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four courts wikipedia jump to content main menu main menu move to sidebar hide navigation main page contents current events random article about wikipedia contact us contribute help learn to edit community portal recent changes upload file special pages search search appearance donate create account log in personal tools donate create account log in contents move to sidebar hide top 1 court structure 2 history toggle history subsection 2 1 st michael s hill structure 2 2 gandon s building 2 3 easter rising 2 4 destruction in civil war 2 5 reopening in 1932 2 6 further development 2 7 criminal courts 3 plans for supreme court building 4 see also 5 references 6 external links toggle the table of contents four courts 20 languages català deutsch español euskara français gaeilge galego italiano 日本語 한국어 nederlands norsk bokmål polski português русский ไทย українська اردو 粵語 中文 edit links article talk english read edit view history tools tools move to sidebar hide actions read edit view history general what links here related changes upload file permanent link page information cite this page get shortened url switch to legacy parser print export download as pdf printable version in other projects wikimedia commons wikidata item appearance move to sidebar hide coordinates 53 20 45 n 6 16 25 w 53 3459 n 6 2735 w 53 3459 6 2735 from wikipedia the free encyclopedia major court complex in dublin ireland the four courts the four courts location within central dublin general information type courthouse architectural style neoclassical location inns quay dublin ireland coordinates 53 20 45 n 6 16 25 w 53 3459 n 6 2735 w 53 3459 6 2735 elevation 4 m 13 ft construction started 1786 completed 1802 224 years ago 1802 client kingdom of ireland technical details material portland stone granite copper cast iron timber steel stucco sandstone design and construction architects thomas cooley 1776 84 james gandon 1785 1802 jacob owen benchers and solicitors building 1835 39 1 the four courts irish na ceithre cúirteanna 2 is ireland s most prominent courts building located on inns quay in dublin the four courts is the principal seat of the supreme court the court of appeal the high court and the dublin circuit court until 2010 the building also housed the central criminal court this is now located in the criminal courts of justice building court structure edit the building originally housed four superior courts of chancery king s bench exchequer and common pleas giving the building its familiar name 3 under the supreme court of judicature act ireland 1877 these four courts were replaced by two the court of appeal presided over by the lord chancellor and the high court of justice headed by the lord chief justice but the building has retained its historic name 4 under the courts of justice act 1924 courts were established for the new irish free state with the supreme court of justice presided over by the chief justice replacing the court of appeal and a reconstituted high court of justice presided over by the president of the high court continuing the jurisdiction of the old high court the constitution of ireland in 1937 provided that courts would be established in a manner provided by the constitution this did not in fact occur until the implementation of the courts establishment and constitution act 1961 the supreme court and high court now dropping of justice from their title established under this act continued the jurisdiction of the courts established under the 1924 act 5 a new court of appeal was established in 2014 following a referendum in 2013 largely taking over the appellate jurisdiction of the supreme court and the old court of criminal appeal its civil division sits in the four courts 6 history edit prior to the construction of a dedicated courts building at the beginning of the 17th century the courts sat in various locations around the city but mainly at dublin castle for a brief period in 1606 the courts moved across the river to their current location however they soon moved back to the southside due to pressure from dublin corporation 7 st michael s hill structure edit an illustration of the interior of the old four courts building on st michael s hill in 1788 in 1608 a dedicated complex was built adjacent to christ church cathedral on what is today st michael s hill which housed the four courts until opening of the present building around 1796 8 even after renovation and reconstruction works by william robinson in 1695 there were constant complaints about the building s condition and location later works were supervised by thomas burgh from 1705 06 while hugh darley was also recorded as working as a stonecutter on the structure in 1749 9 10 11 the four courts marshalsea was originally also located nearby at that time between winetavern street and fishamble street it later moved further east to an area around bridgefoot street and thomas street 12 gandon s building edit part of the original gandon designed interior decoration of the dome lost in the 1922 destruction work based on the design of thomas cooley for the public records office of ireland began in 1776 after cooley died in 1784 renowned architect james gandon was appointed to finish the buildings it was built between 1786 and 1796 while the finishing touches to the arcades and wings were completed in 1802 13 the lands were previously used by the king s inns 14 and before that a 13th century dominican friary st saviour s was located on the site confiscated following the dissolution of the monasteries by henry viii 15 easter rising edit the four courts and surrounding areas were held by commandant edward daly s 1st battalion during the easter rising in 1916 some of the most intense fighting of easter week took place in the church street north king street and north brunswick street area at the end of the week the four courts building itself became the headquarters of the 1st battalion 16 destruction in civil war edit main article four courts explosion the four courts on fire during the civil war on 14 april 1922 the courts complex was occupied by ira forces opposed to the anglo irish treaty with rory o connor acting as their spokesman on 28 june the new national army attacked the building to dislodge the rebels on the orders of the minister for defence richard mulcahy authorised by president of dáil éireann arthur griffith 17 this attack provoked a week of fighting in dublin in the process of the bombardment the historic building was destroyed the west wing of the building was obliterated in a huge explosion destroying the irish public record office at the rear of the building nearly a thousand years of archives were destroyed by this explosion the ensuing fire and the water poured onto the fire 18 the ira was accused of mining the records office however those present who included future taoiseach seán lemass said that while they had used the archive as a store of their ammunition they had not deliberately