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act mrta 139 in the united states psilocybin is classified as a schedule i substance under the controlled substances act which prohibits its use sale and possession under federal law despite this campaigns to decriminalize and legalize the medical use of psilocybin have succeeded in several jurisdictions since 2019 denver became the first city to decriminalize psilocybin in may 2019 followed by oakland in june 2019 santa cruz california in january 2020 and washington d c in november 2020 oregon voters passed two ballot measures in 2020 making it the first state to legalize the supervised use of psilocybin and decriminalize possession of all drugs including psilocybin 140 141 colorado followed with a similar medical use and decriminalization measure in 2022 142 since then reforms have been enacted in more jurisdictions across the u s oceania edit australia edit further information cannabis in australia and illicit drug use in australia in 2016 australia legalised medicinal cannabis on a federal level since 1985 the federal government has run a declared war on drugs and while initially australia led the world in harm minimization approach they have since lagged australia has a number of political parties that focus on cannabis reform the hemp help end marijuana prohibition party was founded in 1993 and registered by the australian electoral commission in 2000 the legalise cannabis queensland party was established in 2020 a number of australian and international groups have promoted reform in regard to 21st century australian drug policy organisations such as australian parliamentary group on drug law reform responsible choice the australian drug law reform foundation norml australia law enforcement against prohibition leap australia and drug law reform australia advocate for drug law reform without the benefit of government funding the membership of some of these organisations is diverse and consists of the general public social workers lawyers and doctors and the global commission on drug policy has been a formative influence on a number of these organisations in 1994 the australian national task force on cannabis formed under the ministerial council on drug strategy noted that the social harm of cannabis prohibition is greater than the harm from cannabis itself 143 total prohibition policies have been unsuccessful in reducing drug use and have caused significant social harm as well as higher law enforcement costs the use of cannabis is widespread in australia and that its adverse health effects are modest and only affect a minority of users 144 in 2012 the think tank australia 21 released a report on the decriminalization of drugs in australia 145 it noted that by defining the personal use and possession of certain psychoactive drugs as criminal acts governments have also avoided any responsibility to regulate and control the quality of substances that are in widespread use 146 prohibition has fostered the development of a criminal industry that is corrupting civil society and government and killing our children 146 the report also highlighted the fact that just as alcohol and tobacco are regulated for quality assurance distribution marketing and taxation so should currently unregulated illicit drugs 146 there has been a number of enquires in australia relating to cannabis and other illicit drugs in 2019 the queensland government instructed the queensland productivity commission to conduct an enquiry into imprisonment and recidivism in qld the final report was sent to the queensland government on 1 august 2019 and publicly released on 31 january 2020 the commission found that all available evidence shows the war on drugs fails to restrict usage or supply and that decriminalisation would improve the lives of drug users without increasing the rate of drug use 147 with the commission ultimately recommending that the queensland government legalise cannabis 148 the qpc said the system had also fuelled an illegal market particularly for methamphetamine although the palaszczuk queensland labor party led state government rejected the recommendations of its own commission and said it had no plans to alter any laws around cannabis 149 a decision that received heavy scrutiny from supporters of decriminalization legalisation progressive and non progressive drug policy advocates alike 150 in 2019 the royal australasian college of physicians racp and st vincent s health australia called on the nsw government to publicly release the findings of the special commission of inquiry into the drug ice saying there was no excuse for the delay 151 the report was the culmination of months of evidence from health and judicial experts as well as families and communities affected by amphetamine type substances across nsw the report made 109 recommendations aimed to strengthen the nsw governments response regarding amphetamine based drugs such as crystal meth or ice major recommendations included more supervised drug use rooms a prison needle and syringe exchange program state wide clinically supervised substance testing including mobile pill testing at festivals decriminalisation of drugs for personal use a cease to the use of drug detection dogs at music festivals and to limit the use of strip searches the report also called for the nsw government to adopt a comprehensive drug and alcohol policy with the last drug and alcohol policy expiring over a decade ago the reports commissioner said the state s approach to drug use was profoundly flawed and said reform would require political leadership and courage and criminalising use and possession encourages us to stigmatise people who use drugs as the authors of their own misfortunate mr howard said current laws allow us tacit permission to turn a blind eye to the factors driving most problematic drug use including childhood abuse domestic violence and mental illness 152 the nsw government rejected the reports key recommendations saying it would consider the other remaining recommendations director of the drug policy modelling program dpmp at unsw sydney s social policy research centre said the nsw government has missed an opportunity to reform the state s response to drugs based on evidence 153 the nsw government is yet to officially respond to the inquiry as of november 2020 a statement was released from the government citing intention to respond by the end of 2020 154 in the australian capital territory after a bill was passed on 25 september 2019 new laws came into effect on 31 january 2020 while personal possession and growth of small amounts of cannabis remains prohibited non medicinal purposes in every other jurisdiction in australia it allowed for possession of up to 50 grams of dry material 150 grams of wet material and cultivation of 2 plants per individual up to 4 plants per household effectively legalising the possession and growing of cannabis in the act however the sale and supply of cannabis and cannabis seeds is still illegal so the effects of the laws are limited and the laws also contradict federal laws it is also still illegal to smoke or use cannabis in a public place expose a child or young person to cannabis smoke store cannabis where children can reach it grow cannabis using hydroponics or artificial cultivation grow plants where they can be accessed by the public share or give cannabis as a gift to another person to drive with any cannabis in your system or for people aged under 18 to grow possess or use