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rom wikipedia the free encyclopedia this article needs more citations please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources unsourced material may be challenged and removed find sources tsakane clay grassland news newspapers books scholar jstor april 2023 learn how and when to remove this message tsakane viewed from above the tsakane clay grassland is a rare south african vegetation type supporting a unique grassland ecosystem it is named after the township of tsakane in ekurhuleni gauteng in which it is the dominant natural vegetation type this ecosystem is characterized by its clay rich soil which supports a diverse array of flora and fauna including several endemic and threatened species the tsakane clay grassland is an important conservation area as it plays a crucial role in maintaining biodiversity and providing ecosystem services to the surrounding human populations geography edit the tsakane clay grassland is the main vegetation type within the suikerbosrand nature reserve with a smaller occurrence of the andesite mountain bushveld svcb11 vegetation unit 1 the altitude varies between 1 545 and 1 917 meters above sea level the grassland extends from soweto to the town of springs in gauteng and is distributed in patches southwards to nigel and vereeniging the vegetation unit also occurs in parts of mpumalanga between balfour and standerton and also in the northern side of the vaal dam 1 the landscape is flat to slightly undulating with low hills also present in some areas of the grassland biodiversity edit the tsakane clay grassland is home to a diverse range of plant species including important taxa such as andropogon schirensis eragrostis racemosa senecio inornatus and anthospermum rigidum subsp pumilum 1 these species are adapted to the clay rich soil conditions found in the grassland the ecosystem also supports a variety of animal species including mammals birds reptiles and insects many of which rely on the unique plant species for food and habitat conservation edit the tsakane clay grassland is an important conservation area due to its high levels of biodiversity and the presence of several threatened and endemic species efforts to conserve the ecosystem include the establishment of protected areas as well as ongoing research and monitoring programs to better understand and manage the unique flora and fauna these conservation efforts aim to preserve the ecological integrity of the grassland and ensure the long term survival of its species threats edit the tsakane clay grassland faces several threats 2 primarily from human activities such as urbanization agriculture and mining 3 the expansion of nearby towns and cities has led to habitat loss and fragmentation which can negatively impact the ecosystem s biodiversity additionally the introduction of non native species and pollution from various sources can further degrade the grassland and threaten its native species see also edit biodiversity of south africa references edit 1 2 3 mucina l and rutherford m c eds 2006 the vegetation of south africa lesotho and swaziland south african national biodiversity institute pretoria south africa birdlife south africa birdlife south africa retrieved 2023 03 25 the south african heritage resources agency pdf the south african heritage resources agency v t e biodiversity of south africa afrotropical realm marine biodiversity of south africa temperate southern africa western indo pacific wildlife of south africa national taxon checklists plants conifers cycads hornworts liverworts lycophytes mosses pteridophytes flowering plants acorales alismatales apiales apiaceae aquifoliales arecales asparagales asphodelaceae hyacinthaceae iridaceae orchidaceae asterales asteraceae boraginales brassicales bruniales buxales canellales caryophyllales aizoaceae celastrales ceratophyllales commelinales cornales crossosomatales cucurbitales dioscoreales dipsacales ericales escalloniales fabales fagales gentianales apocynaceae rubiaceae geraniales gunnerales huerteales icacinales lamiales acanthaceae lamiaceae scrophulariaceae laurales liliales magnoliales malpighiales euphorbiaceae malvales myrtales nymphaeales oxalidales pandanales piperales poales poaceae proteales ranunculales rosales santalales sapindales saxifragales solanales vahliales vitales zingiberales zygophyllales animals ascidians bryozoans comb jellies echinoderms nematodes polychaetes marine cnidarians marine flatworms sponges tardigrades arthropods marine crustaceans sea spiders centipedes millipedes entognatha arachnids harvestmen microwhip scorpions pseudoscorpions scorpions shorttailed whipscorpions solifugae araneae ixodida whip spiders and tailless whip scorpions insects alderflies dobsonflies and fishflies beetles booklice barklice and barkflies butterflies and moths caddisflies cockroaches and termites dragonflies and damselflies earwigs fleas flies jumping bristletails lice mantises mayflies net winged insects notoptera orthoptera