolf, feared, attack, dhiʾb, cow, baqara, found, generous, karīm, characters, alchemy, happiness, ghazali, universalism, hans, urs, von, balthasar, influence, abelard, origen, sola, fide, luther, satisfaction, anselm, canterbury, augustine, hippo, ideas, buddhist, paths, liberation, buddhahood, stages, naam, japo, shuddhi, sādhanā, karma, bodhisattva, saṃsāra, nirvana, marga, sangeet, jainism, moksha, dharmic, zion, final, given, judaism, sanctification, baptism, assurance, election, justification, regeneration, christianity, soteriology, collective, legislation, zebiri, kate, 1995, western, intellectuals, 277, 1080, 09596419508721055, 255, quotations, imam, dar, deception, talbis, iblis, friedmann, yohanan, indian, 1975, 214, 221, american, oriental, conterno, maria, california, 195, 2307, ctv1b742qw, 193, premodern, elverskog, johan, 232, 8122, 4237, 9783, 9780812205312, pennsylvania, incorporated, silk, road, pall, 2014, lebanese, salafis, gulf, europe, fractionalization, transnational, lebanon, amsterdam, hassan, ahmed, shaykh, ʿabd, wahhāb, shāh, walī, preliminary, comparison, aspects, lifes, careers, 23654402, jstor, 156853106776150126, 103, asian, peskes, esther, ende, wahhābiyya, 3912_islam_com_1329, suhaimi, herawi, observation, based, manazil, irin, usuluddin, 2000, awn, 1983, satan, tragedy, psychology, leiden, 9004069060, sands, kristin, commentaries, routledge, tawheed, winter, timothy, 2008, 233, 2018, fleet, krämer, matringe, nawas, stewart, 3912_ei3_com_46230, mulia, siti, musdah, reform, progressive, mawarid, hukum, faruki, kemal, iṣmah, studies, 1965, mark, durie, semantic, decomposition, words, russian, linguistics, 937, 969, learning, faiths, hermann, häring, janet, soskice, 141, heresy, hebrew, creaturely, shituf, felix, wilfred, 3912_islam_sim_7454, björkman, kāfir, 3912_islam_sim_3775, 1989, revised, 0759101890, 247, carré, olivier, boston, 9004125902, reading, ẓilāl, qurʼān, quṭb, schirrmacher, christine, http, www, worldevangelicals, mazuz, haggai, insights, exegetic, approach, jojo, convergence, thomas, jane, dammen, mcauliffe, ida, kevin, reinhart, 2009, esposito, 9780195305135, eichler, paul, arno, 1889, publication, 1928, koran, publisher, leipzig, klein, collection, microfilm, additional_collections, digitizing, sponsor, contributor, divination, vereinigtes, königreich, pantić, nikola, ottoman, damascus, eighteenth, century, 176, volume, azam, farooq, november, tenth, houston, texas, usa, institute, knowledge, 911119, translation, harper, douglas, vocabulary, nadwi, cenap, çakmak, abc, clio, 2017, 1450, 610, 69217, worldwide, while, surely, punished, remain, fire, forever, person, repents, previous, basic, tanzania, printers, encyclopædia, britannica, glassé, smith, huston, rowman, 429, 9780759101906, s̲h̲irk, 3912_islam_sim_6965, 840, qurano, لقمان, nonbelief, mahmoud, syracuse, 208, april, 8156, 3115, quest, examination, taha, confused, quite, separate, origin, knave, rogue, scharke, muwaḥḥidūn, مُوَحِّدُون, monotheist, muwaḥḥid, مُوَحِّد, تَوْحِيد, مُشْرِكُون, associator, مُشْرِك, these, translations, criticized, inaccurate, narrow, definition, betraying, idol, itself, something, criticizes, deviant, trinitarian, overstressed, distinctiveness, persons, expense, interpreted, reference, syriac, literature, intentional, simplification, intended, highlight, its, weakness, strictly, monotheistic, taghut, munafiq, zandaqa, haram, list, branches, blasphemy, 1253, 1325, iconic, approval, favor, since, child, stones, direction, affirm, bear, likeness, 1116, 