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aises the threshold of comprehensibility for outsiders 12 this is usually accepted citation needed as an unavoidable trade off but it may also be used as a means of social exclusion reinforcing ingroup outgroup barriers or social aspiration when introduced as a way of demonstrating expertise some academics promote the use of jargon free language or plain language 13 as an audience may be alienated or confused by the technical terminology and thus lose track of a speaker or writer s broader and more important arguments 14 some words with both a technical and a non technical meaning are referred to as semi technical vocabulary for example chinh ngan nguyen le and julia miller refer to colon as an anatomical term and also a punctuation mark 15 and derek matravers refers to person and its plural form persons as technical language used in philosophy where their meaning is more specific than person and people in their everyday use 16 etymology edit the french word is believed to have been derived from the latin word gaggire meaning to chatter which was used to describe speech that the listener did not understand 17 the word may also come from old french jargon meaning chatter of birds 17 middle english also has the verb jargounen meaning to chatter or twittering deriving from old french 18 the canterbury tales by geoffrey chaucer is the first known use of the term jargon in english literature the first known use of the word in english is found within the canterbury tales written by geoffrey chaucer between 1387 and 1400 chaucer related jargon to the vocalizations of birds 18 in colonial history jargon was seen as a device of communication to bridge the gap between two speakers who did not speak the same tongue jargon was synonymous with pidgin in naming specific language usages jargon then began to have a negative connotation with lacking coherent grammar or gibberish as it was seen as a broken language of many different languages with no full community to call their own in the 1980s linguists began restricting this usage of jargon to keep the word to more commonly define a technical or specialized language use 19 fields using the term edit in linguistics it is used to mean specialist language 20 with the term also seen as closely related to slang argot and cant 21 various kinds of language peculiar to ingroups can be named across a semantic field slang can be either culture wide or known only within a certain group or subculture argot is slang or jargon purposely used to obscure meaning to outsiders conversely a lingua franca is used for the opposite effect helping communicators to overcome unintelligibility as are pidgins and creole languages for example chinook jargon was a pidgin 22 although technical jargon s primary purpose is to aid technical communication not to exclude outsiders by serving as an argot it can have both effects at once and can provide a technical ingroup with shibboleths for example medieval guilds could use this as one means of informal protectionism on the other hand jargon that once was obscure outside a small ingroup can become generally known over time for example the terms bit byte and hexadecimal which are terms from computing jargon 23 are now recognized by many people who outside computer science citation needed referenced edit the philosopher étienne bonnot de condillac observed in 1782 that every science requires a special language because every science has its own ideas as a rationalist member of the enlightenment he continued it seems that one ought to begin by composing this language but people begin by speaking and writing and the language remains to be composed 24 industry term edit an industry word is a specialized kind of technical terminology used in a certain industry industry words and phrases are often used in a specific area and those in that field know and use the terminology 25 precise technical terms and their definitions are formally recognized documented and taught by educators in the field other terms are more colloquial coined and used by practitioners in the field and are similar to slang the boundaries between formal and slang jargon as in general english are quite fluid this is especially true in the rapidly developing world of computers and networking for instance the term firewall in the sense of a device used to filter network traffic was at first technical slang as these devices became more widespread and the term became widely understood the word was adopted as formal terminology 26 technical terminology evolves due to the need for experts in a field to communicate with precision and brevity but often has the effect of excluding those who are unfamiliar with the particular specialized language of the group 27 this can cause difficulties for example when a patient is unable to follow the discussions of medical practitioners and thus cannot understand his own condition and treatment differences in jargon also cause difficulties where professionals in related fields use different terms for the same phenomena 28 corporate jargon edit the use of jargon in the business world is a common occurrence the use of jargon in business correspondence reached a high popularity between the late 1800s into the 1950s 29 in this context jargon is most frequently used in modes of communication such as emails reports and other forms of documentation 30 common phrases used in corporate jargon include common share 31 dividend 31 kpi key performance indicator pursuant roi return on investment 32 swot analysis strengths weaknesses opportunities and threats 33 undersigned medical jargon edit medicine professionals make extensive use of scientific terminology most patients encounter medical jargon when referring to their diagnosis or when receiving or reading their medication 34 some commonly used terms in medical jargon are code blue 35 dyspnea 36 hematoma 37 hypertension 38 palliative care 39 tachycardia 40 at first glance many people do not understand what these terms mean and may panic when they see these scientific names being used in reference to their health 41 the argument as to whether medical jargon is a positive or negative attribute of a patient s experience has evidence to support both sides on one hand as mentioned before these phrases can be overwhelming for some patients who may not understand the terminology however with the accessibility of the internet it has been suggested that these terms can be used and easily researched for clarity 34 legal jargon edit jargon is commonly found in the field of law these terms are often used in legal contexts such as legal documents court proceedings contracts and more some common terms in this profession include acquittal affidavit 42 adjudication libel litigation tort 43 education jargon edit there is specialized terminology within the field of education educators and administrators use these terms to communicate ideas specific to the education system common terms and acronyms considered to be jargon that are used within this profession include capstone project curriculum ell english language learner iep individualized education program pedagogy plc professional learning community stem science technology engineering and mathematics in practice edit jargon may serve the purpose of a gatekeeper in conversation signaling who is allowed into certain forms of conversation jargon may serve this function by dictating to which direction or depth a conversation about or within the