cannabis 155 in october 2023 the australian capital territory became the first territory in the country to decriminalize the possession of hard drugs the law was passed in 2022 by the legislative assembly under the law people found with small amounts of illicit drugs would be cautioned fined or referred to a drug diversion program 156 157 new zealand edit this section needs expansion you can help by adding missing information october 2020 further information cannabis in new zealand on 18 december 2018 the labour led government announced a nationwide binding referendum on the legality of cannabis for personal use set to be held as part of the 2020 general election 158 this was a condition of the green party giving confidence and supply to the government 159 160 161 on 7 may 2019 the government announced that the 2020 new zealand cannabis referendum would be a yes no question to enact a yet to be created piece of legislation despite the earlier commitment the referendum was non binding the proposed cannabis legalisation and control bill would have need to be introduced into parliament and passed like any other piece of legislation therefore the government was not in fact bound to the results of the referendum 162 official results for the general election and referendums were released on 6 november 2020 163 the number opposed to legalisation was 50 7 with 48 4 in favour and 0 9 of votes were declared informal 163 groups advocating change edit decrimpovertydc at the 47th capital pride parade washington d c 2022 the senlis council a european development and policy think tank has since its conception in 2002 advocated that drug addiction should be viewed as a public health issue rather than a purely criminal matter the group does not support the decriminalisation of illegal drugs since 2003 the council has called for the licensing of poppy cultivation in afghanistan in order to manufacture poppy based medicines such as morphine and codeine and to combat poverty in rural communities breaking ties with the illicit drugs trade the senlis council outlined proposals for the implementation of a village based poppy for medicine project and calls for a pilot project for afghan morphine at the next planting season 164 organizations involved in lobbying research and advocacy edit canada edit le dain commission of inquiry into the non medical use of drugs europe edit beckley foundation cannabis law reform drug equality alliance dea european coalition for just and effective drug policies encod branches in austria germany and norway legalize net netherlands schildower kreis goethe university frankfurt germany norml uk re vision drug policy network 165 united kingdom regulación responsible spain release agency united kingdom students for sensible drug policy uk 166 united kingdom transform drug policy foundation australia edit australian national council on drugs drug policy australia 167 network against prohibition new zealand edit the helen clark foundation 168 norml new zealand the star trust 169 united states edit rally and concert to end the war on drugs macarthur park los angeles 3 november 2011 nikki david neon tommy american civil liberties union 170 americans for safe access drug policy alliance high times high times freedom fighters law enforcement against prohibition 171 lindesmith center marijuana policy project mass cann norml multidisciplinary association for psychedelic studies maps national organization for the reform of marijuana laws 172 students for sensible drug policy veterans for medical marijuana access november coalition united states women grow political parties with drug liberalization policies edit see also cannabis political parties many political parties support to various degrees and for various reasons liberalizing drug control laws from liberal parties to far left movements as well as some right wing intellectuals drug liberalization is fundamental in the platforms of most libertarian parties there are also numerous single issue marijuana parties devoted to campaign for the legalization of cannabis exclusively australia edit australian greens 173 174 drug law reform australia 175 fusion party 176 legalise cannabis australia 177 legalise cannabis queensland legalise cannabis western australia party reason party 178 179 canada edit liberal party of canada new democratic party of canada libertarian party of canada marijuana party hungary edit mkkp netherlands edit groenlinks 180 d66 181 germany edit die linke 182 new zealand edit green party of aotearoa new zealand 183 portugal edit left bloc 184 liberal initiative 185 livre 186 united kingdom edit green party of england and wales liberal democrats 187 188 189 in march 2016 the liberal democrats became the first major political party in the united kingdom to support the legalisation of cannabis 190 191 192 international edit pirate party gallery edit see also edit arguments for and against drug prohibition cannabis rights cannabis social club chasing the scream civil libertarianism cognitive liberty gateway drug theory global commission on drug policy harm reduction latin american initiative on drugs and democracy left libertarianism legality of cannabis by country psilocybin decriminalization in the united states recreational drug use responsible drug use school district drug policies students for sensible drug policy supervised injection site the war we never fought trans european drug information u s pure food and drug act of 1906 world federation against drugs references edit proceedings of the special committee on illegal drugs archived 3 february 2010 at the wayback machine senate of canada 28 may 2001 drug use the impact of decriminalisation drug use citywide drug crisis campaign 2026 in citywide ie impacts of decriminalisation citywide drug crisis campaign 2026 in citywide ie approaches to decriminalizing drug use possession pdf file february 2015 drug policy alliance drug legalization institute for behavior and health retrieved 16 october 2021 world health report 2002 reducing risks promoting healthy life the good drugs guide magic mushrooms frequently asked questions frequently asked questions the good drugs guide retrieved 4 january 2007 report by the dutch government stating psilocybin s relative harmlessness pdf archived pdf from the original on 21 june 2022 retrieved 24 june 2022 norman eady sandra 22 december 1994 the connecticut general assembly connecticut general assembly retrieved 19 june 2022 1 2 drug policy reform in practice experiences with alternatives in europe and the us archived 4 march 2016 at the wayback machine tom blickman martin jelsma transnational institute july 2009 illicit drug use in the eu legislative approaches archived 15 november 2017 at the wayback machine emcdda thematic papers lisbon 2005 marlatt g alan 2002 highlights of harm reduction harm reduction pragmatic strategies for managing high risk behaviors guilford press p 3 isbn 978 1 57230 825 1 inciardi james a harrison lana d 2000 harm reduction national and international perspectives thousand oaks california sage pp vii viii incb 2001 annual report oceania pdf p 559 archived from the original pdf on 25 november 2010 retrieved 28 march 2010 anger as vice girls get free condoms retrieved 20 april 2010 home dea gov dea gov retrieved 23 august 2022 ortiz nicole r preuss charles v 2022 controlled substance act statpearls treasure island fl statpearls publishing pmid 34662058 retrieved 23 august 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