1201, immaculate, unbelief, performance, sanction, polymath, during, credited, anthropologist, argues, common, india, inclusive, reception, heresiographer, consider, nevertheless, granted, shahrastani, fuqaha, jurists, biruni, hanbali, delhi, sultanate, amir, khusrau, likewise, authors, identifications, less, likely, universally, accepted, challenged, brahman, supreme, mongols, poses, whether, foreign, beyond, answered, variously, section, adding, missing, needs, expansion, building, abdl, writings, interprete, adherences, made, maqdisi, mawdudu, qutb, islamist, writers, decisive, factor, determine, identity, execution, violated, associators, unbelievers, servitude, commitment, duties, intermediaries, practises, sources, written, asma, sifat, lordship, verbal, sole, creator, ruler, distinction, 106, wahhabi, movement, every, done, expectation, either, hereafter, despite, level, entail, disbelief, repeating, follow, prescriptions, sufis, work, until, thoughts, dominated, desire, results, citation, purification, describes, highest, stage, possess, mind, becomes, fully, immersed, presence, understand, how, put, proper, places, ansari, far, uncompromising, accommodated, within, rather, deficient, source, standing, beside, thus, equated, unregenerate, self, focus, solely, give, own, lie, preferable, truth, mas, narrated, swears, graded, hakim, saheeh, tirmidhi, hasan, umar, gets, pray, strives, beautify, because, looking, came, announced, beware, riya, verily, receiving, rewards, material, find, thing, fear, reported, sayyed, qasim, mujtaba, moosavi, offers, ritual, ostentatious, way, keeps, performs, show, public, righteousness, earn, gives, alms, fast, الأصغر, professes, still, take, true, wrongdoers, horrible, awaiting, realize, belongs, severe, المحبة, due, seen, 165, baqarah, taken, rabbis, lords, commanded, none, worthy, glorified, above, الطاعة, obeys, authority, orders, النية, والإرادة, والقصد, intention, purpose, determination, deed, happen, aboard, ship, caught, storm, cry, sincere, devotion, soon, delivers, safely, shore, once, again, شِرْكُ, الدُّعَاءِ, invokates, supplicates, prays, ankabut, 912, الأكبر, defined, major, type, concealed, recognition, might, unwitting, yet, extent, aṣghar, ٱلْأَصْغَر, apparent, ٱلْأَكْبَر, two, complex, need, renounce, claiming, better, postulates, unique, condemns, anthropomorphization, further, cannot, exist, independent, same, contains, assumptions, entailed, object, pleases, devise, heinous, imagines, stated, historically, permanently, residing, rule, entitled, visiting, lands, received, accused, believing, shared, asserting, lineage, respectively, reserved, nonetheless, existence, musta, min, criticises, loose, usage, traditional, leniently, offense, jew, thou, unbeliever, kuffar, sing, kafirun, thinkers, viewed, extreme, presentations, dogmas, formulas, rejected, talbi, writes, reproaches, rejecting, accept, possessors, earlier, revelations, singles, disregarding, evidence, disbelieve, among, traditionally, scholarship, suggested, alternative, interpretations, strongly, deny, reproach, treat, doomed, eternal, recognise, himself, respects, sent, kafara, entities, worshipped, after, cast, along, fallen, sacrifice, order, gain, protection
Text of the page (random words):