context of a certain field or profession will go 44 for example a conversation between two professionals in which one person has little previous interaction or knowledge of the other person could go one of at least two possible ways one of the professionals who the other professional does not know does not use or does not correctly use the jargon of their respective field and is little regarded or remembered beyond small talk or fairly insignificant in this conversation or if the person does use particular jargon showing their knowledge in the field to be legitimate educated or of particular significance the other professional then opens the conversation up in an in depth or professional manner 44 the use of jargon can create a divide in communication or strengthen it outside of conversation jargon can become confusing in writing when used in text readers can become confused if there are terms used that require outside knowledge on the subject 45 positivity edit ethos is used to create an appeal to authority it is one of three pillars of persuasion created by aristotle to create a logical argument ethos uses credibility to back up arguments it can indicate to the audience that a speaker is an insider with using specialized terms in the field to make an argument based on authority and credibility 46 jargon can be used to convey meaningful information and discourse in a convenient way within communities a subject expert may wish to avoid jargon when explaining something to a layperson jargon may help communicate contextual information optimally 47 for example a football coach talking to their team or a doctor working with nurses 48 accessibility and criticism edit with the rise of the self advocacy within the disability rights movement jargonized language has started to face repeated rejection for being language that is widely inaccessible 49 however jargon is largely present in everyday language such as in newspapers financial statements and instruction manuals to combat this several advocacy organizations are working on influencing public agents to offer accessible information in different formats 50 one accessible format that offers an alternative to jargonized language is easy read which consists of a combination of plain language 13 and images the criticism against jargon can be found in certain fields where professionals communicate with individuals with no industry background in a study done by analyzing 58 patients and 10 radiation therapists professionals diagnosed and explained the treatment of a disease to a patient with the use of jargon it was found that using jargon left patients confused about what the treatments and risks were suggesting that jargon in the medical field is not the best in communicating the terminology and concepts 51 quantification edit jargon has been quantified using a piecewise mathematical function called jargonness which maps the frequencies of appearance of a word in scientific and contemporary english corpora to a parameter called jargonness itself quantifying the word s association with scientific jargon 52 53 it is expressed as 53 jargonness log f s f g f g 0 3 f g 0 displaystyle text jargonness begin cases log left frac f_ s f_ g right f_ g 0 3 f_ g 0 end cases in the above equation f g displaystyle f_ g stands for the frequency of a word s appearance in a general english language corpus f s displaystyle f_ s stands for its frequency in a scientific corpus and l o g displaystyle log is the common base 10 logarithm 54 examples of corpora used in the determination of these frequencies include the professional english research consortium corpus scientific and the british national corpus common 53 jargon glossaries edit many examples of jargon exist because of its use among specialists and subcultures alike in the professional world those who are in the business of filmmaking may use words like vorkapich to refer to a montage when talking to colleagues 55 in rhetoric rhetoricians use words like arete to refer to a person of power s character when speaking with one another 56 architectural terminology ballet terminology binomial nomenclature blazon heraldic terminology business jargon chemical nomenclature computing jargon corporate jargon cricket terminology economics terminology that differs from common usage fencing terminology flag terminology language of mathematics mathematical jargon legal terms medical terminology motion picture terminology musical terminology nautical terms a l nautical terms m z padonkaffsky jargon professional wrestling terminology poker terminology scientific terminology international scientific vocabulary wine tasting descriptors see also edit academese colloquialism cryptolect eurodicautom gibberish idola fori jargon file legalese lexigraf natural language nomenclature orismology p convention phraseme pidgin polari procedure word register sociolinguistics specification technical standard technical standard thieves cant three letter acronym variety linguistics technobabble references edit murray neil 2012 writing essays in english language and linguistics principles tips and strategies for undergraduates cambridge university press p 147 isbn 9780521111195 polskaya svetlana 2011 differentiating between various categories of special vocabulary on the material of a professionals speech of english speaking stock exchange brokers in raţă georgeta ed academic days of timişoara language education today cambridge scholars publishing p 519 isbn 9781443833165 piekot tomasz 2008 język w grupie społecznej wprowadzenie do analizy socjolektu in polish wałbrzych wydawnictwo państwowej wyższej szkoły zawodowej im angelusa silesiusa p 28 isbn 9788388425387 oclc 297524942 forsyth patrick 2007 outsmarting your competitors techniques of sales excellence to build profitable business marshall cavendish p 88 isbn 9789812614483 grzenia jan 2005 04 25 gwara a żargon poradnia pwn in polish sjp pwn pl retrieved 2019 04 26 mistrík jozef 1993 encyklopédia jazykovedy in slovak 1 ed bratislava obzor p 385 isbn 8021502509 oclc 29200758 stearns peter n ed 1993 12 21 encyclopedia of social history doi 10 4324 9780203306352 isbn 9781135583477 jargon merriam webster merriam webster archived from the original on 5 april 2013 retrieved 29 march 2013 term of art merriam webster com dictionary merriam webster oclc 1032680871 yasuoka mika 2015 08 01 collaboration across professional boundaries the emergence of interpretation drift and the collective creation of project jargon computer supported cooperative work 24 4 253 276 doi 10 1007 s10606 015 9229 2 issn 1573 7551 s2cid 254416615 wodak ruth 1989 language power and ideology studies in political discourse john benjamins publishing company pp 1 288 isbn 9789027286055 stucky mark 2007 dr jargonlove or how i learned to stop worrying and love technobabble pdf intercom april 44 1 2 wen ju yi lan october 2023 tips for writing plain language summaries of medical journal publications learned publishing 36 4 720 725 doi 10 1002 leap 1563 issn 0953 1513 s2cid 260235923 ross steven 2014 jargon and the crisis of readability methodology language and the future of film history cinema journal 44 1 130 133 doi 10 1353 cj 2004 0052 jstor 3661180 s2cid 191592637 chinh ngan nguyen le and julia miller a core meaning based analysis of english semi technical vocabulary in the medical field english for specific purposes volume 70 published april 2023 doi 10 1016 j esp 2023 01 006 accessed 27 november 2023 ...
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