sawflies wasps bees and ants scorpionflies silverfish and firebrats stick and leaf insects stoneflies strepsiptera termites thrips true bugs webspinners molluscs non marine molluscs marine molluscs marine gastropods marine heterobranch gastropods vertebrates amphibians birds freshwater fishes marine fishes marine bony fishes marine spiny finned fishes marine perciform fishes mammals reptiles seaweeds green seaweeds brown seaweeds red seaweeds fungi a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z related list of bacteria of south africa list of invasive species in south africa list of invasive plant species in south africa list of oomycetes of south africa list of slime moulds of south africa list of southern african indigenous trees and woody lianes list of botanists by author abbreviation regional taxon checklists and other minor lists list of marine invertebrates of the cape peninsula and false bay list of marine vertebrates of the cape peninsula and false bay list of green seaweeds of the cape peninsula and false bay list of brown seaweeds of the cape peninsula and false bay list of red seaweeds of the cape peninsula and false bay related timber trees of gauteng biodiversity hotspots and centres of diversity cape floristic region maputaland pondoland albany hotspot succulent karoo succulent karoo cape floristic region griqualand west centre albany centre drakensberg alpine centre soutpansberg centre wolkberg centre sekhukhuneland centre barberton centre maputaland pondoland region ecoregions list of ecoregions in south africa tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests knysna amatole montane forests kwazulu cape coastal forest mosaic maputaland coastal forest mosaic tropical and subtropical grasslands savannas and shrublands kalahari acacia baikiaea woodlands southern africa bushveld zambezian and mopane woodlands montane grasslands and shrublands drakensberg alti montane grasslands and woodlands drakensberg montane grasslands woodlands and forests highveld grasslands maputaland pondoland bushland and thickets mediterranean forests woodlands and scrub albany thickets lowland fynbos and renosterveld montane fynbos and renosterveld deserts and xeric shrublands kalahari xeric savanna nama karoo succulent karoo tundra southern indian ocean islands tundra mangroves southern africa mangroves marine ecoregions agulhas ecoregion benguela ecoregion delagoa ecoregion natal ecoregion southeast atlantic ecoregion southwest indian ecoregion biomes and vegetation classification list of vegetation types of south africa savanna andesite mountain bushveld aoub duneveld barberton serpentine sourveld bhisho thornveld cathedral mopane bushveld central sandy bushveld delagoa lowveld dwaalboom thornveld dwarsberg swartruggens mountain bushveld eastern valley bushveld gabbro grassy bushveld gauteng shale mountain bushveld ghaap plateau vaalbosveld gold reef mountain bushveld gordonia duneveld gordonia kameeldoring bushveld gordonia plains shrubland granite lowveld gravelotte rocky bushveld kaalrug mountain bushveld kathu bushveld kimberley thornveld koranna langeberg mountain bushveld kuruman mountain bushveld kuruman thornveld kuruman vaalbosveld kwazulu natal hinterland thornveld kwazulu natal sandstone sourveld lebombo summit sourveld legogote sour bushveld limpopo ridge bushveld limpopo sweet bushveld loskop mountain bushveld loskop thornveld lowveld rugged mopaneveld madikwe dolomite bushveld mafikeng bushveld makatini clay thicket makhado sweet bushveld makuleke sandy bushveld malelane mountain bushveld mamabolo mountain bushveld marikana thornveld molopo bushveld moot plains bushveld mopane basalt shrubland mopane gabbro shrubland musina mopane bushveld ngongoni veld norite koppies bushveld northern lebombo bushveld northern zululand sourveld nossob bushveld nwambyia pumbe sandy bushveld ohrigstad mountain bushveld olifantshoek plains thornveld phalaborwa timbavati mopaneveld pilanesberg mountain bushveld polokwane plateau bushveld postmasburg thornveld poung dolomite mountain bushveld pretoriuskop sour bushveld roodeberg bushveld schmidtsdrif thornveld schweizer reneke bushveld sekhukhune mountain bushveld sekhukhune plains bushveld south eastern coastal thornveld southern lebombo bushveld soutpansberg mountain bushveld springbokvlakte thornveld stella bushveld swaziland sour bushveld tembe sandy bushveld thukela thornveld thukela valley bushveld tsende mopaneveld tshokwane hlane basalt lowveld tzaneen sour bushveld vaalbos rocky shrubland vhavenda miombo waterberg mountain bushveld western maputaland clay bushveld western maputaland sandy bushveld western sandy bushveld zeerust thornveld zululand coastal thornveld zululand lowveld grassland aliwal north dry grassland amathole mistbelt grassland amathole montane grassland amersfoort highveld clay grassland barberton montane grassland basotho montane shrubland bedford dry grassland besemkaree koppies shrubland bloemfontein dry grassland bloemfontein karroid shrubland carletonville