ik polytheist allah will not forgive him and he will surely be punished for this sin i e he will remain in hell fire forever as for the person who repents allah forgives his previous shirk cenap çakmak islam a worldwide encyclopedia abc clio 2017 isbn 978 1 610 69217 5 p 1450 a a nadwi vocabulary of the quran harper douglas shirk verb online etymology dictionary retrieved 5 march 2025 ibn kathir tafsir ibn kathir english surah al tawbah quran 4 u tafsir retrieved 11 march 2020 1 2 3 4 5 azam malik muhammad farooq november 2012 english translation of the meaning of al quran tenth ed houston texas usa the institute of islamic knowledge isbn 0 911119 80 9 encyclopaedia of islam volume 9 2nd edition s v shirk surah an nisa 1 176 quran com pantić nikola sufism in ottoman damascus religion magic and the eighteenth century networks of the holy taylor francis 2023 chapter 3 1 2 magic and divination in early islam 2021 vereinigtes königreich taylor francis eichler paul arno 1889 publication date 1928 topics koran publisher leipzig klein collection microfilm additional_collections digitizing sponsor internet archive contributor internet archive language german charles adams kevin reinhart 2009 kufr in john l esposito ed the oxford encyclopedia of the islamic world oxford oxford university press isbn 9780195305135 1 2 ibn kathir surah al ma ida quran 4 u retrieved 11 march 2020 1 2 thomas david 2006 trinity in jane dammen mcauliffe ed encyclopaedia of the qurʾān brill joseph jojo qur an gospel convergence the qur an s message to christians archived 2022 02 17 at the wayback machine journal of dharma 1 january march 2010 pp 55 76 mazuz haggai 2012 christians in the qurʾān some insights derived from the classical exegetic approach journal of dharma 35 1 january march 2010 55 76 schirrmacher christine the islamic view of christians qur an and hadith http www worldevangelicals org carré olivier 2003 mysticism and politics a critical reading of fī ẓilāl al qurʼān by sayyid quṭb boston brill pp 63 64 isbn 978 9004125902 glasse cyril 1989 the new encyclopedia of islam revised 2001 ed ny altamira press p 247 isbn 978 0759101890 1 2 björkman w 2012 kāfir in p bearman th bianquis c e bosworth e van donzel w p heinrichs eds encyclopaedia of islam 2nd ed brill doi 10 1163 1573 3912_islam_sim_3775 gimaret d tawḥīd in encyclopaedia of islam second edition edited by p bearman th bianquis c e bosworth e van donzel w p heinrichs consulted online on 25 february 2024 doi 10 1163 1573 3912_islam_sim_7454 first published online 2012 first print edition isbn 978 90 04 16121 4 1960 2007 1 2 learning from other faiths hermann häring janet martin soskice felix wilfred 2003 141 medieval jewish as well as muslim philosophers identified belief in the trinity with the heresy of shituf hebrew or shirk arabic associationism or limiting the infinity of allah by associating his divinity with creaturely being 1 2 mark durie semantic decomposition of four quranic words russian journal of linguistics 26 4 2022 937 969 ibn kathir tafsir ibn kathir english surah al nisa quran 4 u tafsir retrieved 11 march 2020 1 2 3 faruki kemal tawḥīd and the doctrine of iṣmah islamic studies 4 1 1965 31 43 1 2 3 mulia siti musdah muslim family law reform in indonesia a progressive interpretation of the qur an al mawarid jurnal hukum islam 2015 1 18 1 2 sinai n 2018 polytheism in k fleet g krämer d matringe j nawas and d j stewart eds encyclopaedia of islam three online brill https doi org 10 1163 1573 3912_ei3_com_46230 1 2 winter timothy ed the cambridge companion to classical islamic theology cambridge university press 2008 p 233 muhammad ibn abd al wahhab kitab at tawheed chapter 40 sands kristin sufi commentaries on the qur an in classical islam routledge 2006 p 29 awn peter j 1983 satan s tragedy and redemption iblīs in sufi psychology leiden brill publishers p 104 isbn 978 9004069060 abdullah wan suhaimi wan herawi s concept of tawhid an observation based on his manazil al sa irin jurnal usuluddin 12 2000 95 104 1 2 3 4 5 peskes esther and ende w wahhābiyya in encyclopaedia