mined it they suggest that the explosion was caused by the accidental detonation of their ammunition store during the fighting 17 reopening in 1932 edit the four courts at inns quay for a decade after the destruction of the civil war the courts sat in the old viceregal apartments in dublin castle in 1932 a rebuilt and remodelled four courts was opened however much of the decorative interior of the original building had been lost and in the absence of documentary archives some of which had been in the public records office and others of which were among the vast amount of legal records lost also and also because the new state did not have the funds the highly decorative interior was not replaced 3 further development edit the office of public works added a modern two storey extension to the roof of the old public records office in the late 1960s they also built river house on chancery street overlooking the courts 19 criminal courts edit prior to 2010 both civil and criminal trials were heard in the four courts which was also the location of the court of criminal appeal when the criminal courts of justice building near the phoenix park opened in january 2010 all criminal trials were transferred there 20 21 the four courts remain in use for civil matters 20 plans for supreme court building edit there are plans to relocate the supreme court to a new purpose built building near the four courts 22 see also edit courts of the republic of ireland law of the republic of ireland 18th century western domes references edit inns quay four courts www dia ie retrieved 31 august 2023 michal boleslav mechura 10 december 2006 uimhreacha na gaeilge pdf in irish p 12 archived from the original on 27 june 2011 retrieved 19 may 2011 original historic use of the plural form use of the singular form is a relatively new habit even at the beginning of the twentieth century speakers had the choice of using the plural form also and many survivals of that usage are seen at the present time particularly in proper names na ceithre cuirteanna for example is said even though na ceithre chúirt would be more correct according to current language rules 1 2 four courts incorporated council of law reporting for ireland archived from the original on 1 november 2020 retrieved 9 november 2019 supreme court of judicature act ireland 1877 irish statute book archived from the original on 9 november 2019 retrieved 9 november 2019 the courts of justice act 1924 irish statute book archived from the original on 11 august 2014 retrieved 9 november 2019 court of appeal act 2014 irish statute book 20 july 2014 archived from the original on 23 july 2015 retrieved 24 march 2015 the four courts the courts service of ireland www courts ie retrieved 17 june 2025 murphy edward henry 1813 remains of the old four courts adjoining christs sic church dublin catalogue nli ie retrieved 16 june 2025 kenny colum 1986 the four courts in dublin before 1796 irish jurist 1966 21 1 107 124 jstor 44027768 retrieved 31 august 2023 robinson sir william dictionary of irish biography www dib ie retrieved 31 august 2023 dictionary of irish architects www dia ie retrieved 16 june 2025 kenny colum 1986 the four courts in dublin before 1796 irish jurist 1966 21 1 107 124 jstor 44027768 retrieved 31 august 2023 maurice craig dublin 1660 1860 page 243 colum kenny king s inns and the kingdom of ireland the irish inn of court 1541 1800 irish academic press irish legal history society 1992 pp 261 5 st saviour s dublin four courts rte archived from the original on 9 november 2019 retrieved 8 november 2019 1 2 the republic the fight for irish independence 1918 1923 charles townshend isbn 978 0 141 03004 3 ruin of public record office marked loss of great archive irish times 30 june 2012 archived from the original on 30 january 2020 retrieved 9 november 2019 mcdonald frank 1985 the destruction of dublin dublin gill and macmillan p 159 isbn 0 7171 1386 8 oclc 60079186 1 2 mcdonald dearbhail 24 november 2009 new order in court as 140m legal pantheon opens doors irish independent archived from the original on 13 may 2011 coulter carol 24 november 2009 first case set for new criminal courts the irish times archived from the original on 31 december 2010 gallagher conor 12 june 2017 supreme court to get its own building for the first time the irish times archived from the original on 15 june 2017 retrieved 1 july 2017 external links edit wikimedia commons has media related to four courts four courts web tour courts service of ireland the bar council the national archives of ireland v t e irish state and public buildings current áras an uachtaráin central bank of ireland collins barracks custom house dublin castle farmleigh four courts general post office gpo government buildings green street courthouse leinster house mansion house ratra house registry of deeds steward s lodge former chapel royal chichester house the old custom house dublin chief secretary s lodge parliament house under secretary s lodge the tholsel v t e irish courts before 1922 overview four courts supreme court of judicature act ireland 1877 courts to 1877 with presiding judges court of chancery lord chancellor court of king s bench lord chief justice court of common pleas chief justice of the common pleas court of exchequer chief baron of the irish exchequer courts 1877 1922 with presiding judges court of appeal lord chancellor high court of justice lord chief justice v t e judiciary of the republic of ireland courts current supreme court court of appeal high court special criminal court circuit court district court former court of criminal appeal supreme court of judicature court of chancery court of king s bench court of common pleas court of exchequer court of appeal high court of justice justices current chief justice president of the court of appeal president of the high court former lord chancellor of ireland lord chief justice of ireland master of the rolls in ireland recorder of dublin law officers current attorney general former attorney general for ireland solicitor general for ireland buildings current four courts criminal courts of justice former green street courthouse retrieved from https en wikipedia org w index php title four_courts oldid 1370548903 categories buildings and structures in dublin city courthouses in the republic of ireland national supreme court buildings neoclassical architecture in ireland rebuilt buildings and structures georgian architecture in dublin city hidden categories articles with short description short description matches wikidata use hiberno english from july 2022 all wikipedia articles written in hiberno english use dmy dates from august 2024 pages using gadget wikiminiatlas coordinates on wikidata articles containing irish language text cs1 unfit url cs1 irish language sources ga commons category link from wikidata this page was last edited on 21 august 2026 at 19 44 utc page was rendered with parsoid text is available under the 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