dolomite grassland central free state grassland drakensberg afroalpine heathland drakensberg foothill moist grassland drakensberg amathole afromontane fynbos east griqualand grassland eastern free state clay grassland eastern free state sandy grassland eastern highveld grassland egoli granite grassland frankfort highveld grassland income sandy grassland ithala quartzite sourveld kangwane montane grassland karoo escarpment grassland klerksdorp thornveld kwazulu natal highland thornveld leolo summit sourveld lesotho highland basalt grassland low escarpment moist grassland lydenburg montane grassland lydenburg thornveld mabela sandy grassland midlands mistbelt grassland mooi river highland grassland mthatha moist grassland northern drakensberg highland grassland northern escarpment afromontane fynbos northern escarpment dolomite grassland northern escarpment quartzite sourveld northern free state shrubland northern kwazulu natal moist grassland northern kwazulu natal shrubland northern zululand mistbelt grassland paulpietersburg moist grassland queenstown thornveld rand highveld grassland sekhukhune montane grassland senqu montane shrubland southern drakensberg highland grassland southern kwazulu natal moist grassland soutpansberg summit sourveld soweto highveld grassland steenkampsberg montane grassland stormberg plateau grassland strydpoort summit sourveld tarkastad montane shrubland tsakane clay grassland tsomo grassland ukhahlamba basalt grassland vaal reefs dolomite sinkhole woodland vaal vet sandy grassland vredefort dome granite grassland wakkerstroom montane grassland waterberg magaliesberg summit sourveld western free state clay grassland western highveld sandy grassland western lesotho basalt shrubland winburg grassy shrubland wolkberg dolomite grassland woodbush granite grassland xhariep karroid grassland zastron moist grassland fynbos agulhas limestone fynbos agulhas sand fynbos albertinia sand fynbos algoa sandstone fynbos atlantis sand fynbos bokkeveld sandstone fynbos boland granite fynbos breede alluvium fynbos breede quartzite fynbos breede sand fynbos breede shale fynbos canca limestone fynbos cape flats sand fynbos cape winelands shale fynbos cederberg sandstone fynbos central coastal shale band vegetation central inland shale band vegetation de hoop limestone fynbos eastern coastal shale band vegetation eastern inland shale band vegetation elgin shale fynbos elim ferricrete fynbos garden route granite fynbos garden route shale fynbos graafwater sandstone fynbos greyton shale fynbos grootrivier quartzite fynbos hangklip sand fynbos hawequas sandstone fynbos hopefield sand fynbos kamiesberg granite fynbos kango conglomerate fynbos knysna sand fynbos kogelberg sandstone fynbos kouebokkeveld alluvium fynbos kouebokkeveld shale fynbos kouga grassy sandstone fynbos kouga sandstone fynbos leipoldtville sand fynbos loerie conglomerate fynbos lourensford alluvium fynbos matjiesfontein quartzite fynbos matjiesfontein shale fynbos montagu shale fynbos namaqualand sand fynbos north hex sandstone fynbos north kammanassie sandstone fynbos north langeberg sandstone fynbos north outeniqua sandstone fynbos north rooiberg sandstone fynbos north sonderend sandstone fynbos north swartberg sandstone fynbos northern inland shale band vegetation olifants sandstone fynbos overberg sandstone fynbos peninsula granite fynbos peninsula sandstone fynbos piketberg sandstone fynbos potberg ferricrete fynbos potberg sandstone fynbos robertson granite fynbos south hex sandstone fynbos south kammanassie sandstone fynbos south langeberg sandstone fynbos south outeniqua sandstone fynbos south rooiberg sandstone fynbos south sonderend sandstone fynbos south swartberg sandstone fynbos southern cape dune fynbos stinkfonteinberge quartzite fynbos suurberg quartzite fynbos suurberg shale fynbos swartberg altimontane sandstone fynbos swartberg shale fynbos swartland alluvium fynbos swartruggens quartzite fynbos swellendam silcrete fynbos tsitsikamma sandstone fynbos western altimontane sandstone fynbos western coastal shale band vegetation winterhoek sandstone fynbos renosterveld baviaanskloof shale renosterveld breede alluvium renosterveld breede shale renosterveld central mountain shale renosterveld central ruêns shale renosterveld ceres shale renosterveld eastern ruêns shale renosterveld hantam plateau dolerite renosterveld humansdorp shale renosterveld kango limestone renosterveld langkloof shale renosterveld matjiesfontein shale renosterveld montagu shale renosterveld mossel bay shale renosterveld namaqualand granite renosterveld nieuwoudtville shale renosterveld nieuwoudtville roggeveld dolerite renosterveld peninsula shale renosterveld robertson granite renosterveld roggeveld shale renosterveld ruêns silcrete renosterveld swartberg shale renosterveld swartland alluvium renosterveld swartland granite renosterveld swartland shale renosterveld swartland silcrete renosterveld uniondale shale renosterveld vanrhyns...
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