of islam second edition edited by p bearman th bianquis c e bosworth e van donzel w p heinrichs consulted online on 25 february 2024 doi 10 1163 1573 3912_islam_com_1329 first published online 2012 first print edition isbn 978 90 04 16121 4 1960 2007 ibrahim hassan ahmed 2006 shaykh muḥammad ibn ʿabd al wahhāb and shāh walī allāh a preliminary comparison of some aspects of their lifes and careers asian journal of social science 34 1 103 119 doi 10 1163 156853106776150126 jstor 23654402 pall z 2014 lebanese salafis between the gulf and europe development fractionalization and transnational networks of salafism in lebanon amsterdam university press p 20 1 2 elverskog johan 2010 12 31 buddhism and islam on the silk road university of pennsylvania press incorporated 232 doi 10 9783 9780812205312 isbn 978 0 8122 4237 9 cite journal cs1 maint periodical has isbn link conterno maria 2020 12 15 the conversion of the turks conversion to islam in the premodern age university of california press pp 193 195 doi 10 2307 j ctv1b742qw 39 retrieved 2025 10 20 1 2 3 friedmann yohanan medieval muslim views of indian religions journal of the american oriental society 1975 214 221 the devil s deception talbis iblis by imam ibn al jawzi dar as sunnah publishers external links edit wikiquote has quotations related to shirk islam zebiri kate 1995 relations between muslims and non muslims in the thought of western educated muslim intellectuals islam and christian muslim relations islam and christian muslim relations 6 2 255 277 doi 10 1080 09596419508721055 shirk in legislation archived 2015 05 29 at the wayback machine v t e salvation collective salvation soteriology abrahamic atonement divine grace forgiveness repentance redemption christianity atonement conversion gospel grace faith repentance regeneration justification election assurance baptism sanctification apostasy islam jannah tawhid shirk predestination repentance apostasy judaism atonement law given to moses at sinai final redemption zion apostasy dharmic moksha jainism marga sangeet nirvana saṃsāra bodhisattva karma sādhanā shuddhi naam japo buddhism enlightenment four stages of enlightenment buddhahood buddhist paths to liberation key people and ideas augustine of hippo views anselm of canterbury satisfaction theory martin luther sola fide origen peter abelard moral influence theory of atonement hans urs von balthasar universalism al ghazali the alchemy of happiness ibn taymiyya v t e people and things in the quran characters non humans allāh the god names of allah found in the quran such as karīm generous animals related the baqara cow of israelites the dhiʾb wolf that jacob feared could attack joseph the fīl elephant of the abyssinians ḥimār domesticated donkey the hud hud hoopoe of solomon the kalb dog of the sleepers of the cave the namlah female ant of solomon the nūn fish or whale of jonah the nāqat she camel of ṣāliḥ non related ʿankabūt female spider dābbat al arḍ beast of the earth ḥimār wild ass naḥl honey bee qaswarah lion beast of prey or hunter malāʾikah angels angels of hell mālik zabāniyah bearers of the throne harut and marut jundallah kirāman kātibīn honourable scribes raqib atid muqarrabun jibrīl gabriel chief ar rūḥ the spirit ar rūḥ al amīn the trustworthy spirit ar rūḥ al qudus the holy spirit angel of the trumpet isrāfīl or raphael malakul mawt angel of death azrael mīkāil michael jinn genies jann ʿifrīt sakhr asmodeus qarīn shayāṭīn demons iblīs ash shayṭān the chief devil mārid rebellious one others ghilmān or wildān ḥūr prophets mentioned ādam adam al yasa ʿ elisha ayyūb job dāwūd david dhū l kifl ezekiel hārūn aaron hūd eber idrīs enoch ilyās elijah ʿimrān joachim the father of maryam isḥāq isaac ismāʿīl ishmael dhabih ullah lūṭ lot ṣāliḥ shuʿayb jethro reuel or hobab sulaymān ibn dāwūd solomon son of david yaḥyā ibn zakariyyā john the baptist the son of zechariah yaʿqūb jacob isrāʾīl israel yūnus jonah dhū n nūn he of the fish or whale or owner of the fish or whale ṣāḥib al ḥūt companion of the whale yūsuf ibn yaʿqūb joseph son of jacob zakariyyā zechariah ulul ʿazm those of the perseverance and strong will muḥammad aḥmad other names and titles of muhammad ʿīsā jesus al masīḥ the messiah ibn maryam son of mary mūsā kalīmullāh moses he who spoke to god ibrāhīm khalīlullāh abraham friend of god nūḥ noah debatable ones ʿuzayr ezra dhū l qarnayn luqmān maryam mary ṭālūt saul or gideon implied irmiyā jeremiah ṣamūʾīl samuel yūshaʿ ibn nūn joshua companion and successor of moses people of prophets good ones adam s immediate relatives martyred son wife believer of ya sin family of noah father lamech mother shamkhah bint anush or betenos luqman s son people of abraham mother abiona or amtelai the daughter of karnebo ishmael s mother isaac s mother people of jesus disciples including peter mary s mother zechariah s wife people of solomon mother queen of sheba vizier zayd muhammad s adopted son people of joseph brothers including binyāmin benjamin and simeon egyptians ʿazīz potiphar qatafir or qittin malik king ar rayyān ibn al walīd wife of ʿazīz zulaykhah mother people of aaron and moses egyptians believer hizbil or hizqil ibn sabura imraʾat firʿawn āsiyá bint muzāḥim the wife of pharaoh who adopted moses magicians of the pharaoh wise pious man moses wife moses sister in law mother sister evil ones āzar possibly terah firʿawn pharaoh of moses time hāmān jālūt goliath qārūn korah cousin of moses as sāmirī abū lahab slayers of ṣāliḥ s she camel qaddar ibn salif and musda ibn dahr implied or not specified abraha abu bakr bal am balaam barṣīṣā caleb or kaleb the companion of joshua luqman s son nebuchadnezzar ii nimrod rahmah the wife of ayyub shaddad groups mentioned aṣḥāb al jannah people of paradise people of the burnt garden aṣḥāb as sabt companions of the sabbath jesus apostles ḥawāriyyūn disciples of jesus companions of noah s ark aṣḥāb al kahf war raqīm companions of the cave and al raqaim companions of the elephant people of al ukhdūd people of a township in surah ya sin people of yathrib or medina qawm lūṭ people of sodom and gomorrah nation of noah tribes ethnicities or families ajam ar rūm literally the romans banī isrāʾīl children of israel muʾtafikāt sodom and gomorrah people of ibrahim people of ilyas people of nuh people of shuaib ahl madyan people of madyan aṣḥāb al aykah companions of the wood qawm yūnus people of jonah ya juj and ma juj gog and magog people of fir aun current ummah of islam ummah of muhammad aṣḥāb muḥammad companions of muhammad anṣār literally helpers muhajirun emigrants from mecca to medina people of mecca wife of abu lahab children of ayyub sons of adam wife of nuh wife of lut yaʾjūj wa maʾjūj gog and magog son of nuh aʿrāb arabs or bedouins ʿād people of hud companions of the rass qawm tubbaʿ people of tubba people of sabaʾ or sheba quraysh thamūd people of ṣāliḥ aṣḥāb al ḥijr companions of the stoneland ahl al bayt people of the household household of abraham brothers of yūsuf lot s daughters progeny of imran household of moses household of muhammad ibn abdullah ibn abdul muttalib ibn hashim daughters of muhammad muhammad s wives household of salih implicitly mentioned amalek ahl as suffa people of the verandah banu nadir banu qaynuqa banu qurayza iranian people umayyad dynasty aus and khazraj people of quba religious groups ahl al dhimmah kāfirūn disbelievers majūs zoroastrians munāfiqūn hypocrites muslims believers ahl al kitāb people of the book naṣārā christian s or people of the injil ruhban christian monks qissis christian priest yahūd jews ahbār jewish scholars rabbani rabbi sabians polytheists meccan polytheists at the time of muhammad mesopotamian polytheists at the time of abraham and lot locations mentioned al arḍ al muqaddasah the holy land blessed land al jannah paradise literally the garden jahannam hell door of hittah madyan midian majmaʿ al baḥrayn miṣr mainland egypt salsabīl a river in paradise in the arabian peninsula excluding madyan al aḥqāf the sandy plains or the wind curved sand hills iram dhāt al ʿimād iram of the pillars al madīnah formerly yathrib ʿarafāt and al mashʿar al ḥarām muzdalifah al ḥijr hegra badr ḥunayn makkah mecca bakkah ḥaraman āminan sanctuary which is secure kaʿbah kaaba maqām ibrāhīm station of abraham safa and marwa sabaʾ sheba ʿarim sabaʾ dam of sheba rass sinai region or tīh desert al wād al muqaddas ṭuwan the holy valley of tuwa al wādil ayman the valley on the righthand side of the valley of tuwa and mount sinai al buqʿah al mubārakah the blessed place mount sinai or mount tabor in mesopotamia al jūdiyy munzalanm mubārakan place of landing blessed bābil babylon qaryat yūnus township of jonah that is nineveh religious locations bayʿa church miḥrāb monastery masjid mosque literally place of prostration al mashʿar al ḥarām the sacred grove al masjid al aqṣā al aqsa literally the farthest place of prostration al masjid al ḥarām the sacred mosque of mecca masjid al dirar a mosque in the area of medina possibly masjid qubāʾ quba mosque the prophet s mosque salat synagogue implied antioch antakya arabia al ḥijāz literally the barrier al ḥajar al aswad black stone al hijr of isma il cave of hira ghār ath thawr cave of the bull hudaybiyyah ta if ayla barrier of dhu l qarnayn bayt al muqaddas ariha bilād ar rāfidayn mesopotamia canaan cave of seven sleepers dār an nadwa jordan river nile river palestine river paradise of shaddad events incidents occasions or times incident of ifk laylat al qadr night of decree event of mubahala sayl al ʿarim flood of the great dam of ma rib in sheba the farewell pilgrimage treaty of hudaybiyyah battles or military expeditions battle of al aḥzāb the confederates battle of badr battle of hunayn battle of khaybar battle of uhud expedition of tabuk conquest of mecca days al jumuʿah the friday as sabt the sabbath or saturday days of battles days of hajj doomsday months of the islamic calendar 12 months ash shahr al ḥarām the sacred or forbidden months dhu l qa da dhu l hijja muharram rajab ramadan pilgrimages al ḥajj literally the pilgrimage the greater pilgrimage al ʿ umrah the lesser pilgrimage times for prayer or remembrance times for duʿāʾ invocation ṣalāh and dhikr remembrance including taḥmīd praising takbīr and tasbīḥ al ʿashiyy the afternoon or the night al ghuduww the mornings al bukrah the morning aṣ ṣabāḥ the morning al layl the night al ʿishāʾ the late night aẓ ẓuhr the noon dulūk ash shams decline of the sun al masāʾ the evening qabl al ghurūb before the setting of the sun al aṣīl the afternoon al ʿaṣr the afternoon qabl ṭulūʿ ash shams before the rising of the sun al fajr the dawn implied ghadir khumm laylat al mabit first pilgrimage other holy books al injīl the gospel of jesus al qurʾān the book of muhammad ṣuḥuf i ibrāhīm scroll s of abraham at tawrāt the torah ṣuḥuf i mūsā scroll s of moses tablets of stone az zabūr the...
|
